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Sustainable Energy in Azores Islands, Graciosa Island

Wind-Solar-Diesel System

Miguel Aires Martins (mamartin@eda.pt)

Gran Canraria, Canarias 28th-29th November 2012

The Azores Archipelago, Portugal is composed of nine volcanic islands situated in the middle of the North Atlantic Ocean, and is located about 1,500 km (930 mi) west from Lisbon and about 3,900 km (2,400 mi) east from the east coast of North America.

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Population: 246,746 inhabitants (2011 census)

Area: 2,346 km2 (906 sq mi)

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY IN AZORES ISLANDS, GRACIOSA ISLAND - WIND-SOLAR-DIESEL SYSTEM

Azores Energy production - 2011

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Fuel - 61,5%

Diesel - 8,59%

Hydro -3,9%

Wind -3,9%

Geothermal – 22,1%

Others renewables - 0,01%

Year 2011

Problem

Isolated electricity with "strong" wind power penetration

Power oscillations between the groups diesel / water and wind

Difficulty in controlling the grid frequency High/Sub loads for diesel generators

• Load shedding / power cuts

• Wear of mechanical equipment

• Further specific consumption (l / kWh)

• Large amounts of energy "rejected" Wind Park (kWh)

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Goal and Challenges – Renewable Energy

For stable power grid based on renewables Necessary: • Storage technologies • New control strategies

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ISLANDS CHALLENGE

In the European main land power grid instability related to the contribution of renewable energies is a challenge of TOMORROW.

Islands live this future challenge TODAY So Islands are the ideal platform to develop energy concepts of TODAY and TOMORROW

Project Background

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First contact in Islenet conference

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Azores Island first visit

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Azores Island first visit

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Learning local reality– Graciosa Island, Azores

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Simulation, economic modulation and basic ideas for “Small Graciosa”

Cost of Electricity - Comparison

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19

€/kWh

hybrid total diesel indirect diesel direct

hybrid average diesel average

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2008-2009

“Small Graciosa” Construction and commission

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Construction -Site test Berlim, Germany

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Battery Installation – Site test Berlim, Germany

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Equipment Installation – Site test Berlim, Germany

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Final view– Site test Berlim, Germany

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2010-2012

Comercial and technical project development

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Network control and management Energy Management and SCADA SystemEnergy Management and SCADA System

Communication LayerCommunication Layer

ForecastForecast DispatchDispatch

Data LoggingData Logging HMIHMI

Consumers

AlarmingAlarming

OptimizationOptimization

InterfaceInterfaceInterfaceInterfaceInterfaceInterface

Battery

Power Plant

Battery

Power Plant

μs/Seconds • Compensation fluctuations of renewable energy • Control of the voltage and frequency • Power supply short-circuit

Minutes /Hours • Standard features of SCADA • Demand optimization production and

storage units • Control integration and

communication between producers of renewable energy systems and conventional power

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Wind measures– Graciosa Island, Azores

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Technical Demonstration– Site test Berlim, Germany

Project Layout

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Preliminary project

2.5 MW

5.4 MW

0.5 MW

4.6 MW

2.2 MW System adapted to cover 70% of electricity consumption in 2014

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Wind Farm preliminary localization

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Wind Farm preliminary localization

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PV preliminary localization(s)

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PV layout example

Source: Solon SE

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Battery (schematic) En

Short time max. charging

Long time max. discharging

Continue discharge

Network stability Production > Demand :Charging Production < Demand :Discharge

Mean Wind Power

Mean Consumption

Actual Wind Power

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Batteries type evaluation being held in Berlin and negotiation with suppliers

Sodium sulfide (NaS) High energy capacity

Lithium High capacity power delivery

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Batteries type evaluation

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The battery station on Graciosa will have to serve both tasks: • Shift energy from one point in time to another • Compensate short term fluctuations. Therefore Younicos is currently evaluating: Based on the price and performance parameters submitted by both suppliers – if either high power or high energy or a combination of both is the most suitable.

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The choice of battery has a feedback effect on the required size of renewable energy plants to achieve the same energy yield, the overall system layout will have to be decided as a whole

• High Energy 17.2 MWh Nas

• High Power 4 MWh Li + strongly increased renewable capacity (~25%)

• Hybrid Battery 8.6 MWh NaS + 1.4 MWh Li + slightly increased renewable capacity

• (10-15%)

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Battery location study

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15kV Power Line

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Linking the new hybrid system and infrastructure

Island Demand

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Actual contractual relationship

Production

Distribution and Sales

regulatory authority

Demand

15% Clean Energy

85% Diesel

Agreement tariff € / kWh

Regulated fare €/kWh

Windfarm 2 x 300 kW 2 x 100 kW

Refund

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New contractual relationship

Production

Distribution and Sales

regulatory authority

Demand

70% Clean Energy

35% Diesel

Agreement tariff € / kWh

Regulated Tarif

€/kWh

New company (Graciolica)

• Windfarm • PV • Battery • System

Management

Refund

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Stakeholders & Contractors

Graciolica (Investiment ~25 M€) Company responsible for the project

/ Energy Supply

Promoter

Subsidies for ivestment

Windfarm

TBD Solar Company

Battery

Power Manegement

Suppliers

Maintenance

contrats

Turnkey contract

Investors Bank and private

investors

Regulatory Authority

Demand

Refund

Regulated Tarif €/kWh

70% Clean Energy

Ad. Contract

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Project Objective and Impacts in the Azores

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Hybrid renewable energy system at real scale

• Construction of a full-scale photovoltaic park, wind farm and battery center in order to provide maximum penetration of electricity from renewable sources

Objectives Possible impacts

• Visual impact

• Road noise and disturbances during construction

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Model for the world

• Creating a unique model worldwide in terms of solutions for energy sustainability

• Increased visits to Graciosa with a scientific character

• Platform for future research activities (eg mobility, smart grid, energy use surplus ...)

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Savings in terms of fossil fuels

• Savings> 2,000,000 l of diesel per year

• Diesel Power Station emissions reducing

• Stabilization and reduction of electricity costs in the long term

• Increased energy autonomy of Graciosa Island

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Local valuing

• Increase the value and potential of the Azores

• Paying taxes by the company (60,000 € -250,000 annually)

• Jobs

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Schedule

ERSE approval final layout Financing Detail planning Construction Commission

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