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Final Report
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Seminar on Water Integrity Side Event, ACWUA Fifth Best Practices Conference
Muscat , Oman
June 6th, 2012
Delivered and documented by
Jamal Al Salah & Mostafa Biad
1
This report is prepared by the Seminar trainers, it is not intended to describe or to attach all the training
content , the trainers made some summary of the training content delivered under the title "Seminar
Proceeding" taking from the slides and the content samples of the most important presented topics. The
participants received at the end of the workshop a soft copy all presentations and training content deli-
vered beside other related material, literature, books, hand books, examples.
The Trainers like to address their thanks to all participants for their dedication and serious participation
and inputs through the working sessions, discussions, enriching from their side the content and empha-
sizing in the other hand the "importance of the Water Integrity”.
Special thanks are due to Dr. Thomas Petermann for his continuous support and facilitating the imple-
mentation of this seminar, and to Eng. Khaldon Khashman and to all ACWUA staff for their excellent
arrangement and logistical support that definitely supported the smooth implementation of the Seminar
sessions.
2
List of Contents
Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 3
Objectives: .................................................................................................................................................... 3
Participants ................................................................................................................................................... 4
Training material, Content, Language ........................................................................................................... 4
Seminar Program; Timing and Venue ........................................................................................................... 4
Trainers ......................................................................................................................................................... 4
Seminar Sessions ........................................................................................................................................... 5
Seminar Procedure ....................................................................................................................................... 6
Risk Mapping working group ...................................................................................................................... 12
Comments and ideas from participants ...................................................................................................... 12
Seminar Evaluation ..................................................................................................................................... 13
Comments and Recommendations of the Trainers: ................................................................................... 14
Annex 1 – Program ...................................................................................................................................... 15
Annex 2 : List of Participants ....................................................................................................................... 16
Annex 3 :Results of the Risk Mapping Exercise .......................................................................................... 18
Group Exercise : .......................................................................................................................................... 18
Photos ......................................................................................................................................................... 23
3
Introduction "WATER" beside it is the main essential life element; it became a world-wide critical issue, affecting the
human life and environmental conditions. Water scarcity in the world and specifically in some known
countries, is creating new challenges for those working in
the management , supply and water service; thus, the
way the water sector is managed needs to be reconsi-
dered by adoption of Water Governance principles and
tools, of which Water Integrity is a highly important and
sensitive concept to guarantee more higher water gover-
nance, for better efficient and effective water manage-
ment and equal distribution of water resources in Urban
and rural areas, and of course for households and other
essential domains like Industry , agriculture taking into
consideration the environmental aspects.
From another angle, water now is a crucial political issue
between and inside countries, and is a relatively power
holder manipulation, with real signs of future conflicts on
water resources, of which some serious conflicts are al-
ready taking place.
Assuring higher level water governance requires impor-
tant determinants like transparency; accountability and
participation. The Lack and negligence of these determi-
nants may lead to different levels of corruption at various scales. Corruption doesn’t necessarily mean
only financial, but can also cover different topics at managerial, procurement, infrastructure and of
course operation and maintenance.
The water Integrity concept is introduced to help protecting
the rights of the consumers, tax payer, and guarding the fi-
nancial resources without neglecting the ethical and human
rights, rules and roles of the law.
Objectives: This one day seminar aimed to sensitize and familiarize the
participants with the water Integrity Concept, its tools, me-
chanisms and approaches to strengthen integrity, transparen-
cy and accountability in Water Sector by bringing the infor-
mation and knowledge on the Water Integrity concept, and opening wide window on the problem of
Corruption in Water Sector, with focus on the Water Governance, Transparency, Accountability, Cost
and impact of Corruption in the water sector and to highlight the tools of Corruption analysis and com-
bating corruption in the Water Sector.
4
Participants The participants were selected from the Country teams participated in the ACWUA 5th Best Practices
Conference, representing all participating countries!!, and from various senior managerial levels. 29
participants attended the seminar.
The participants proved high interest, dedi-
cation, interaction and participation through
the working sessions with deep discussions
and inputs on the topic, bringing their exam-
ples, own experiences and comments.
The participants expressed their positive
support to the "Water Integrity" concept for
their utilities and the need to be presented for their colleagues in their respective countries.
