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Rock
• Rock is a solid mixture of crystals of one or more minerals
• Rocks are categorized into 3 types on how they are made
• Each rock in each category is classified (named) by its TEXTURE and COMPOSITION
Igneous Rock
• Definition: Igneous rock is rock formed when magma cools and solidifies into rock. (Rock from Volcanoes)
• Extrusive vs. Intrusive– Intrusive Rock- When magma cools slowly under the earths
surface- causing large grained rocks– Extrusive Rock- when magma erupts from a volcano it is called
lava, lava cools quickly causing fine (small) grained rocks• Felsic vs. Mafic
– MAFIC: Low silicon level rocks which are dark colored rocks– FELSIC: High silicon level rocks which are light colored rocks
Igneous Rock Examples- special features
Pumice Basalt
Granite
Gabbro
ExtrusiveGrain size-formed outside quickly
IntrusiveGrain Size-formed inside slowly
Felsic- Mafic
Obsidian
Review Time
• Turn to your neighbor and explain to him/her what igneous rock is, and what the 4 types of igneous rock are.
• How are rocks grouped (3 ways)
Quiz Time
• Which of the following best describes this rock
• A Extrusive Mafic• B Intrusive Mafic• C Extrusive Felsic• D Intrusive Felsic
Sedimentary Rock• Definition: Rocks that form when sediments
are compacted and cemented together• Sediments are small fragments of rock –like
sand• Rocks must go through several steps before
they become sedimentary– Weathering– Erosion– Deposition– Compaction and Cementation aka lithification
Sedimentary Rock Examples and special featuresClastic- rock
fragments
Chemical- minerals and water
Organic- Made from shells, skeletons, fossils and minerals
Conglomerate- large fragments
Sandstone medium sediment
Chemical limestone Fossiliferous limestone
Quiz Time
• What is the best description of this rock?• A Clastic Sandstone• B Clastic Conglomerate• C Organic fossiliferous limestone• D igneous rock
Review Time
• Turn to your neighbor and tell them the difference between sedimentary and igneous rock.
Metamorphic Rock
• Definition: Rock that forms when the texture and composition of preexisting rock changes due to heat or pressure.
Fast Five Quiz
• Go as quickly, and as safely as you can to the right corner. The following words are associated with what kind of rock?
• A Sedimentary Rock• B Metamorphic Rock• C Igneous (Extrusive)• D Igneous (Intrusive)
Energy and the Changing earth
• We talked about how energy changes in food pyramids and food webs, and how that affects living organisms. Refresh:
___________ _____________________________
• now lets talk about energy and how earth’s rocks are affected- what is chemical/mechanical energy?
Decision Time
• Where and how can you see chemical/mechanical energy in this new system?
• Now that you have seen some examples of rocks, and you have seen the rock cycle. If you wanted to build a strong, long lasting monument to yourself for the world to see what type of rock would you use and why?
Mechanical Weathering
• Mechanical weathering: The breakdown of rocks by physical means- by ice, wind, water force, gravity, abrasion
Chemical Weathering
• Chemical weathering: the breakdown of rocks by chemical means into new substances- by soil, water, weak acids,
Compaction and Cementation
• Definition: The squeezing and solidifying (gluing) of sediments together to finally become rock.
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