View
236
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
7/30/2019 Rg008607 Cdma2000 1xev-Do Principle
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rg008607-cdma2000-1xev-do-principle 1/51
08.May. 2006
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.
www.huawei.com
HUAWEI Confidential
Security Level: Internal
RG008607 CDMA2000 1xEV-DO
Principle
7/30/2019 Rg008607 Cdma2000 1xev-Do Principle
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rg008607-cdma2000-1xev-do-principle 2/51
Chapter 1 Overview
Chapter 2 Air Interface
Chapter 3 Key Technology
Chapter 4 REVA Introduction
Contents
7/30/2019 Rg008607 Cdma2000 1xev-Do Principle
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rg008607-cdma2000-1xev-do-principle 3/51
HUAWEI Technologies Co., Ltd. Page *
Qualcomm gives up the development of the EV-DV chip, which improves thecommercialization of the EV-DO Rev.A.
The American CDMA carrier Sprint prefers the EV-DO to the EV-DV.
Most CDMA vendors cancel the development plan of the EV-DV.
1X: single 1.25MHz carrier
DO: Data Optimized
DV: Data & Voice
HRPD: High Rate Packet Data
1xEV-DO
DO Rev.ADO Rel.0 Enhancement
HRPD phaseI phaseII
CDMA2000 1XcdmaOne
IS95A IS95B IS2000 Rel.0 Rel.BRel.A Rel.C
1x EV-DV
Rel.D
The EVDO system is designed for the non-real-time, anisomerous and high-speed packet data
service.
FDMA (AMPS, Analog)
TDMA (incl. GSM)
CDMA
CDMA Evolution
7/30/2019 Rg008607 Cdma2000 1xev-Do Principle
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rg008607-cdma2000-1xev-do-principle 4/51HUAWEI Technologies Co., Ltd. Page *
CDMA 1x EV-DO Network Structure
Packet Control Function (PCF)
AN-Authentication, Authorization and Accounting (AN-AAA)
7/30/2019 Rg008607 Cdma2000 1xev-Do Principle
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rg008607-cdma2000-1xev-do-principle 5/51
Contents
Chapter 1 Overview
Chapter 2 Air Interface
2.1 Overview
2.2 Forward Link
2.3 Reverse Link
Chapter 3 Key Technology
Chapter 4 REVA Introduction
7/30/2019 Rg008607 Cdma2000 1xev-Do Principle
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rg008607-cdma2000-1xev-do-principle 6/51HUAWEI Technologies Co., Ltd. Page *
Stream
layer
Application
layer
Connection
layer
Session
layer
Security
layer
MAC
layer
Physical
layer
Functions:
• Application layer: For application of the air link
data and signaling
• Stream layer: For the QOS identification of the data
and signaling stream at the application layer
• Session layer: Establishes, maintains and releasesthe session between air interfaces
• Link layer: For obtaining, connecting and releasing
the system
• security layer: Encrypts the air interface
• MAC layer: Controls the access to the physical
channel• Physical layer: Specifies the structure of the
reverse physical channel
EV-DO Protocol stack
7/30/2019 Rg008607 Cdma2000 1xev-Do Principle
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rg008607-cdma2000-1xev-do-principle 7/51HUAWEI Technologies Co., Ltd. Page *
Communications Modes Between EV-DO Air Interfaces
Stream
layer
Applicationlayer
Connection
layer
Session
layer
Security
layer
MAC
layer
Physical
layer
AT AN
Layer X
Layer Y
Protocol A
Public Data
Protocol A