Training material, Content, Language The training material / content delivered was based on the "Water Integrity Training Manual" issued by
international agencies (UNDP, SIWI, WIN, Cap-Net and Waternet), however the training content was
slightly modified to fit the one day seminar without affecting the core principle of the topic. The partici-
pants received soft copy of the training material contains ( the Water Integrity Training Manual, and a
folder "E-Library" of relevant international resources, books, Handbooks, reports covering Water Integri-
ty related Topic) in addition hard copy a technical document on Water Integrity prepared by Dr. Thomas
Petermann, and some international references.
The content was presented mainly by Power point in English, while all inputs and discussion were made
in Arabic allowing all participants to freely participate in the comments, discussion and exchange of
views.
Seminar Program; Timing and Venue The Seminar took place from 09:00 to 17:00 on June 6, the program was distributed on 4 working ses-
sions, including coffee and Lunch breaks. The detailed working program is attached (annex 1).
The Seminar took place as an activity of the ACWUA 5th Best Practices Conference in The Shangri-la Ho-
tel – Muscat, Oman.
Trainers Mr. Mostafa Biad and Mr. Jamal Al Salah are professional -trainers, Mr. Biad is coming from the water
sector as member of the National Office For Potable Water in Morocco. Mr. Al Salah is a civil engineer
working in the training and consulting sector with considerable background and experience in water
projects. Both trainers have participated in the Training of Trainers Course carried by GIZ on Water Inte-
grity in May 2012 in Feldafing, Germany.
5
Seminar Sessions An official opening was carried by Mr. Khaldon Khashman ACWUA Secretary General and Dr. Thomas
Petermann Senior Project Manager, GIZ MENA WANT water program.
Mr. Khashman welcomed the participants and made a brief overview
on the topic relating the corruption in water sector with the positive
behavior and its impact on the water cycle management, with expla-
nation of the transparency concept with just and equal distribution of
water, transparency with the management, and working staff, trans-
parency with the citizens and beneficiaries.
Mr. Khashman informed that the Transparency International issued a
report on "Corruption in Water Sector" 2008, with classification and
positioning of the Arab countries in the list of corruption with regard
to tendering, awarding, procurement, O&M … , adding that changes
in the Arab World (the Arab Spring) imposes us to begin reform, es-
pecially in the water sector where many in the Arab world are suffer-
ing of water scarcity or water quality and water services in general.
Closing his speech; by informing that several training activities on this
topic will take place in the future, and wishing the participants useful
discussions.
In his turn Thomas highlighted the importance of Water Integrity
worldwide as an element of good water governance, and the growing
interest, attention given and the expected benefits resulting from
implementing principles of honesty, accountability and transparency.
He added that this seminar carried in one day aims to raise aware-
ness amongst senior water professionals and officials, to highlight the
concept and introduce some tools available to take action in the wa-
ter and wastewater sector. A regional training on Water Integrity will
be carried for the middle management later in 2012. Thomas wished
all the audience a successful seminar and discussions, and introduced
the two trainers who attended the Training-of-Trainers seminar in Germany. This course was jointly
organized with international partners from the UNDP Water Governance Facilities, SIWI, the Water Inte-
grity Network WIN and the International Water and Sanitation Centre IRC. Permission to use the training
material was granted from Hakan Tropp (WGF Project Director) and the authors. Thomas introduced his
summarizing article on “Water Integrity – Clearing muddy waters” that was distributed to all partici-
pants. He mentioned that all participants will get access to en “e-library” that will display important lite-
rature, articles and the Training Manual on Water Integrity, and links to partner websites, e.g.
www.waterintegritynetwork.net and www.watergovernance.org
The trainers invited for a round of introduction of participants, followed by announcing the working
program and the content, rules and objectives.
6
Water Governance
Economic
dimension
Political dimension
Social dimensio
n
Environment &
Sustainability dimension
Seminar Procedure
Session One:
Mostafa Biad made the introduction of the Go-vernance and Water Integrity in MENA re-gion, the definitions, the relevance of Water Governance with the IWRM importance and relation to Water Integrity, Governance di-mensions reaching the Principles of Integrity. Through the process it was clarified that (the water crises is not water or financial scarcity but mainly crises of governance – GWP,2000), and that IWRM is a holistic management of water, taking into consideration all dimen-sions: the entire water cycle (resource), all sectors (users), spatial (basin / administra-tive), time scales and interests and Both IWRM and (water) governance are complex, intertwined, and profoundly political.
