Second Midterm Review

SECOND MIDTERM REVIEWCS 580Human Computer Interaction

Question 1

What is Paradigm?

Paradigm Definition• The way you see something• Your point of view• Frame of preference or belief• The way we understand and interpret the world• It’s like a map in our head

Question 2

The paradigm describes reality, not only one aspect of reality

Answer 2 • Correction: The paradigm does not necessarily describe

reality, and at best only describes one aspect of reality.

Question 3

What is paradigm shift?

Paradigm Shift• Paradigm shift is the way of looking at something differently

• A paradigm shift is a sudden change in point of view.

Question 4

What was the initial paradigm in Computers and what was its paradigm shift

Initial Paradigm in Computers and its Paradigm Shift

The initial paradigm is Batch processingAnd the paradigm shifts were Timesharing

and Networking

Question 5 What is the definition of Computer Supported

Cooperative Work (CSCW)

Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW)

• Software tools and technology to support groups of people working together on a project

• Example: Electronic Mail

Question 6

DefineThe World Wide Web (WWW)

The World Wide WebAll the resources and users on the Internet that are using the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

Question 7 What is Ubiquitous Computing?

Ubiquitous Computing• Definition: information processing integrated into everyday

objects and activities.  • The word ubiquitous mean "existing everywhere."

Question 8

What is Context-aware Interaction?

Context-aware InteractionContext-aware is linking changes in the environment with computer systems

Question 9

What is design in HCI?

Design in HCI• It is a process:

a goal-directed problem solving activity informed by intended use, target domain, materials, cost, and likelihood

a creative activitya decision-making activity to balance trade-offs

Question 10

List the Interaction Design activities

Interaction Design activities 1. Identifying needs and creating requirements

2. Developing alternative designs

3. Building interactive versions of the designs like a prototype

4. Evaluating designs

Question 11

List the Design Interaction Issues

Design Interaction Issues1. Who are the users?

2. What are ‘needs’?

3. Where do alternatives come from?

4. How do you choose among alternatives?

Question 12

How to know your users?

Know you USERS

who are they? talk to them watch them use your imagination

Question 13

Who are the USERS/STAKEHOLDERS?

USERs/STAKHOLDERs

1. those who interact directly with the product2. those who manage direct users3. those who receive output from the product 4. those who make the purchasing decision 5. those who use competitor’s products

Question 14

How to specify your user’s needs?

User’s Needs• Look at existing tasks:

1. their context, eg. background, situation, …

2. what information do they require?

3. who collaborates to achieve the task?

4. why is the task achieved the way it is?

Question 15

How do you generate alternatives?

How do you generate alternatives?1. ‘Skill and creativity’: research & creation

2. Seek inspiration: look at similar products or look at very different products

Question 16Seeking inspiration can be done by looking at

similar products or looking at very different products

Answer 16

Question 17

List the steps in process design?

Design Process1. requirements2. analysis3. design4. repetition and prototyping5. implementation and deployment

Question 18

What are scenarios in design?

Scenarios• stories for design

• communicate with others• validate other models• express dynamics

Question 19What are tools that can be used for screen design

and layout

Design Tools• grouping of items• order of items • decoration - fonts, boxes etc.• alignment of items• white space between items

Question 20

What is affordance?

AffordanceVisual clue to a function of an object

Question 21Choose the good design and give reasons

Topic

Body

Topic

Body

Question 22What is Prototyping

PrototypingDemonstration of the final production design

Question 23

What is Software Engineering?

Software EngineeringThe discipline for understanding the software

design process, or life cycle

Question 24 Give examples of lifecycle models from software

engineering perspective and from HCI perspective

Answer 24• from software engineering: waterfall, spiral, iterative

• from HCI: Star, usability engineering

Question 25What are the phases in software lifecycle

Software Lifecycle Phases• Requirements phase• Specification phase• Design phase• Implementation phase• Integration or “testing” phase• Maintenance phase

Question 26What’s the difference between requirements and

design

Answer 25Requirements Design

Statements of what the system should do (or what qualities it should have)

A description of how we will implement a solution

Question 26What’s the difference between verification and

validation

Verification and Validation  Verification Validation

designing the product right

designing the right product

Question 26What are the Flaws (FAULTS) of the Waterfall

Flaws (FAULTS) of the Waterfall

• Need iteration and feedback• Inflexible• Doesn’t emphasis risk, quality, and prototyping

Question 26What’s the advantage of spiral model over

waterfall model

Spiral Model• Spiral model emphasize the following:

Risk analysis Prototyping Iterative framework allowing ideas to be checked and evaluated

Question 27What are the techniques used for prototyping?

Techniques for Prototyping• Storyboards

• need not be computer-based• can be animated

• Limited functionality simulations• some part of system functionality provided by designers

• Warning about iterative design• design inactivity – early bad decisions stay bad• diagnosing real usability problems in prototypes….

Question 28What is the definition of Design Rationale

Design RationaleDesign Rationale is information that explains why

a computer system is the way it is.

Question 29Design for usability goal is to know how easy is the design for people to use, learn to use, recall how

to use the system

Answer 29

Question 30

What are the usability objectives

Usability Objectives1. Identify Usability and User Experience goals.2. Apply usability rules and guidelines for

designing human-computer interaction.3. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages

and design considerations of four types of user interaction mechanism: menus, form fill-in, command language, and direct manipulation.

Question 31

What are the principles of usability

Principles of Usability• Learnability• Flexibility• Robustness

Question 32

What are the principles of learnability?

Principles of Learnability1. Predictability2. Synthesizability3. Familiarity4. Generalizability5. Consistency

Question 33

What is Dialogue Initiative

Dialogue initiative• Dialogue initiative is when the system allows the user to interact with it by granting the user total access without restrictions or constraints

Question 34

What is the definition of Multi-threading

Multi-threading .

Multi-threading allows the user to work on different sites or applications at the same time.

Question 35

What does Migratability mean

MigratabilityIt refers to the transfer of control for execution of

tasks between system and user.

Question 36

What does SUBSITIUIVITY mean

SUBITIUVITYIt is about the layout of the input or output that the

user requires from the system.

Question 37

What does Customizability

CustomizabilityIt is how a user or the system changes the user

interface.Example: hotmail interface

Question 38How can you ensure the ROBUSTNESS

(Strength) of the system

ROBUSTNESS principles1. Observability2. Recoverability3. Responsiveness4. Task conformance

Question 39