Protocol B Protocol B
Headers
Messages
Headers
Messages
Commands Indications Commands Indications
Public Data
Public Data Public Data
Communication Mode Between EV-DO Air Interfaces
7/30/2019 Rg008607 Cdma2000 1xev-Do Principle
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rg008607-cdma2000-1xev-do-principle 8/51HUAWEI Technologies Co., Ltd. Page *
Time
Link 1
Time
EV-DO Session
Link 2 Link 3 Link 4
PDU1 PDU2 PDU3
Time
Session dormancy
Forward and reverse
link channelassignment
Authentication and
MAC-Index
assignment
Assignment of UATI
PDU: Packet Data Unit
Data Transmission
Modes for Transferring Information at Air
Interface
UATI: Unicast Access Terminal Identifier
7/30/2019 Rg008607 Cdma2000 1xev-Do Principle
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rg008607-cdma2000-1xev-do-principle 9/51
Contents
Chapter 1 Overview
Chapter 2 Air Interface
2.1 Overview
2.2 Forward Link
2.3 Reverse Link
Chapter 3 Key Technology
Chapter 4 REVA Introduction
Cl ifi ti f F d Ch l & Sl t St t f F d Li k
7/30/2019 Rg008607 Cdma2000 1xev-Do Principle
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rg008607-cdma2000-1xev-do-principle 10/51
HUAWEI Technologies Co., Ltd. Page *
Forward Channel
PilotMedium
Access
Control
Control
Reverse
ActivityDRC
Lock
ReversePower
Control
The RA channel
and the RPC/DRC
Lock are in thecode division
multiplexing
mode.
Traffic
Classification of Forward Channels & Slot Structure of Forward Links
Time
division
The link
transmission is in
slots.A slot is 5/3
milliseconds.
A slot consists of
2048 chips.
The forward time
division is main and the
code division is
auxiliary.
7/30/2019 Rg008607 Cdma2000 1xev-Do Principle
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rg008607-cdma2000-1xev-do-principle 11/51
HUAWEI Technologies Co., Ltd. Page *
Data
400 chips
RPC/DRC Lock
RAB RPC/DRC Lock
RAB
Active Slot
64
RPC/DRC Lock
RAB
Pilot
96 64
RPC/DRC Lock
RAB
Data
400 chips
Data
400 chips64
Pilot
96
chips
64Data
400 chipschips
1024 chips = half slot 1024 chips = half slot
System time
1 Slot
8 Slots
1 slot = 1.667 ms
1/2 frame = 13.33 ms
Frame = 26.67 ms
16 Slots
50 2 31 54 6 75 512 14 151358 10 119
4 Slots
2 Slots
4 slot = 6.66 ms
2 slot = 3.33 ms
Idle Slot 64
RPC/DRC Lock
RAB
Pilot
96 64
RPC/DRC Lock
RAB
chips
64
RPC/DRC Lock
RAB
Pilot
96 64
RPC/DRC Lock
RAB
chips
Forward Link Frame/Slot Structure
7/30/2019 Rg008607 Cdma2000 1xev-Do Principle
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rg008607-cdma2000-1xev-do-principle 12/51
HUAWEI Technologies Co., Ltd. Page *
MAC-Index Allocation
MAC-Index Used Channel
0-1 -
2 Control channel (76.8kbps)
3 Control channel (38.4kbps)
4 MAC channel (RA)
5-63Traffic channel or MAC channel
(RPC/DRC Lock)
•The Control Channel is mainly used for the
transmission of broadcast message or message to some
specific terminal(s). It shares a physical channel
with the traffic channel in time division mode.
The terminal judges the channel according to theMACIndex in the channel preamble.
Identification of Forward Channel
An MACIndex maps a Walsh
code of 64 order and a Walsh
code of 32 order that
respectively indicates the
MAC channel and traffic
channel/control channel.