Good governance emerges when stake-holders engage and participate with each other in an inclusive, transparent and ac-countable manner to accomplish better service provision that is free of corruption and abuse, and performed within the rule of law. Important Principles of Water Governance
Transparency Clear rules and roles & responsibilities of actors (differs from manual which states access to information & understanding decision making)
Accountability Procedures are applied; actors hold each other accountable (answerable for action)
Participation Information accessible to third parties who can file effective complaints (access to justice) and influence
The IWRM Cube
7
Transparency
Transparency comprises all means to facilitate citizens’ access to information and their understanding of decision-making mechanisms.
Transparency, integrity and accountability in IWRM is fundamental to the creation of a peaceful and secure management structure for its implementation.
Accountability
• Good governance and sound institutions play a huge role in promotion of accountability. Accountability is about being answerable for one’s actions.
• It requires the ability of citizens, civil society organizations and the private sector to scrutinize leaders, public institutions and governments and hold them accountable for their actions.
Participation
• IWRM can only be successful if all stakeholders, including marginalized and resource-poor groups, can become meaningfully involved in water management decisions.
• Governments should support the participation of all stakehold-ers.
• Legislation needs to both grant communities and other stake-holders a right to become involved in the water management process, AND
• Encourage statutory institutions to provide stakeholders with sufficient information and incentives to participate in a mea-ningful way.
Benefits of Participation
• More successful projects in terms of scale, design, operation and maintenance;
• Improve cost recovery. Key to revenue generation and financing; • Environmental resources are protected and cultural and human rights are respected; • Coordinate interests and resolve conflicts; • Increase transparency and accountability in decision-making.
Session Two: This session title "Integrity Principles in Water Sector" was
presented by Jamal Al Salah, covered the definition of Cor-
ruption "What is corruption?" ; Corruption risk in the wa-
ter sector ; Corruption interaction framework ; Costs and
impacts of corruption, From anti-corruption to integrity
Impact and cost of corruption, and Pillars of Water Integri-
ty (Transparency, Accountability, Participation)
8
The presentation covered types of corruption (petty Cash and Grand Thefts) , with an example of poor water governance taken from an example country. Moving to the Corruption Interac-tion Framework: "Public – Public" , "public – Private" and "Public Consumers" with highlight on the nature of interaction of each. The cost of Corruption:
• Reduces available resources for sector • Creates inefficiencies in projects (, wrong
technology choices, additional cost, poor quality etc.)
• Distorts allocations (most profitable choice for corruptor)
• Is endemic disease that infects others • Endangers the environment • May effect particularly poorer sections (less
resources to bribe, access justice system, cheated by politicians)
Pillars of Water Integrity
A- Transparency Refers to openness and public access to in-formation so that citizens can understand the decision making process that affect them , and are knowledgeable about the standards to expect from public officials
B- Accountability
Democratic principles that elected officials and those in public service can be held ac-countable for their actions and answer to those they serve; this includes political, ad-ministrative and financial dimensions
C- Participation • IWRM can only be successful if all stakeholders, including marginalized and resource-
poor groups, can become meaningfully involved in water management decisions.
• Governments should support the participation of all stakeholders.
• Legislation needs to both grant communities and other stakeholders a right to become involved in the water management process, AND
• Encourage statutory institutions to provide stakeholders with sufficient information and incentives to participate in a meaningful way.
9
Session Three This session was planned to cover: Tools for Corruption Identification and assessment; Drivers of Corruption; Corruption Risk Identification and Corruption Risk Mapping. Mostafa Biad tackled the topic starting with the Corruption drivers and the Incentives and Disincentives for corrup-tion followed by the Drivers for Change.
