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Rwanda Water Partnership
25 April 2012
Water Resource Management in Rwanda
“Everybody's business”
Trends in Rwanda
• Increased demand (irrigation/drinking)
• Ecological degradation (erosion,
deforestation)
• Flooding
• Drought
• Water contamination (mines, agro-chemicals)
>Use>Competition>Water stress
2Title
Game changer
3Title
Climate change
Western prov.
Southern prov.
Town ofKigali
Northern prov.
Eastern prov.
Global warming
Climate
• Increasing temperature
• Changing rain patterns
• Flooding
• Droughts
• Extreme weather events
• Sea level rise
• Erosion of soil and nutrients
• Changing agronomic conditions
• Changing crops• Different insects • Spreading of tropical
diseases: dengue, malaria, colera, yellow fever
• Respiratory and cardiac deseases
Consequences
Agriculture
Salud Health
Climate water- and food security
A minimum for drinking , cooking, washing 50 lts.
Minimum of 5 litres de
water/day
But, one person in the EEUU uses between 250 y 300 lts/day for
personal use and garden
One ha of wheat consumes between 5 y 16 millons lts (depending on climate and
tecnological level)
It is more:
1 bread = 40 lt.
1 yoghurt = 300 lt.
1 hamburger = 2,300 lt.
Climate water and food security
How many people are facing Food insecurity in Rwanda today?
1. Situation has improved since 2006
2. Currently: 1.9 million people live in
households that are either food insecure (0.4 million) or at risk of becoming food insecure (1.5 million) should one or more shocks occur
8
6.7 4.2
27.9
17.3
65.478.5
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2006 2009
acceptableborderlinepoor
Climate change and human development
It is vital to increase focus on adaptation climate change
Poor families have developed creative
strategies to cope with climate change
However, the current rate of CC creates high risks and vulnerabilities.
Vulnerability to climate change
10Title
• Vulnerable livelihoods1. Low income agriculturalists (24% of total
hh)
2. Agro laborers (19%)
3. Marginal livelihoods (4%)
• Refugees living in camps
• People living with HIV aids
• Other vulnerable households
Rwanda climate change assessment (REMA)
11Title
Rwanda Low carbon and adaptation strategy
12Title
Why IWRM?
Water is essential for socio-economic development
13Title
Future threats of high losses through
• Water insecurity
• More floods and erosion
• droughts
What is IWRM?
IWRM is a process which promotes the
coordinated development and
management of water, land and related
resources, in order to maximize the
resultant economic and social welfare in
an equitable manner without
compromising the sustainability of vital
ecosystems (GWP).
14
IWRM components
15
Integration of what?
Hydrological components: catchment, sources, surface and ground water, access, uses, distribution, quantity y quality.
Water soil and environment: processes of erosion, degradation, biodiversity.
Water-soil-ecosystem and socio- economic-cultural system: landuse planning, economic functions, other human activities.
Institutional integration. Dialogue between multiple actors, social arrangements, norms, conflict resolution, knowledge, and capacities.
16Title
Hydrological and administrative scales
17Title
Macro Water basin
Meso Catchment
Watershed /Micro watershed
National-international
District Province
Sector, Municipality
So, is integrality a luxury or reality?
Irrigation
TourismWater supply Waste water
Industry
Erosion
Flooding
Farmers
Integrated water management
nice but …
A former employer said:
• “If you want a something not to be realized: you tell them it
should be more integral”
• “Integrality is nice for philosophic deliberations but not apt for
practical action”
IWRM partial and IWRM complete
Complete IWRM
• Based in legislative and institutional reform and intersectoral
implementation (long term, political)
Partial IWRM
• Based on individual and institutional actions within the
catchment applying the WRM principles (practical, immediate)
20Title
IWRM and WASH: Integrated water chain
5
Recycling
2 Potabilization
Distribution
1 Production of
raw water
4Waste-water
Sewage
3
Service / use
Conventional water service
Partial IWRM in WASH
IWRM in Water Sanitation and Hygiene
5 Recycling
2 PurificationDistributio
n
1 Raw
water,
4 Waste water
3 Service /
use
Sustainable WASH services
Water source,
catchment, INtersectoral distribution (agriculture,
drinking water etc),Long term planning
Water balance
• Purification
tecnology• Operation
& maintenan
ce
• Sustainable,
equitable access
• Service provision
• Payment• Multiple
uses
• .Collection• Evacuation
, drainage • Costs of
collection
• Treatment• Recycling• Reintegrat
ion in nature system
• Nutrients• Economic
activities related to
waste water
• Methane capture
IWRM and WASH (Cluster)
Production of raw water
Service / use Waste water
Social organizations
Knowledge centres Universities,
vocational training
Private companies: spare parts;
polluters
Catchment
financial services
NGO´s
Value creation:
economic, social,
environmental
Government (policies)
Treatment & recycling-
Tourism companies
Regulator
Farmers
SNV Experience Bolivia:
National Catchment Management Plan
• Catchment considered as living space.