7/30/2019 Rg008607 Cdma2000 1xev-Do Principle
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rg008607-cdma2000-1xev-do-principle 13/51
HUAWEI Technologies Co., Ltd. Page *
Pilot Channel
Control Channel
Traffic Channel
Data400chips
MAC64chips
MAC64chips
Data400chips
Data400chips
MAC64chips
MAC64chips
Data400chips
RA
DRC LockRPC
Data400chips
MAC64chips
MAC64chips
Data400chips
Data400chips
MAC64chips
MAC64chips
Data400chips
Data400chips
MAC64chips
MAC64chips
Data400chips
Data400chips
MAC64chips
MAC64chips
Data400chips
Bit stream
Data stream
All 0 Bit
AP
Pilot96chips
Pilot96chips
Pilot96chips
Pilot96chips
Pilot96chips
Data Data Data
MAC MAC MAC MAC
Pilot Pilot Pilot
Pilot96chips
Forward Physical Channel
7/30/2019 Rg008607 Cdma2000 1xev-Do Principle
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rg008607-cdma2000-1xev-do-principle 14/51
HUAWEI Technologies Co., Ltd. Page *
The Pilot Channel information is a bit stream of all 0s, modulated by
.•Different from the continuous pilot in the 95/1x system, the 1xEV-DO system uses the burst pilot.
•The Burst Pilot transmits in the most power. According to the simulation, its performance is as
good as the continuous pilot of 1X. It is very difficult to lock the non-continuous pilot, so the
protocol specifies that the period from accessing the terminal to obtaining the pilot is 60
seconds increased from 15 seconds.
•The pilot channel helps the system to obtain, demodulate and test the link.
Power
TimeSlot 1 Slot 2
Pilot Bursts
Pilot Channel
64
0w
AC C
7/30/2019 Rg008607 Cdma2000 1xev-Do Principle
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rg008607-cdma2000-1xev-do-principle 15/51
HUAWEI Technologies Co., Ltd. Page *
•The MAC channel consists of the RA, DRC Lock and RPC channels. The RPC and DRClock use TDM and the RPC and RA
are separated by code division multiplexing.
•The rate of the RPC is 600 × (1-1/DRCLockPeriod).The RPC channel re-sends (DRCLockPeriod-1) times every
DRCLockPeriod slots.
•The DRClock re-sends DRCLockLength times every DRCLockPeriod slots.
•The rate of the RA channel is (600/RABLength) bps. It sends a updated reverse activity bit RAB every RABLength slots.
•The RA and the RPC/DRCLock use TDM. The Walsh2 spreading code of 64 order is always used. The mapping MACIndex
is 4.
•The code word used by the RPC/DRCLock channel can be selected from MACIndex=5-63.
RA
DRC Lock for user1
RPC for user1
RPC & RA
Repetition Cycle 8 times Repetition Cycle 8 times
DRC LockPeriod 8 slots
DRC Lock for user n
RPC for user n
… RA
DRC Lock for user1
RPC for user1
DRC Lock & RA
DRC Lock for user n
RPC for user n
…
MAC-Index=4
DRC LockPeriod
DRC LockLength
RAB Length
MAC Channel
T ffi Ch l
7/30/2019 Rg008607 Cdma2000 1xev-Do Principle
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rg008607-cdma2000-1xev-do-principle 16/51
HUAWEI Technologies Co., Ltd. Page *
•For the transmission in the first slot, a preamble is required to be included.
• The preamble is the result of repeated Walsh code of 32 order.
•The preamble information helps to distinguish different users. It is represented
by MAC index.