Incentives and disincentives for corruption to occur
Ranking Corruption Risk "Risk Quadrant"
Less Likely to Happen
More Likely to Happen
Low Impact
Requires Low Control
Monitor Closely
High Impact
Monitor Closely
Monitor Systematically and
prevent at source
The Corruption Interaction Framework
The corruption interaction framework role is identifying different forms of corruption by distinguishing-
between:
10
At what level/process and between which sets of actors different types of corruption are likely
to be found. The nature of corruption is likely to be different at these interfaces.
Using the framework involves locating types of perceived or known corruption to the appropri-
ate cell, specifying the type of corruption (checking definitions) and the parties (always at least
two) involved.
Public-Public Public-Private Public-Consumer
Policy making & regu-
lation
Planning & budgeting
Donor Financing
Fiscal Transfers
Mgt & Program Design
Tendering
&Procurement
Construction
Operation & Mainten-
ance
Payment (for services)
The Corruption Risk Mapping
Comprehensive risk mapping tool breaks down corruption risks at process and sub - process level and links the risk with an action to reduce the risk (form below)
Similar to the Corruption Interaction Framework but in addition identifies:
• Early warning indicators: are ‘danger signs’ to watch out for that answer the question: “What would make the risk come true? These need to be measurable either by qualitative data (e.g. no
11
division between regulator & provider roles), others will be based on quantitative data (e.g. in-crease in price of informal water).
• Anti-corruption measures/tools to minimize the identified risk
Risk Area Corruption Risk Early Warning Indica-
tor
Anti-corruption tool
Policy making & regu-
lation
Planning & budgeting
Donor Financing
Fiscal Transfers
Mgt & Programme
Design
Tendering & Procure-
ment
Construction
Operation & Mainten-
ance
Payment (for services)
The Session Four was combined with session three. The topic "Tools for enhancing Water Integrity Laws, Advocacy, Anti-Corruption Programs" was carried by Jamal Al Salah covering
The Accountability strategies; including the vertical and horizontal strategies, including role of law.
Anti-corruption conventions; with explanation of binding and non binding agreements and conven-tions, with description of international treaties and regional conventions such as the General Assem-bly's resolutions, African Union Convention on pre-venting and combating corruption, SADC Protocol against Corruption (South African Development
Horizontal
Vertical External
12
Community) – and the United Nations Convention Against Corruption
Freedom of Information Laws; Sweden in 1766 implemented the first Freedom of Information law.
Anti-corruption institutions.
Risk Mapping working group
At the end of the session participants applied in working group the Corruption Risk Mappingana-lysis exercise, and carried presentation of each working group with comparison and discussion on the results. The results of the working group are given in Annex 3.
Comments and ideas from participants During the seminar, the main ideas captured from the discussions, interventions are as follow:
The TAP, Integrity principles, are tightly
linked and would never be separated and dif-
ficult to talk on priority of any of them on the
others,
Commitment should be considered also a
complement to TAP principles,
The main problem in Arab countries is lack of
participation,
Participation should not be restricted to
access to information but also an effective
involvement in decision making,
One important issue is how to make the participation of the civil society sustainable,
Public acceptance and awareness is a critical issue,
13
The problem of tansboundary water resources remain very complex issue,
Some participants did not accept the term “Corruption” and asked to talk about water management,
Information (secret) disclosure, insider trading, is a big problem in procurement and tendering pro-
cess.
Seminar Evaluation At the end of the session a brief evaluation took place, participants made quick verbal comments after
which they were invited to score on the board their evaluation as per criteria prepared on flipchart
boards.
1 2 3
Details of the Evaluation
1-
Very low
Low Medium High Very High
How Useful is the Water Integrity Concept
1 9 9
To which level do you think we succeeded to cover the topic 1 4 10 4
2-
Very low
Low Medium High Very High
Would you like to have 5 days training for middle staff 1 6 12
Would you like to apply Water Integrity Tools in your com-pany
6 9
3- Some participants made verbal feedback that was in general between positive to highly positive such as (this
is important topic for our work, or this is very important topic for our work). However with all positive feed-
back from all participants through the working session; the breaks and while carrying the group exercise, and
carrying the presentation of the group results, still one participant was not happy since the beginning, he
strongly opposed and denied the concept of corruption in water sector.
