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COPYRIGHT © 2006 THE BOEING COMPANY COPYRIGHT 2015 THE BOEING COMPANY
Simultaneous Approach Operations
With ICAO’s rules Today:
ONLY ILS/MLS procedures allowed
Localizer intercept minimum 2 nm prior to Glide Slope intercept
1,000 ft vertical separation prior to Localizer intercept
• Uses High-side / Low-side
for Course alignment
Results in noisier, less efficient
profiles, particularly for low side
Extended finals to build
vertical separation
Extended down-winds
Excessive level flight, particularly
downwinds and low side final
Low/slow downwind and final
> HIGH FUEL BURN
Environmental Impact :
COMMUNITY NOISE,
CO2 EMISSIONS
RNP established (RNPe)
3 COPYRIGHT 2015 THE BOEING COMPANY
Overview
• RNPe: Simultaneous use of RNP
approaches in airspace with other approaches
• Ability to use curved RNAV segments
• A rigorous and comprehensive safety case
is key to implementation and new rules
• Boeing developed a unique safety case suite
used recently in Seattle Greener Skies RNPe
• New ICAO rules; 2016 (?) revisions of
PANS ATM and SOIR documents
Benefits
• Significant fuel burn and emissions savings
• Exploit natural noise corridors
• Avoid operational issues; e.g.
TCAS RA nuisance alerting
• ILS Critical Area protection not required
What is Needed:
• RNP-capable aircraft (Operational Authority)
• Properly Designed RNP procedures
• ATC Authority for Simultaneous Ops with RNP
• Otherwise similar today’s SOIR
• Surveillance (but potential improvement)
• Communications
COPYRIGHT © 2006 THE BOEING COMPANY COPYRIGHT 2015 THE BOEING COMPANY
RNPe Operational April 2015 :
RNAV (RNP) AR M 16L and 34R
published late 2014
ALL Transitions Available
“Simultaneous
[in]dependent approaches
may only be conducted where
instrument approach charts
specifically authorize
simultaneous approaches
to adjacent runways”
Growing Interest and Progress in RNPe
RNAV (RNP) Z
A “public”
procedure with
Authorization Required
o US progress and plans
• FAA Controller Handbook ILS/MLS limitation (since 7110.65U, 2012)
• Seattle –Dependent spacing – Boeing completed safety and operational
assessment, FAA approved Waiver; operational in April 2015
Estimated Annual Savings (from Alaska Airlines)
RNPe
Today’s Operations
• Fewer Track Miles
• Lower Fuel Burn
• Less Emissions
First Experiences & Expectations
• Direct noise over less
inhabited areas
• Reduces over flights in Seattle
• Aircraft are higher longer
• Idle descents
• Population Exposure Count:
• Typical Track = 239,000
• Flown Track =52,000
COPYRIGHT © 2006 THE BOEING COMPANY COPYRIGHT 2015 THE BOEING COMPANY
o US progress and plans
• FAA Controller Handbook ILS/MLS limitation (since 7110.65U, 2012)
• Seattle –Dependent spacing – Boeing completed safety and operational
assessment, FAA approved Waiver; operational in April 2015
• Denver – Widely-spaced, Independent -
TCAS assessment and collision risk for AR procedures
• Atlanta - Fleet mix and alternate PBN specifications – TCAS, wake
encroachment and collision risk assessment for AR procedures
Growing Interest and Progress in RNPe
o US progress and plans – FAA plans operations beginning 2Q 2015
o Many other RNPe opportunities worldwide
Over 100 runways pairs at more than 60 airports could benefit
AMS CDG FCO JNB NRT SIN
ARN CGK FLL KIX ORD SLC
ATH CGN HEL KUL OSL STL
ATL CLT HKG LAX PDX SZX
AUH CTU HND LHR PEK TPA
BCN CVG HNL MAD PHL TPE
BKK DEL IAD MCO PHX XIY
BOS DEN IAH MEM PIT YUL
BRU DFW ICN MIA PMI YVR
BWI DTW JED MSP PVG YYZ
CAN JFK SCL
COPYRIGHT © 2006 THE BOEING COMPANY COPYRIGHT 2015 THE BOEING COMPANY
o US progress and plans – FAA plans operations beginning 2Q 2015
o Many other RNPe opportunities worldwide
o ICAO : Drafting Operational Authority for PANS ATM and SOIR
• Replacing RADAR with technology-agnostic surveillance
• Replacing ILS/MLS with “precision approach”
• Airborne collision avoidance system (ACAS):
Designing out of Nuisance RA’s
• Removal of “parallel” in some of the language -
• Allowing RNP during Simultaneous Operations, if:
Growing Interest and Progress in RNPe
COPYRIGHT © 2006 THE BOEING COMPANY COPYRIGHT 2015 THE BOEING COMPANY
35R
17L
35L
17R
NTZ B
610 m (2 000’)
The NTZ extends from the nearer runway
threshold to the point where vertical
separation is reduced
FAF
Runway Spacing
A
NOZ
C
The NOZ extends from the runway threshold to
the point where aircraft
are established
on the centre line
NOZ
C
FAF
RNP
E
RNP
D
any combination of instrument
approaches including:
1) a precision approach