Data272 chips
MAC64chips
MAC64chips
Data400chips
Pilot96chips
Data400chips
MAC64chips
MAC64chips
Data400chips
Pilot96chips
Preamble
128 chips
Data400chips
MAC64chips
MAC64chips
Data400chips
Pilot96chips
Data400chips
MAC64chips
MAC64chips
Data400chips
Pilot96chips
Data400chips
MAC64chips
MAC64chips
Data400chips
Pilot96chips
Data400chips
MAC64chips
MAC64chips
Pilot96chips
First
slot
Data400chips
Walsh Chip
Level
Summer
128 preamble chips
6272 data chips divided into 4 TS
(1600×4-128=6272)
Scrambling InterleavingModulation
QPSK/8PSK/
16QAM
16-aryWalsh
Covers
SequenceRepetition,
Signal
Puncturing
SymbolDEMUX
1 to 16
Data packet:2048bits
WalshChannel
gain
ChannelCoding
1/3 or 1/5
Interval
slot
Final
slot
Traffic Channel
Sl t M lti l i M d f F d T ffi
7/30/2019 Rg008607 Cdma2000 1xev-Do Principle
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rg008607-cdma2000-1xev-do-principle 17/51
HUAWEI Technologies Co., Ltd. Page *
SM1
Data336chips
Pilot&MAC224chips
Preamble64chips
Data800chips
Pilot&MAC224chips
Data400chips
1536 Data Modulation Symbols
SM2
Data336chips
Pilot&MAC224chips
Preamble64chips
Data800chips
Pilot&MAC224chips
Data400chips
3072 Data Modulation Symbols
Data400chips
Pilot&MAC224chips
Single-slot transmission
Slot Multiplexing Mode of Forward Traffic
Channel at Physical Layer
Slot Multiplexing Mode of Forward Traffic Channel at Physical Layer
7/30/2019 Rg008607 Cdma2000 1xev-Do Principle
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rg008607-cdma2000-1xev-do-principle 18/51
HUAWEI Technologies Co., Ltd. Page *
SM3
Data400-N chips
Pilot&MAC224chips
PreambleN chips
Data800chips
Pilot&MAC224chips
Data400chips
2560 or 3720 Data Modulation Symbols
Data400chips
Pilot&MAC224chips
2-4 Slots Multi-slot transmission, preamble less than 400chips
SM4
Pilot&MAC224chips
Data668chips for 8 slots
176chips for 16 slots
Pilot&MAC224chips
Data400chips
2560 Data Modulation Symbols
Preamble400chips
Preamble112chips for 8 slots
624chips for 16 slots
Data400chips
Data400chips
Pilot&MAC224chips
2-4 Slots Multi-slot transmission, preamble more than 400chips
Slot Multiplexing Mode of Forward Traffic Channel at Physical Layer
Example of Link Adaptation
7/30/2019 Rg008607 Cdma2000 1xev-Do Principle
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rg008607-cdma2000-1xev-do-principle 19/51
HUAWEI Technologies Co., Ltd. Page *
CodeRate
ModulationType
SlotsEncoder Packet
Duration (ms)Bits per Encoder
PacketData Rates
(kbps)
1/5 QPSK 16 26.67 1024 38.4
Slot Multiplexing
Mode
SM4
Data rate=1024/(16×1.67)=38.4kbpsProvided modulation characters=1024×5/2=2560
Needed modulation characters=16×1600-1024=24576
Repeated factors=24576÷2560=9.6
During the transmission, the TDM mode is SM4. In the first slot, 1024 chips are used
for the preamble. The rest 576 chips are used to transmit 576 modulation characters.
If the terminal is demodulated correctly, the system will stop transmitting the
subsequent modulation characters. Then, the actual code rate is 1024/576=1.78.
Taking 38.4 kbps as an example
SM4
Pilot&MAC224chips
Data176chips for 16 slots
Pilot&MAC224chips
Data400chips
2560 Data Modulation Symbols
Preamble400chips
Preamble624chips for 16 slots
Data400chips
Data400chips
Pilot&MAC224chips
2-4 Slots多时隙传送,前缀大于400chips
Example of Link Adaptation
Control Channel
7/30/2019 Rg008607 Cdma2000 1xev-Do Principle
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rg008607-cdma2000-1xev-do-principle 20/51
HUAWEI Technologies Co., Ltd. Page *
The traffic channel and the control channel are
separated by TDM.
The traffic channel transmits the user data and thecontrol channel transmits the signaling and system
messages.
The messages transmitted through the control
channel are sent by capsules. The rate can be 38.4
kbps or 76.8 kbps.
Control Channel
Traffic ChannelData stream
Control Channel
Traffic ChannelTraffic Data
Control Channel
Traffic ChannelControl Data
Control Channel Cycle
(256 slots = 426.66 ... ms)
Control Channel Cycle
(256 slots = 426.66 ... ms)
SC SCAC
SC: Synchronous Control Channel capsule.