14
Comments and Recommendations of the Trainers: The Water Integrity is a relatively new concept worldwide and of course for the Arab region.It has been
titled so to consider the positive path and end
result towards more and better honest pro-
cedures in the water sector, and to avoid
keeping circling in the negative circle of Cor-
ruption, one more reason is to avoid the accu-
sation and offensive path in addition to avoi-
dingSensitivity by some people as appeared
by one of the participants in this seminar.
The training content/ manual has been pre-
pared for international context by interna-
tional and European Experts, however , the
issue is not pure technical to be applied any-
where or in any country, it is mainlytouching cultural and human behavior of human beings practicing
several responsibilities, duties, tasks and may be at all levels in the water sector.
Based on the above the trainers like to recommend:
The training material and content which is under translation into Arabic, should be more “Ara-
bized” and “localized” to be more cultural sensitive rather than only translation. Therefore the
training material has to be reviewed, the training content including the /slides and Powerpoint
presentations to be adapted to the local conditions and culture, including examples and photos,
local laws , treaties and conventions, and should be re-produced in the Arabic Language.
Encourage and support wide spread of the concept of Water Integrity in the Arab Region, espe-
cially in countries under high water scarcity and high cost of water services, or high and medium
signs of corruption in the water
sector.
Consider the potential of future
opposition to the topic, it might
be soft opposition but also might
be offensive … however opposi-
tion can be explain in many ways,
but at the end should be consi-
dered and prepared for with
calming strategies.
15
Annex 1 – Program
GIZ – ACWUA Regional Seminar on Water Integrity
held at the 5th ACWUA Best Practice Conference,
June 6, 2012 , Muscat – Sultanate of Oman
Time Title of Session Details
08:45 Registration
08:45-9.30 Opening, Introduction, Objectives, Methodology, Program
Session I 09:30 – 10:30
Governance and Water Integrity in MENA region
- Water Governance in MENA Region - The importance of Water Integrity
Coffee Break I – Group Photo 11:00 – 11:30
Session II 11:00 – 12:00
Integrity Principles in Water Sec-tor
- Impact and cost of corruption, - Pillars of Water Integrity (Transpa-
rency, Accountability, Participation)
Session III 12:00 – 13:00
Tools for Corruption Identifica-tion and assessment
- Drivers of Corruption - Corruption Risk Identification - Corruption Risk Mapping
Lunch Break 13:00 – 14:00
Session IV 14:00 – 15:30
Tools for enhancing Water Integr-ity
- Laws, Advocacy, Anti-Corruption Programs, AWIS …
- At Different Levels and Stages of Project.
Coffee Break II 15:30 – 15:45
15:45 -17:30 Group Discussions,
Areas of Application,
Next Steps
17.30 Closing
16
Annex 2 : List of Participants
No. Title Name Age Country Institution Duty Station Position Email Address
1 Mr. Hafez Battah 54 Jordan Miyahuna Amman Manager hbattah@miyahuna.jo
2 Mr. Micheal Morillon 55 Oman MEDRC Muscat Training Director morillon@medrec.org.om
3 Mr. Saleh Bin Rabaa 64 Yemen Freelancer Sanaa Consultant sbenrabaa@yahoo.com
4 Mr. Rifaat A. Wahaab 52 Egypt Holding Company for water and wastewater
Cairo Director rawahaab@yahoo.com
5 Mr. Najib Ahmad 56 Yemen LWSCA Aden Director Na-jib_20052025@yahoo.com
6 Mr. Monther Shoblak 50 Palestine Coastal municipal water utility
