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Ring-Necked PheasantBison
BowfinSpotted SalamanderShag Bark Hickory
Wild LicoriceBy Bryce Woitas
Biodiversity in Minnesota
Male- adults are medium sized chicken like birdsLong pointed tailsWings longFace is red and bareHead has iridescent green on itKnown for a white ring around neckChest is maroon.Spurs halfway up legBody is brown, with some orange
FemaleMottled brown Small black spots on her backLong, pointed tail with black stripes or
“barring”
Reproduces – lays eggs, nests on the ground
Food—omnivore, scratches on ground digs with bill for seeds, grains, grasses, leaves, roots, wild fruit, nuts and insects
Predators—coyotes, foxes, hawks, owls, crows, stripped skunk, racoons
Habitat—grassland, agland, ditches, hedges, marshes, and woodland borders
Ring-Necked Pheasant cont.Population--increased 68 percent from
2011expected to harvest about 290,000
roosters this fall.Diseases--Botulism, Coccidiosis owl
typhoid, erysipelas, fowl cholera, avian tuberculosis, navel ill, crooked toe(young birds), Newcastle disease, eye infections and worms.
Ring-Necked Pheasant cont.Fun Facts—”harem-defense polygyny” one
male watches over a small group of females34 species or “races” of pheasantsKnown to stay on roost several days during
bad weather without eatingHunted or Harvested
Both- raised by game farms for sale for hunting or eating
Hunted by a person using a trained dog
BisonDescription
Male— length from 3.6 m to 3.8 mheight at the shoulder ranging from 1.67 m to 1.86
m.Shoulder hump and huge headFur color is brown, which can vary in shades Easier to see in the males is the longer hair in the
front of the body.Fur color is shades of brownBlack horns which curve up and in with sharp tipsHooves are black and round and splitT
BisonFemale Description
length 2.13 m to 3.18 m Tall at the shoulders 1.52 m to 1.57 m Huge head and shoulder humpSame type of coat, hooves and horns as maleFemale is smaller than the male
BisonHabitat– grasslands, open savannas of
North America. Found in some boreal habitats to semi-desert habitats. Mostly raised in MN. In the past they free ranged across southern MN.
Diseases-- Pink Eye, Malignant Catarrhal Fever r Johne’s Disease Capture Myopathy Calf Scours, Brucellosis, Bison Bovine, Viral Diarrhea, Bacillary Hemoglobinuria Anaplasmosis
BisonFood—graze year around, grass eaters may eat
sagebrush is grass is gone, need water every day
Population— only evidence of large herds are now found in MN from bones, rocks rubbed smooth and “wallows” from thousands of buffalo passing thru, currently herd s are captive in parks or privately owned
Reproduction–polygynous, dominant bulls tend group of females, Gestation is 285 days, live birth, baby drinks milk from mother
Hunted or Harvested—presently raised for meat or breeding programs
BisonFun Facts– Bison can be found at Blue
Mounds State Park and have a herd around 100 animalsOnce were a major source of meat and hides
for the United StatesAre considered a “keystone” factor in Prairie
communities
Predators—wolves, mountain lions and humans
BowfinDescriptionMale- and Female - medium-sized, greenish,
tubular, olive-green fish scale less head ,two barbels on its face dorsal fin stretches most of the length of its
backMn record size is 10 lbs 15 oz., can grow to 20,
and 3 feet longMales have a black spot circled in green at
base of their tail.
BowfinReproduction—male builds a nest of vegitation
piecesFemale lays eggs, male expresses milt, male guards
eggs, babies hatch then cling to bottom with their noses, male stays with babies for a few weeks
Food--fish, crayfish, insects, amphibians, and crustaceans
Predators—other predatory fish, and bowfish will eat other bowfish babies
Habitat--
Bowfin
Habitat– found in MN lakes and streamsLike slow-moving , clear water can live in swampy, weedy areas
Population—”Abundant” in MN
Diseases—
BowfinFun Facts—
Has the ability to breath air.Considered an “excellent fighter,” pulls
hard when trying to reel them in.
“A farmer once found a live bowfin in moist soil when he ploughed a field that had been flooded a few weeks before. In recent years, fish farmers have shown interest in making bowfin eggs into caviar.” http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/fish/bowfin.html
BowfinHunted or Harvested—not considered a
good food fish, fished for the sport, mostly caught in spring and early summer
Season/Regulations--Bowfishing May 1 to the last Sunday in February
Spotted SalamanderDescriptions-
Male and Female—They can be 6 to 7 3/4 inches long Males have longer thicker tails, tail fins noticeable Barely noticeable on the femalesMales are brightly colored during breeding seasonColor is black, bluish black, or gray ground color Yellow or orange spots on back and from head to tailBelly and sides are dark grey
Spotted SalamanderReproduction—Adults migrate to ponds in springMales nudge and rub femalesmale drops a spermatophoren, females walk
over them and pick them up with their cloacal lips
Female can lay up to 200 eggs in a clump, can be on top or under water
Clump is covered with a jelly-like coating to protect the eggs from predators
Eggs hatch in a few weeksThey hatch as larvae , grow 2 to 4 months
Spotted SalamanderFood—they eat:earthworms insects anything they can catch and swallow
Predators—foxes, fish, crows, snakes and bears
Spotted SalamanderHabitat— woodlands need ponds for breedingSpends time in other animal s burrows, comes out during heavy rains
Population—April 26, 2001 seven Spotted Salamander egg masses found in Nemadji State Forest
Diseases--gas bubble disease ,metabolic bone disease
Spotted SalamanderFun Facts— the oils from human hands are
toxic to salamandersEach salamander has a unique spot patternSalamander means “Fire Lover”Hunted or harvested- seasons &
regulations- originally giant salamanders were huntedPresent day salamanders may be purchased
in a pet store.
