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Guidelines for Interim On-Site Storage ofPhased-Out Mercury-Containing Devices
from Healthcare
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Outline
Key Properties of Mercury Related to StorageElements of On-Site Storage Guidelines
Siting
DesignSignageContainers for different types of mercury wastePractices
Interim Central Storage Facility
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Key Properties of Mercury
Density13.5 g per cm 3 at 25 0CVolume corresponding to 23.5 kg: 1.7 liters Hg
Surface tension485.5 dynes/cm in air formation of droplets
Mobility
Formation of alloysTin, copper, gold, silverMaterials resistant to Hg at room temperature
Iron, steel, plastics, rubbers, glass, ceramics
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Mercury droplets ona carpet
Mercury vapors from the carpet seenunder ultraviolet light and
a fluorescent screen
Bowling Green State University: http://wbgustream.bgsu.edu/bgsu/epa/index-fl.html
Note: Mercury vaporization rate doubles every 10°C rise in temperature.
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Key Properties of Mercury
Toxicity• Occupational exposure limit:
0.02 mg of Hg vapor per m 3 in air• Air saturated with mercury at 25°C is
1000 times higher than theexposure limit
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Elements of a Proposed Guidelines for
Interim Mercury Storage
Siting
DesignSignageSpecific guidelines for different types of mercurywasteProcedures
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Siting
Secure restricted area (to prevent theft)Readily accessible to mercury waste handlersSeparate from regular or infectious wastestorage areas
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Design
Enclosed area (roof and walls)Locked doorProper size (based on amount of waste to be stored plusspace for materials movement)
VentilationExhaust vent leads to the outsideaway from peopleExhaust vent is not near any air intake vents
Ventilation control that can block air circulation backinto the facilityExhaust fan capable of (600/Q) air changes per hourwhere Q is the room volume in cubic meters
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Design
Seamless smooth flooring made of impervious material,for example:Polyurethane coated floorEpoxy-coated cementSeamless rubber
Bunding or spill containment tray on the floor below thewaste containers
Volume of the spill tray or inside the bund wall shouldbe at least 125% of the stored mercury volume
Storage areas should be kept cool and dry: < 25°C and< 40% humidity if metalcontainers are used
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Design
Spill kit, PPE and wash area should be near (but not in)the storage area
Personal protective equipment (PPE):Several pairs of rubber or nitrile gloves
Respiratory protection (see next slide)Safety goggles or protective eyewearCoveralls, apron, and other protective clothingDisposable shoe covers
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Design
Personal protective equipment (PPE):Respiratory protection:
Fit-tested full- or half-facepiece air-purifying respiratorwith mercury vapor cartridges, or
Face mask with sulfur or iodide impregnated activatedcarbon, or face mask made of sandwiched activatedcharcoal-impregnated cloth (Note that face masks thatdo not seal tightly around the face could allowcontaminated air to enter through the edges), or
Other specialty mask or respirator designed particularlyfor mercury, orIf no specialty masks are available : a face mask with a0.3 micron HEPA filter to capture amalgam particlesand mercury-laden dust (unfortunately, regular masks
will NOT protect against mercury vapor)
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SIGNAGE AND LABELING
Entry and exit doors marked with warning signs: “Danger:Hazardous Mercury Waste” and the skull -and-crossbonessymbolContainers labelled “Hazardous Mercury Waste” plus adescription of the contents and the initial date of storage
Danger:
Hazardous Mercury Waste
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CONTAINERS FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF
MERCURY WASTEGeneral approach
Primary container
Secondary containerLabelSpill containment tray
or bund directly under the containers
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EXAMPLES
UNBROKENmercury devices BROKENmercury devicesNON-SHARPS
mercury waste (e.g.,contaminated rag)
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EXAMPLES
Amalgam waste Elementalmercury wasteFluorescent lamps
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PRACTICES
All personnel involved in collection, storage,transport, and supervision of mercury wasteshould receive special training on mercurywaste management including spill cleanup.
Material Safety Data Sheets and InternationalChemical Safety Cards on mercury should bediscussed with employees.The most senior staff involved in a cleanup isresponsible for ensuring replenishment of thecontents of the spill kits.
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PRACTICES
The storage space should be inspectedevery month to check for leaks, corroded orbroken containers, improper methods of
storage, ventilation, the condition of the PPEand wash area, spill kit contents, andupdated records.Inventory records should be kept of the types
of mercury waste, descriptions, quantities instorage, and initial dates of storage.No smoking or eating in and around thestorage space.
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Some Elements of Transport Guidelines
Packaging requirementsSpecial permit/license for transporter
Certified training, proof of liability insurance, submitted
emergency response plans, spill kits, PPE, etc.Registered vehicle
Passed inspectionClosed design, correct size for the intended load
Bulkhead between driver cabin and bodySystem to keep load secure during transportSpill kit, first-aid kit, fire extinguisherPlacard
Routing plan, contingency plan, emergency phone, etc.
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Siting of an Interim Central Storage Facility
At least 150 meters away fromschools, hospitals, homes, foodprocessing, agricultural operations,rivers or lakes, fisheries
Secure area
Accessible to vehicles transportingmercury waste
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Design of an Interim Central Storage Facility
Size should handle maximum anticipated volumeof mercury waste, plus shelving space, aisles, etc.Measures to withstand floods, earthquakes,
typhoons, and other natural disastersClosely controlled access with an intrusiondetection and alarm systemAir conditioning to control temperature andhumidityHeat, smoke and fire detection andalarm system, plus a fire suppression
system
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Design of an Interim Central Storage Facility
At least four distinct and separate functional areas:Receiving area for receiving and presortingwaste, labeling, and documentation
Inspection area for checking for leaks,repackaging, etc.
mercury vapor detection andlocal exhaust ventilation
Storage area specific for mercury wasteAdministrative andrecord-keeping area
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Design of an Interim Central Storage Facility
Storage areaWarning signs on all doorsContinuous or periodic monitoring of mercury levels
Spill control features including floor sealant andcontainment dikesShelving and storage racks not above shoulder heightLighting, aisle space, stacking, arrangements of
containers, and labeling designed to facilitate inspectionand future transport to terminal storage
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Summary Points
Remember: surface tension, mobility,volatility, toxicity of mercuryRedundancy: primary container to preventleaks, secondary container in case theprimary container breaks, bund or trayUse proper PPE when handling mercurySeek practical solutions consistent with thebasic principles needed to protect health andenvironment
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UNDP GEF Guidance Document
GUIDANCE ON THE CLEANUP, TEMPORARYOR INTERMEDIATE STORAGE, ANDTRANSPORT OF MERCURY WASTE FROMHEALTHCARE FACILITIES
(latest revision: July 21, 2010)
Available from: www.gefmedwaste.org
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