Gaza Director General Monther@cmwu.ps
7 Mr. Imad Masri 50 Palestine Nablus Municipality Nablus Manager efmasri@nablus.org
8 Mr. Ibrahim Almahdi Yemen Sanaayemen local corpora-tion
Sanaa General Director swslc@y.net.ye
9 Mr. Abdallah Chaouachi 50 Tunisia La SociétéNationaled'Ex-ploitation et de Distribu-tion des Eaux (SONEDE)
North Director a.chaouachi@sonede.tu
10 Mrs. Nadia Abdou 62 Egypt Individual (former Alexan-dria water company)
Alexandria Chairperson at ACWUA
n.abdou2011@hotmail.com
11 Mr. Simon Araj 57 Palestine Water Supply and Sanita-tion Association
General Manager saraj@wssa.heth.org
12 Mr. Imad Zurekat 55 Jordan Aqaba Water chief executive officer
ceo@aw.jo
13 Mr. Abdallah Biad 44 Morocco Office National de l'eau potable
Head Division abiad@onep.org.ma
14 Mr. Adel Haddad 45 Yemen Ministry of Water and Envi-ronment
Director Manager Adel.haddad@hotmail.com
15 Mr. Abdullah Al Washili 46 Yemen Hajjah Hajjah Director Manager alwashaliabdul-lah@yahoo.com
16 Mr. Mohammed Al Douis 47 Yemen Hajjah Hajjah Director Manager swsslc@hotmail.com
17 Mr. Fahad Gallab 38 Yemen AlBayolha Baida General Manager Fahd_pwsslc@yahoo.com
18 Mr. Imad Al Zeer 49 Palestine Hebron Municipality Hebron General Manager alzeerj@hotmail.com
19 Mr. Jarrah Al Zubi 40 Jordan Balqaa Applied University Salt Assessment Pro-fessor
jarzubi@hotmail.com
17
20 Mr. Khalil Ghabbeish 40 Palestine West Bank Water Depart-ment ( WBWD)
Ramallah Head of WBWD khalil@nwn.ps
21 Ms. Saja Khashman 24 Jordan/ Germany
University of applied sciences; Köln, Germany
Cologne Representative at world youth par-liament for water
Saja.khashman@gmail.com
22 Mr. Belhaj Hidi 56 Tunisia La SociétéNationaled'Ex-ploitation et de Distribu-tion des Eaux (SONEDE)
North President Direc-tor General
Hedi_belhaj@sonede.tu
23 Mr. Samir Ben Said Morocco Office National de l'eau potable
Casablanca Director General Samir.bensaid@gmail.com
24 Mr. Fouad Dehaoi 51 Morocco Office National de l'eau potable
Casablanca Manager fdehaoi@onep.org.ma
25 Ms. Sahar El Deeb 40 Egypt Cairo Water Company Cairo Sm.eldeeb@yahoo.com
26 Mr. Ibrahim Khalid ElSayed 59 Egypt Holding Company Water and Wastewater
North and South Sinai
Chairman drikhaled@gmail.com
27 Mr. Yehya Ashrey 52 Egypt Cairo Water Company Cairo General Manager Yehya.ashrey@gmail.com
28 Mr. Mohammad Awamleh 52 Jordan Miyahuna Company Amman Director Mohmedm10@yahoo.com
29 Mr. Tawfiq Sharbaji 60 Yemen Water Sector Support Pro-gram
Sanaa Director Tawfeeq0009@gmail.com
ACWUA – GIZ Team
30 Mr. Khaldon Khashman Jordan ACWUA Amman Go to: acwua.org
31 Dr. Thomas Petermann Germany GIZ, Deutsche Gesellschaft für internationale Zusam-menarbeit
Eschborn MENA WANT program
Thomas.petermann@giz.de
32 Mr. Ahmad Abu Salim Jordan ACWUA Amman
33 Mr. Mostafa Biad 46 Morocco ONEE (National Office of Electricity and Water)
Rabat-Morocco
Commercial de-partment
mostafabiad@gmail.com
34 Mr. Jamal Al Salah 55 Jordan INTERACTION – Al Salah Training and Consulting
Amman Manager interact@orange.jo
18
Annex 3 :Results of the Risk Mapping Exercise
Group Exercise :
• Break into groups (regional )
• Decide on Moderator
• Country Selection: Choose one country which some group members know well. One person describes the country situation
• Identify Risks: Complete corruption risk map. The task is to identify the top risks in every category/process and insert this in column 2. Add
early warning indicators and type of information needed to prevent the corruption risk anti-corruption tools in column 2 and 3 respectively.
