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Rural Electrification Institutional Rural Electrification Institutional Experience: Case of TUNISIAExperience: Case of TUNISIA
Ahmed Ounalli(*)Director, Strategic Studies Group-STEG
Energy Week at the World Bank
6-9 March 2006
(*) ESMAP Study prepared by:
E. Cecelski, A. Ounalli, M. Aissa, J. Dunkerly
RURAL RURAL ELECTRIFICATION ELECTRIFICATION RATE BY REGIONRATE BY REGION
20042004
NORTH WEST96,6%
CENTER WEST96,8%
NORTH EAST97%
CENTER EAST97,9%
GRAND TUNIS97,5%
SOUTH WEST96,3%
HAMMAMET
SFAX
SOUSSE
GABES
GAFSA
TATAOUINE
KEBILLI
SOUTH EAST96,8%
BIZERTE
OVERAL Electrification Rate
98.9%
National Rural ER
97%
Origins of the ProgramOrigins of the Program
1962: Tunisian Electricity & Gas Company (STEG)
1973 – 1976: technical & economic studies lead to low cost three phase/single phase MALT
Tunisia’s Rural Electrification Program,1972-2004Tunisia’s Rural Electrification Program,1972-2004
Rural Electrification Rate%
616
28
48
7688
97
72-76 77-81 82-86 87-91 92-96 97-01 02-04
years
MALT ConfigurationMALT Configuration
1- Phase transformer
1- Phase MV branch
1- Phase LV lines
3- Phase MV main line
Three Pillars of Rural Three Pillars of Rural DevelopmentDevelopment
EDUCATION (human resource development and legal rights)
HEALTH (family planning)
RURAL ELECTRIFICATION (coordination with above)
Rural Village Electrified from a single-phase line
LOCAL LEVEL ACTORS AND MAIN LOCAL LEVEL ACTORS AND MAIN FUNCTIONSFUNCTIONS
Oumda/Rural households
Governorates Delegation
STEG-District
Represents rural hhlds
Political authorities
Implements electrification program
NATIONAL LEVEL ACTORS AND MAIN NATIONAL LEVEL ACTORS AND MAIN FUNCTIONSFUNCTIONS
Ministry of Economic Development and Commissariat Général de Dévelopment Rural (CGDR)
Ministry of Industry and Energy
STEG ANER National Solidarity
Fund (FNS), Presidential Fund
National Socio-Economic Plan: infrastructure investment for 5 years
Funding of Plan Define national program
for RE Implementation from
grid Implementation from PV Extra-budgetary funding
Responsibilities for Rural Responsibilities for Rural Electrification in TunisiaElectrification in Tunisia
M INISTRY OF INDUSTRYNational Com m ission
For Rural E lectrification
P D R -P D R IC G D R
S T E G D IS T R IC T A N M E R E G IO N A L O F F IC E
G O U V E R N O R A TD E L E G A T IO N
M INISTRY OF ECONOM ICDEVELOPM ENT
Presidential FundNational Solidarity
Fund
ANM E CENTRAL OFFICE
STEG CENTRAL OFFICE
Modern milk cow farming on an electrified farm
Silo for local wheat harvest located in rural area
Selection process: political levelSelection process: political level Five Year Plan targets areas for rural development
based on – income– unemployment– environmental quality– gender status– expected rate of return– costs of job creation – improved living conditions
Potential RE projects and beneficiaries identified within areas selected at regional level – linked with rural development plans (health, education,
water, roads)
Selection process: STEGSelection process: STEG
Construction of cost estimates by STEG at district level (site visits, feasibility study)
STEG provides cost scenario table to national level planners at MDE: Number of households and costs by cost level and by Governorate
MDE selects projects by setting cost ceiling
Five year plan is finalized and regional level receives funds
COST CEILINGCOST CEILINGCEILING INCREASE in TND/beficiary-project
3 000
2 200
1 2001 000
400700
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
77-81 82-86 87-91 92-96 97-01 02-06'
Financing Rural ElectrificationFinancing Rural Electrification
Regional Development Programme (PRD) Integrated Rural Development Programme
(PRDI) Presidential Fund National Solidarity Fund Since 1977: external debt (ADB, World
Bank, AFD, Kuwait Fund) Photovoltaic program: suppliers, WB
credits, NGOs
How connection to the grid is financedHow connection to the grid is financed
BUDGETARY FUNDS FOR AGREED CEILING (example of 9th Plan : 2200 DT ):
Ceiling US$1530 (2200 TND/beneficiary-cluster)
Household $140 up to $420
(200 up to 600 TND) depending on Region (spread over 36 bills= 72 months)
STEG $140 (200 TND) since 1987
Government up to $1250
(1800 TND) as a max, 82% of ceiling cost
EXTRA-BUDGETARY FUNDS (>2200 DT): - National Solidarity Fund - Presidential Fund
Trends in LV Household Tariff (Mill/kWh)
66
108
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Less than 50 kWh More than 50kWh
Installing an electric poleInstalling an electric pole
Reasons for Success - 1Reasons for Success - 1 National commitment:
– education, health, rural electrification with social equity
Integrated rural development context: – synergy effects of regional planning
process Effective institutional approach:
– well-defined, coordinated roles – fair, established procedures including
political
Reasons for Success - 2Reasons for Success - 2 Well managed and innovative utility:
– effective and efficient Lowering costs for rural electrification:
– capacity to adapt technology to meet Tunisian needs
Effective tariff policy: – financial viability
Complementary PV strategy: – commitment and coordination
Goal of providing electricity services to widely scattered rural populations in Africa is ACHIEVABLE
Need to adapt technology and financing procedures to local context
Need for strong and consistant support from the State
ConclusionsConclusions
THANK YOUTHANK YOU
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