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RHIC : The Path Forward Presented to Quark Matter 2006 Shanghai, PRC Derek I. Lowenstein Brookhaven National Laboratory November 15, 2006. The Present RHIC. PHOBOS. BRAHMS. Jet Target. RHIC. PHENIX. STAR. RF. LINAC. NSRL. Booster. AGS. Tandems. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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1QM2006
D.I.Lowenstein
RHIC:The Path Forward
Presented to
Quark Matter 2006Shanghai, PRC
Derek I. LowensteinBrookhaven National Laboratory
November 15, 2006
2QM2006
D.I.Lowenstein
The Present RHIC
3QM2006
D.I.Lowenstein
RHIC
NSRLLINAC
Booster
AGS
Tandems
STAR
PHENIX
PHOBOSJet Target
RF
BRAHMS
RHIC – a high luminosity hadron collider
Operated modes (beam energies):Au–Au 10, 28, 31, 65, 100 GeV/nd–Au* 100 GeV/n Cu–Cu 11, 31, 100 GeV/np–p 11, 31, 100, 205, 250 GeVPossible future modes:Au – Au 2.5 GeV/n (AGS, SPS
c.m. energy)p – Au* 100 GeV/n (*asymmetric rigidity)
Achieved peak luminosities (100 GeV, nucl.-nucl.):Au–Au 581030 cm-2 s -1 (2x design)p–p 351030 cm-2 s -1 (7x design)Other large hadron colliders (scaled to 100 GeV):Tevatron (p – pbar) 251030 cm-2 s -1
LHC (p – p, design) 1401030 cm-2 s -1
EBIS
Electron cooler
4QM2006
D.I.Lowenstein
Delivered luminosity and polarization during last 5 years (Q3)
15%
34%46%
47%
65%
Expect x2 Au ion luminosity increase in the 2007 run
5QM2006
D.I.Lowenstein
The Evolution of RHIC
6QM2006
D.I.Lowenstein
Path ForwardShort term (2007-2008)
Luminosity increase Stochastic cooling complete Increase number of bunches
>x2 for ions; >x2 for polarized protonsMid term (2009-2010)
RHIC II Phase 1 efforts completed EBIS injector operational Major detector upgrades completed
RHIC II Phase 2 efforts started electron cooling construction started
Longer term (2011-2015) RHIC II completed eRHIC Project started
7QM2006
D.I.Lowenstein
Goals for RHIC Enhanced Design Performance (2008*)
1. Au-Au L store average= 8 x 1026 cm-2s-1 @ 100 GeV/n
2. p -p L store average=150 x 1030 cm-2s-1 @ 250 GeV
3. P store average = 70%
4. 60% of calendar time in store = 100 hours/week
5. *First 250 GeV p-p physics run currently scheduled for 2009.
8QM2006
D.I.Lowenstein
Stochastic cooling can counteract IBS by keeping the emittance constant while electron cooling will shrink the emittance.Improves RHIC performance by providing more luminosity (20-50%) improved vertex size, and longer stores and reduced number of refills. Improves productivity.
Time domain (oscilloscope) and frequency domain (spectrum analyzer) measurements confirm cooling
Cooling time about 1 hour
Bunch profile before (red) and after (blue) cooling, Wall Current Monitor
Schottky spectrum before cooling: blue traceSpectrum after cooling: red trace
Stochastic cooling of a high frequency bunched beam has been observed for the first time.
9QM2006
D.I.Lowenstein
EBIS Injector Project New RHIC preinjector system: EBIS replaces 30+ year old tandems
Joint DOE and NASA funded project. Construction begun in 2006. Improves performance
Extends mass range to uranium Allows for polarized He3 injection
Commission in 2009
EBIS test stand
10QM2006
D.I.Lowenstein
The RHIC experiments have learned to utilize elemental QCD processes generated in the collisions themselves, such as…
• formation and transport of heavy quarks, and quarkonium bound states
• fragmenting jets from high energy partons
• high energy photons
Typically these are rare probes:Future progress requires well-defined improvements in detector capability and machine performance. T. Ludlam
q
q
Why RHIC II ?
11QM2006
D.I.Lowenstein
RHIC II electron cooling
Electron cooling of ion beamsIncreases the luminosity for heavy ions by a factor of ten
Based on a high energy, 54 MeV and 50 mamp, energy recovery linac (ERL) and a superconducting photoelectron gun
Preparing for DOE CD0 decision in early FY2007
Superconducting RF Cavity Ampere Superconducting RF Gun
12QM2006
D.I.Lowenstein
Electron-cooling facility at IP2
ERL
RHIC triplet
Cooling region
100 m
RHIC triplet
ERL
Electron cooling R&D
13QM2006
D.I.Lowenstein
A New Generation of DIS: High luminosity polarized Electron-Nucleon/Electron-Ion Collider
• Gluon and sea quark polarization• The role of orbital angular momentum
• Gluon momentum distributions in nuclei• Gluons in saturation• The color glass condensate
Electron-proton collisions
Electron – Ion collisions
T.Ludlam
Why eRHIC?
14QM2006
D.I.Lowenstein
eRHIC at BNL
A high energy, high intensity polarized electron (and positron) beam to collide with the existing heavy ion and polarized proton beam.Would significantly enhance RHIC’s ability to probe fundamental, universal aspects of QCD
•Ee = 10 GeV (~5-12 GeV variable) TO BE BUILT•Ep = 250 GeV (~50-250 GeV variable) EXISTS•EA= 100 GeV/nucleon (for Au) EXISTS•At least one new detector for ep & eAAt least one new detector for ep & eA TO BE BUILTTO BE BUILT
15QM2006
D.I.Lowenstein
eRHIC Design Concepts
simpler IR design multiple IRs possible Ee ~ 20 GeV possible1034 luminosity
Ring-Ring design Linac-Ring design
simpler ring design one IR possible less R&D effort1033 luminosity
2 designs are under consideration
16QM2006
D.I.Lowenstein
eRHIC Variable beam
energy Proton-to-uranium
ion beams! Proton, He3(EBIS)
polarization 1034 luminosity
eRHIC
Jlab12GeV
eRHIC CM Energy vs Luminosity
17QM2006
D.I.Lowenstein
eRHIC ZDR
Reviewed June 2005 (252 page document)
Collaboration: BNL, MIT-Bates, BINP & DESY
Goals: initial design, identify & investigate most crucial R&D problems for challenging luminosities and IR design
http://www.bnl.gov/eic
18QM2006
D.I.Lowenstein
Path Forward Schedule
RHIC II
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