19
Corruption Risk Map
Risk Area Main Risk Per Area Early Warning Indicators Main Source of Info Needed to Prevent/Detect Corruption
Anti-corruption Meas-ures
Policy-Making& Regula-tion
Plans not systematic Change in planning Evaluation of planned projects
Civil society
Media
Information disclo-sure
Community partici-pation
Hotline
Policy-Making& Regula-tion
Existing Overlapping responsibilities
Lack of legislation
Technical and adminis-trative abuse
Number of unconfor-mities
Periodic reports
Amend the regula-tions and legislation
Policy-Making& Regula-tion
Lobbying Common interests,
paid travels and Social events
media
civil society
customer protection NGO’s
Third party involve-ment (civil society)
Policy-Making& Regula-tion
Loss of rights (rights abuse)
programs Not relevant to reality
different complaints
Grievances
Difficulties in policies implementation
Critics in different local /regional authorities
Civil society
Participation en-hancement in poli-cies and implemen-tation
Lessons learned from similar experiences
Policy-Making& Regula-tion
Unclear regulations
No visibility
Weakness of legislation
Different complaints
Employees behaviors
E&M departments
Civil society
Pay attention and analyze rumors
Individual follow-up at work
Employees (respon-sibles) rotation
20
Risk Area Main Risk Per Area Early Warning Indica-tors
Main Source of Info Needed to Prevent/Detect Corruption
Anti-corruption Meas-ures
Planning and Budgeting Uncertainty or unclear budget
Complex proce-dures
Budget approval
Yearly evaluation
No access to In-formation
Auditing organization (Finan-cial court)
List of projects with schedules
Media
Civil Society
Planning and Budgeting Improvisation
appointments
Lack of studies Indicators of the sector
Civil soceity
Media
Needs assessment stu-dies
Donor Financing Direct Finance
Increase of interest value
Technical assistance
Delay in imple-mentation
Lack of documen-tation
Allocation of funds compared to other sectors
Agreement related to the funds
M&E reports
Civil society
Media
Prioritizing budgeting among sectors
Donor Financing Long period for implementa-tion
Exaggerated budget
Work not com-pleted on time
Comparing plans with actual executions
Periodical Reports
M&E
Community partici-pation
Information disclo-sure
hotline
21
Risk Area Main Risk Per Area Early Warning Indica-tors
Main Source of Info Needed to Prevent/Detect Corruption
Anti-corruption Measures
Tendering and pro-curement
Bribe
Fraud (in specifications)
Same tendering list
Same contractors
Unjustified in-crease of reve-nues
Evaluation Report
Multi-committees
Functions separation
Clear specifications
Tendering and pro-curement
Preparing of tendersand specifications
Awarding Bribery
Comparison of estimated costs and contractors offers
Procurement department
Tendering/ Evaluation report
Project department
Third parties
Application of strict pro-cedures
Integrity charters
Participation/involvement in all departments
Tendering and pro-curement
Series of tenders awarded to one bidder
Bid guarantees
Lack of informa-tion
Implicit Agree-ment between bidders
Results of bid awards
Evaluation report
Disclose rates of main items
Construction Weak Construction super-vision
Bribery, Gifts, paid travels
Financial follow-up
Weak follow-up
Absenteeism
Unjustified in-crease of reve-nues
Wealth signs
Auditing organization
Field work report
Revenue (wealth) declaration
Media
Civil Society
Pact of integrity
Choose the right man in the right place
Rules of procurement
Supervision procedures
Construction Works not complying with specifications
Weak follow-up
Bad works execu-tion
Comments/complaints of employees and customers
Bad service delivery
Clear supervision proce-dures
M&E rules
Clear specifications
22
Risk Area Main Risk Per Area Early Warning Indica-tors
Main Source of Info Needed to Prevent/Detect Corruption
Anti-corruption Measures
Operation and mainten-ance
Bribery, Fraud
Decrease/fluctuation of service quality and efficien-cy
Complaints num-ber and frequen-cy
Service delivery departments
Media
Reports/survey
Maintenance manage-ment system, GIS, auto-matisation
Operation and mainten-ance
Operation cost increase
Decrease of life-cycle ( equipment)
No sustainability
O&M indicators (high costs)
Failures frequency
Service cutting
Complaints
Damage in facilities
Media
Manuals for O&M,
Benchmarking
Capacity building
Application of O&M procedures
Service Payments Bribe, Fraud Free services Illegal connections
No access to In-formation
Unjustified in-crease of reve-nues
Metering
Complex proce-dures
Media
Civil Society
Customer contract analysis
Information disclosure and Awareness
Participation
23
Impressions from group work
Recommended