Shag Bark HickoryDescription—Also known as Carya ovata,
has loose-plated bark
Shagbark HickoryBark, leaves, fruit and seeds- has fruit or nuts that are 1 to 3 togetherindividual fruits are 3 to 6 cm in size ripens September thru October disperses its seeds thru December
Shagbark HickorySeed disbursement—monoecious and
flowers in the spring
Diseases—vulnerable to fireButt rot, Canker rot, trunk rot, anthracnose,
mildew, bunch disease, Crown gall, up to180 species of insects and mites can
infest affected by at least 133 known fungi
Shagbark HickoryEconomics- food for wildlife, coppice fuel wood,
charcoal-producing wood, hickory lumber used in furniture, flooring, and tool handles
Fun Facts– hickory is used for ladder rungs, dowelsMammals such as : chipmunks, black bears, foxes,
rabbits, and white-footed mice eat hickory nuts.Birds such as : mallards, wood ducks, bobwhites
and wild turkeys eat hickory nuts
Wild LicoriceDescription— Up to 3 feet tall Pale yellow flowers in thick clusters Leaves are compound with 11 to 19 leaflets Blooms June thru August Fruit is ¾ of an inch long and is covered in hooked prickles Turns brown by the end of summer Needs sun, moist fields, prairies
Wild LicoricePale yellow flowers in thick clusters
Leaves are compound with 11 to 19 leafletsBlooms June thru August
Wild LicoriceSeed disbursementFruit is ¾ of an inch long and is covered in
hooked pricklesTurns brown by the end of summer
Wild Licorice
Uses-- Used for medicinal purposes such as, cough, tuberculosis,
cough, some problems of tuberculosis, chest complaints like bronchitis, constipation, relieve inflammation in mucus membranes
Fun Facts— American Indians grew it for its roots which tasted like sweet
licorice. Many Chinese herbal formulas contain Wild licorice
Bibliography Ring-Necked Pheasant http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Ring-necked_Pheasant/id http://news.dnr.state.mn.us/2012/09/04/minnesotas-pheasant-index-up-68-percent-from-2011/
http://www.minnesotapf.org/page/1000/MN-Predators.jsp http://www.avianweb.com/pheasantdiseases.html Bison http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Bison_bison/ http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=mn+bison&view=detail&id=A1397859AFC556EC7E62
EABEB74AF26B3157A810 http://www.bisoncentre.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&id=42&Itemid=
43 Bowfin http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/fish/bowfin.html http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=female+image+of+bowfin+fish&view=detail&id=6B61
E2DFB2DAC60663C94A3DA4C4FE8999236935&qpvt=female+image+of+bowfin+fish http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/fishing/seasons.html# Spotted Salamander http://www.herpnet.net/Minnesota-Herpetology/salamanders/SpottedSalamander.html http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/reptiles_amphibians/salamanders/spotted.html http://www.buzzle.com/articles/spotted-salamander-facts.html http://www.shadescreek.org/Salamander%20Facts.html
Bibliography
http://www.na.fs.fed.us/pubs/silvics_manual/volume_2/carya/ovata.htm
http://www.google.com/search?num=10&hl=en&site=imghp&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=952&bih=503&q=shagbark+hickory&oq=shagbar&gs_l=img.3.0.0l5j0i24l5.1609.3922.0.5516.7.7.0.0.0.0.312.1030.0j3j1j1.5.0...0.0...1ac.1.h3SLEVriaLM
Spotted Salamanderhttp://www.herpnet.net/Minnesota-Herpetology/salamanders/SpottedSalamander.htmlhttp://www.dnr.state.mn.us/reptiles_amphibians/salamanders/spotted.htmlhttp://www.buzzle.com/articles/spotted-salamander-facts.htmlhttp://www.shadescreek.org/Salamander%20Facts.html
Shagbark Hickory
BibliographyWild Licorice http://www.google.com/search?
hl=en&safe=active&biw=952&bih=503&site=imghp&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=Minnesota+Wild+Licorice&oq=Minnesota+Wild+Licorice&gs_l=img.3...9532.14422.0.16969.13.5.0.0.0.0.407.1251.0j1j3j0j1.5.0...0.0...1c.1.f2H4kwE2Cyc
http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/wildflowers/wildlicorice.html
http://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/flower/wild-licorice
http://www.holoweb.com/cannon/wildd.htm http://www.cloverleaffarmherbs.com/licorice/
#sthash.Z4qHRVWP.dpbs
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