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Section 3: Metals. What are the physical properties of metals? How does the reactivity of metals change across the periodic table ?. Properties of Metals. Physical Properties Luster—shiny or reflective Malleability—can be shaped without breaking Ductility—can be stretched or rolled out - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Chapter 4 Elements and the Periodic Table
Section 3:Metals
What are the physical properties of metals?How does the reactivity of metals change across the periodic table?
Chapter 4 Elements and the Periodic Table
Properties of MetalsPhysical Properties
• Luster—shiny or reflective
• Malleability—can be shaped without breaking
• Ductility—can be stretched or rolled out
• Conductivity—electricity and heat move through it
Chapter 4 Elements and the Periodic Table
Properties of MetalsChemical Properties
• React by losing electrons
• Are less reactive toward the center of the table
• Many corrode with air or water
Chapter 4 Elements and the Periodic Table
Properties of Metals
Chapter 4 Elements and the Periodic Table
Metals in the Periodic TableAlkali Metals• Group 1• Lose 1 electron in reactions• Most reactive metals• Very soft
Chapter 4 Elements and the Periodic Table
Metals in the Periodic TableAlkaline-Earth Metals• Group 2• Lose 2 electron in reactions• 2nd most reactive metals• Hard, grey-white, good conductors of electricity
Chapter 4 Elements and the Periodic Table
Metals in the Periodic TableTransition Metals• Group 3-12 “the center”• Less reactive metals• Form minerals in lava and rock • Can corrode slowly• Hard, shiny, good electric conductors
Chapter 4 Elements and the Periodic Table
Metals in the Periodic TableMixed Group Metals• Group 13-15• Reactive metals• Common
Chapter 4 Elements and the Periodic Table
Melting Points in a Group of Elements
The properties of elements within a single group in the periodic table often vary in a certain pattern. The following graph shows the melting points of Group 1 elements (alkali metals) from lithium to francium.
Chapter 4 Elements and the Periodic Table
Melting Points in a Group of Elements
Melting points decrease from lithium to francium.
Reading Graphs:
As you look at Group 1 from lithium to francium, describe how the melting points of the alkali metals change.
Chapter 4 Elements and the Periodic Table
Melting Points in a Group of Elements
New element 119 should have a melting point of approximately 25ºC or lower.
Predicting:
If element number 119 were synthesized, it would fall below francium in Group 1 of the periodic table. Predict the approximate melting point of new element 119.
Chapter 4 Elements and the Periodic Table
Melting Points in a Group of Elements
Cesium, francium
Interpreting Data:
Which of the alkali metals are liquids at 35ºC?
Chapter 4 Elements and the Periodic Table
End of Section:Metals
Chapter 4 Elements and the Periodic Table
Section 4:Nonmetals, Inert
Gases, and Semimetals
What are the properties of nonmetals and inert gases?
Chapter 4 Elements and the Periodic Table
Properties of NonmetalsPhysical Properties
• Opposite of metals
• Most are gases
• Solids are poor conductors, dull, brittle
Chapter 4 Elements and the Periodic Table
Properties of NonmetalsChemical Properties
• Gain or share electrons when reacting
• The basis for living things.
Chapter 4 Elements and the Periodic Table
Families of NonmetalsCarbon Family• Gain or share 4 electrons when reacting• Carbon is essential to molecules of life.
Chapter 4 Elements and the Periodic Table
Families of NonmetalsNitrogen Family• Gain or share 3 electrons when reacting• More reactive than the carbon family
Chapter 4 Elements and the Periodic Table
Families of NonmetalsOxygen Family• Gain or share 2 electrons when reacting• More reactive than the nitrogen family
Chapter 4 Elements and the Periodic Table
Families of NonmetalsHalogenFamily• Gain or share 1 electrons when reacting• Most reactive of ALL element groups• Salt forming elements
Chapter 4 Elements and the Periodic Table
Families of NonmetalsInert (AKA Nobel) Gases• Do NOT react • Last to be discovered
Chapter 4 Elements and the Periodic Table
Families of NonmetalsHydrogen• NOT in any family of elements• Will lose or share its only electron in reactions• Most pure hydrogen found in stars
Chapter 4 Elements and the Periodic Table
End of Section: Nonmetals, Inert Gases,
and Semimetals
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