2) an RNP AR APCH procedure, if:
a. the RNP (D and E) does not exceed
¼ of the distance between
runway centerlines (A), and
b. the RNP is equal to or less than NOZ (C)
3) an APV procedure with RNP segments that do
not meet 2)a and b above, provided that
a. the safety provided by the performance
and operational error mitigation are
satisfactorily demonstrated, and
b. the designated APV is demonstrated to
protect the NTZ from infringement during
normal operations to avoid nuisance
alerting
ICAO: Design Guidance for Simultaneous Use
Necessary
Safety Assessment
FAF
COPYRIGHT © 2006 THE BOEING COMPANY COPYRIGHT 2015 THE BOEING COMPANY
Modeling Based on
PBN Specifications
• Collision Risk
• TCAS
Nuisance
Alerts
• Wake
TCAS Frequency
Non-Normal Wake
Encounter Frequency
Normal Wake
Encounter frequency
Non-normal
Collision Risk
Total Collision
Risk
Safety Case
Elements
Comprehensive RNPe Assessment
Safety resulting
from Atypical
Residual Risk
• Integrity
• Availability
• Failure mode
Analyses
Normal Collision
Risk
Normal
Analyses
Non-Normal
Analyses
Nuisance TCAS
Frequency
Total Wake Encounter Frequency
Historical Data
Airp
lane F
light
Manual
PB
N M
an
ua
l
Safety Assessed
from Normal and
Non-Normal
(Atypical) Risks
COPYRIGHT 2015 THE BOEING COMPANY
COPYRIGHT © 2006 THE BOEING COMPANY COPYRIGHT 2015 THE BOEING COMPANY
AIR TRAFFIC ELEMENTS
• RNP AR APPROACH DESIGN
RNP specifications (PANS OPS)
Track design to meet environmental goals
Compatibility with other approaches in RNPe
Collision Risk
TCAS Nuisance Alert Rate
Wake Encroachment Avoidance
• ATC AUTHORIZATION FOR SIMULTANEOUS USE
Operational System and Environment
Description (OSED)
Operational Performance Assessment (OPA)
Based on Required Performance, RNP AR
Operational Safety Assessment (OSA)
Based on Hazard Identification and Mitigation
• FACILITY PREPARATION
ATC Policy and Procedures Document
ATC Training
Surveillance Display Mapping
RNPe: Making It Happen
COPYRIGHT © 2006 THE BOEING COMPANY COPYRIGHT 2015 THE BOEING COMPANY
AIR TRAFFIC ELEMENTS
• RNP AR APPROACH DESIGN
RNP specifications (PANS OPS)
Track design to meet environmental goals
Compatibility with other approaches in RNPe
Collision Risk
TCAS Nuisance Alert Rate
Wake Encroachment Avoidance
• ATC AUTHORIZATION FOR SIMULTANEOUS USE
Operational System and Environment
Description (OSED)
Operational Performance Assessment (OPA)
Based on Required Performance, RNP AR
Operational Safety Assessment (OSA)
Based on Hazard Identification and Mitigation
• FACILITY PREPARATION
ATC Policy and Procedures Document
ATC Training
Surveillance Display Mapping
AIRLINE/AIRPLANE ELEMENTS
• RNP AR Operations Authorization:
Requirements (e.g. AMC 20-26, AC90-101A)
RNP AR FOSA
Air Carrier Operational Application
Flight Crew Training
Database Management
• DATABASE MANAGEMENT
• FLEET MANAGEMENT
RNPe: Making It Happen
COPYRIGHT © 2006 THE BOEING COMPANY COPYRIGHT 2015 THE BOEING COMPANY
AIR TRAFFIC ELEMENTS
• RNP AR APPROACH DESIGN
RNP specifications (PANS OPS)
Track design to meet environmental goals
Compatibility with other approaches in RNPe
Collision Risk
TCAS Nuisance Alert Rate
Wake Encroachment Avoidance
• ATC AUTHORIZATION FOR SIMULTANEOUS USE
Operational System and Environment
Description (OSED)
Operational Performance Assessment (OPA)
Based on Required Performance, RNP AR
Operational Safety Assessment (OSA)
Based on Hazard Identification and Mitigation
• FACILITY PREPARATION
ATC Policy and Procedures Document
ATC Training
Surveillance Display Mapping
AIRLINE/AIRPLANE ELEMENTS
• RNP AR Operations Authorization:
Requirements (e.g. AMC 20-26, AC90-101A)
RNP AR FOSA
Air Carrier Operational Application
Flight Crew Training
Database Management
• DATABASE MANAGEMENT
• FLEET MANAGEMENT
RNPe: Making It Happen
ENHANCEMENTS
• Finalizing ICAO Guidance
• New NTZ alerting for curved approaches
• RNPe design guidelines for
RNP AR transitions TO ILS AND GLS
• Vertical or Lateral Separation
for Nearby Airports or Converging Runways
• Sequence and Spacing Tool ??
COPYRIGHT © 2006 THE BOEING COMPANY COPYRIGHT 2015 THE BOEING COMPANY
Collision Risk (NMAC frequency)
Performance
Modeling
for Collision
Fault tree of
causes Event tree of
mitigations
Resultant Risk from BOTH
Normal and Faulted Conditions per PBN Specifications
COPYRIGHT © 2006 THE BOEING COMPANY COPYRIGHT 2015 THE BOEING COMPANY
Eliminating TCAS Nuisance Alerts by Design
Fast-time
Performance
Models
When
Design and
Operations
Simulations
to Explore
TCAS activity
Where
Recommended