SE Asia Bennett G9. Pagan Civilization Pagan Location: along the Irrwaddy River, Myanmar
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- SE Asia Bennett G9
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- Pagan Civilization
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- Pagan Location: along the Irrwaddy River, Myanmar.
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- Pagan Achievements Controlled fertile rice growing lands.
Rulers rich and powerful Buddhist missionaries.
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- Vietnam: Eastern part of mainland peninsula, South of China,
along the Red River Delta
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- Vietnam Location
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- Vietnamese Achievements Freed 65 towns from the Chinese Chinese
culture influenced art, poetry, and customs and language. Confucian
philosophy. Independence in 939 AD from China.
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- Khmer Kingdom Cambodia, Mekong River Delta
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- Khmer Achievements One of the most powerful kingdoms of SE
Asia. Created a writing system. Lived in large cities because of
successful farming Golden Age Contact through Indian trade
(cultural diffusion). Built temples Engineers built water systems,
canals, and reservoirs.
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- Tai Kingdoms- Thailand
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- Tai Kingdom Achievements Expanded through fighting the Mongols.
Created a capital. New dynasty with Bangkok as their capital People
still recognize the royal family. Never imperialized by European
power.
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- Island Empires
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- Island Empires Achievements Profited from the Spice trade
Controlled the Strait of Malaca. Worshipped Hindi gods.
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- Patterns of Life in SE Asia and Imperialism Religions/Belief
Systems Animism- all things on Earth have spirits Hinduism- from
India Buddhism- From India and China Islam Majority religion in
Malaysia and Indonesia Christianity Majority of Filipinos are
Catholic- brought by the Spanish.
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- Economics Rice major food. Wet rice farming Dry rice farming
Fishing very important Most villages are located along or next to
rivers
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- Social life Men superior to women. In Vietnam, women could
choose who they married.
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- European Influence- Imperialism in Southeast Asia What is
imperialism? 1500s- Portuguese were the first to explore SE Asia.
Began trading for spices. SPICE ISLANDS Europeans were jealous of
the Arab traders getting rich off of these islands.
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- 1700s-1800s: More European countries show interest in SE Asia.
Wanted tea, sugar, coffee, raw materials for industrial
revolution
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- The Dutch in Java Effects
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- British in Malaya Effects
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- Vietnam Effects
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- Cambodia
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- Laos Effects
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- Philippines Effects
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- A New Political Map Growing Nationalism Nationalism= Japan took
over most of SE Asia during WWII. At first, people were happy to be
rid of European powers. Then, Japanese turned on the people of SE
Asia. Tortured and killed civilians, exploited their resources for
the war and burned down Buddhist monasteries. SE Asian Nationalists
fought back. By 1945, many were well-armed, experienced guerilla
fighters.
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- After Japans Defeat in WWII Peaceful Transitions U.S. gives the
Philippines independence in 1946. Britain gives up Burma. Malaya
Took the name Malaysia in 1963. Indonesia Dutch fought to regain
control of Indonesia. Indochina French fight to regain control
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- Challenges for New Nations Little experience with self-rule
because of colonization. Unifying diverse populations was a
challenge. Economic problems
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- Philippines Income inequality from Spanish rule. Encomienda
system: Huk rebellion. Huks=communists. Fought the government U.S.
helped squash the rebellion.
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- Huk Rebellion
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- Cold War Following WWI, Vietnamese nationalists pushed for more
independence from France. Ho Chi Minh emerged as the leader of the
independence movement in Vietnam. Goals: build a communist
government and win independence. Ho and the nationalists fought
against the Japanese in WWII. After WWII, tried to expel the French
from Vietnam. For 8 years, they fought the French.
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- Ho Chi Minh
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- Vietnam Soviet Union and China supported Ho and his
nationalists because he was a communist. United States supported
the French because they did not want Vietnam to fall to communism=
domino theory. France withdrew from Indochina in 1954. Communists
now controlled North Vietnam. A non-communist government was set up
in South Vietnam led by Ngo Dinh Diem
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- Vietnam War Diem was supported by the U.S. Underground group of
communists in the South called the Viet Cong or VC tried to
overthrow Diem. Diem assassinated in 1963
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- Vietnam War US starts sending special military advisers into
Vietnam in 1963. Ho responds by secretly sending North Vietnamese
troops into the south through Laos and Cambodia. 1964- two American
patrol ships are attacked in the Gulf of Tonkin. Congress passes
the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution- gave President LBJ the power to use
force in Vietnam.
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- Vietnam War US sends 500,00 troops. Viet Cong continue to fight
effectively- backed by USSR and China. War spread to Laos and
Cambodia along the Ho Chi Minh Trail. Americans leave Vietnam in
1975 and the south fell to the Viet Cong. U.S. cut off supply and
trade and Vietnams economy suffered for decades.
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- Tragedy in Cambodia After fall of Saigon, Cambodia falls to the
Khmer Rogue and Pol Pot. Khmer Rouge= communists. Pol Pot sets out
to expel all foreigners from Cambodia. Forced people out of the
cities and into the countryside Many died of starvation.
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- Khmer Rouge
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- Genocide in Cambodia Pol Pot sought to kill anyone who did not
agree with his communist party. During his reign, 2 out of 7
million Cambodians were systematically murdered= genocide. Pol Pot
was overthrown by Vietnamese and Cambodian forces in 1979.
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- The Killing Fields
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- Pol Pot Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K1_foA2mvTw
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- Aftereffects of the War (Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos) Killed
millions of SE Asians Destroyed roads, bridges, and irrigation
systems. Chemicals used by the U.S. destroyed trees and plants.
Many refugees left Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia to settle in Thailand
and Hong Kong.
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- Agent Orange
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- Before and After Exposure to Agent Orange