• Implementation based on: action, research, learning.
• Promotion of water users organizations and regional platforms,
with horizontal and vertical linkages.
• Main challenge: political interference. Strong need for decision
framework with agreed rules and process steps.
24Title
SNV experience Zimbabwe:
set up catchment councils
• Catchment Councils to safeguard users’ equitable access to-
and sustainable management of fresh surface water and
groundwater resources.
• Joint analysis and planning of Water Resources Development
and Management.
• Main challenge: intercultural communication. How to manage
disparate users with different sub cultures and disparate
interest (large farmers, peasant communities, city, industry,
parks,)25Title
Hydrological space for the people of Rwanda • hydrographical
network (2km/km2)
• Two hydrographical basins: The Nile basin and the Congo basin
26
Rwanda WRM strategy: The Mission
• The mission of the Government in the management of water
resources is to ensure protection, conservation, restoration and
rational use of water resources to meet the country’s medium
and long term socio-economic development goals.
27Title
WRM strategy: The principles
28Title
• Water is a finite resource
• Water is human right
• Water resource is an economic good
• Water is a social good
• Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM)
• Participatory management
• Catchment-based water resources management
• Impacts of climate change on the water resource
• Internationally shared water resources
Economic value
Social value
Environmental value
And now IWRM actions!
• Awareness raising?
• Information gathering?
• Building water reservoirs?
• Forestry?
• Organization?
• Low carbon economy?
29Title
Lead questions
1. How to increase the participation and involvement of the
stakeholders in implementation of IWRM at all levels.
2. How to improve the coordination of the various interventions
national and local level.
3. How to enhance the resilience of our communities to water
stress and climate change.
30Title
Useful sites for information
Rwanda institutional/policy WRM framework
RNRA http://www.minirena.gov.rw/spip.php?article135
(Old version of water law. No WRM strategy)
IWRM
GWP for theory about IRWM and toolbox.
• www.gwp.org
• IRC for partial IWRM
• www.irc.nl
Climate change
www.unep.org/climatechange/
Climate change assessment and low carbon strategy of Rwanda
• Rema www.rema.gov.rw
• FAO
31Title
SNV Water team
• Beatrice Mukasine (bmukasine@snvworld.org),
• Richard Nyirishema (rnyirishema@snvworld.org),
• Michiel Verweij (mverweij@snvworld.org)
32Title
Time Description Who8h00-9h00 Registration of participants Secretariat
9h00- :9h15 Welcome Remarks / Presentation participants RWP Chair
Opening remarks RNRA 9h15-10h00 Presentation: Rwanda WRM Policy, Strategy and Law Mr Kabalisa, D/DG WRM
10h00-10h20 Health Break
All participants
10h20-11h00 Open Discussion and Questions
Moderator
11h00-11h30 IWRM and water security SNV
11h30-12h00 Water security and climate change : Introduction of Bugesera Project
Mr SAFARI Patrick
12h00-12h30 Children from water vulnerability to water strength. presentation and discussion
SNV
13:00h-14h00 Lunch
All participants
14h-15h00 Breakout sessions: Thematic Group works All participants
15h00-15h30 Plenary: presentations from the Groups Moderator and secretariat
15h30-16h00 Election of new Rwanda Water Partnership ( Leadership Committee)
RWP
16h00-16h10 Conclusions and Way forward Closure
Mr SAFARI Patrick
16h10-16h30 Closing Remarks Chair RWP
Towards IWRM through collaboration and partnerships
Kigali 25th April 2012
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