AC: Asynchronous Control Channel capsule.
Offset Offset
The packet capsule consists of: SC: Its transmission cycle is 256 slots, 16 frames.
The SC contains the following information:
Synchronization message: CDMA system time, Sector
PNOffset
Quick configuration message: SectorID, ColorCode,
Sector & Access Signature
Sector parameter message: Position, Time, Neighbor List,
Subnet mask
Paging message
AC: Multiple ACs can be contained in an AC cycle.
The AC contains the following information:
Other messages: ACK message, RLP control message
The structure and the assembly method of
the control channel are the same as those
of the traffic channel.
Control Channel
Ch t i ti f F d Li k
7/30/2019 Rg008607 Cdma2000 1xev-Do Principle
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rg008607-cdma2000-1xev-do-principle 21/51
HUAWEI Technologies Co., Ltd. Page *
Mode of TDMA
Constant forward power without power control Variable rate
2,456,1,843,1,228,922.1,614.4,307.2,153.6,76.8 and 38.4kbps To send a Packet, 1-16 slots are needed. A slot is 1.667 ms.
After receiving the contents during each slot, the AT sends the ACK/NACK
message in the reverse ACK channel.
Variable rate control
The AT measures the RF signal all the time and determines the maximum
rate that can be supported according to the measurement. The AT sends therate application by Slot through the DRC channel.
Algorithm of dynamic scheduling
The network side will receive all the rate applications sent by the AT.
The Scheduler determines the allocation of each Slot for the AT.
Now, the common algorithm is Proportional Fair.
Maximization of Throughput of Single Sector During a period, the time or Slot allocated to each AT is the same on average.
The AT who applies for higher rate will get higher Throughput.
Selection of quick service sector
The forward data is transferred in a sector only.
Characteristics of Forward Link
7/30/2019 Rg008607 Cdma2000 1xev-Do Principle
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rg008607-cdma2000-1xev-do-principle 22/51
Contents
Chapter 1 Overview
Chapter 2 Air Interface
2.1 Overview
2.2 Forward Link
2.3 Reverse Link
Chapter 3 Key Technology
Chapter 4 REVA Introduction
Division of Reverse Channel
7/30/2019 Rg008607 Cdma2000 1xev-Do Principle
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rg008607-cdma2000-1xev-do-principle 23/51
HUAWEI Technologies Co., Ltd. Page *
Reverse
Traffic Access
Reverse
Rate
Indicator
Data
Rate
Control
Pilot DataPilotMedium
Access
Control
Data ACK
Division of Reverse Channel
Use the coherent demodulation
The power control is similar to that of CDMA2000 1x.
The soft handoff is similar to that of CDMA2000 1x.
Rate set of reverse link in 1xEVDO Rel.0:
9.6, 19.2, 38.4, 76.8, 153.6 kbps
The maximum transmission rate is limited by the sector load.
The Pilot channel and
the RRI channel are
separated by time
division multiplexing.
The reverse code division is main and
the time division is auxiliary.
Reverse Access Channel
7/30/2019 Rg008607 Cdma2000 1xev-Do Principle
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rg008607-cdma2000-1xev-do-principle 24/51
HUAWEI Technologies Co., Ltd. Page *
Pilot
Access DataPilot
Pilot-I
Access Data-Q
Access
Probe
16
0w
Reverse Access Channel
4
2w
Preamble Frames Capsule Frames
The access probe consists of access channel preamble and multiple data packets in the access
channel. In the preamble, only the pilot channel is transmitted. In the data, the pilot channel and data
channel are transmitted at the same time. When the preamble is sent, the pilot power is more than that
when the data is transferred.
probe
probe
sequence
tp
1 2 3 Np
1
persistence
ts
tp
1 2 3 Np
2
persistence
tp
1 2 3 Np
N s
persistence
Time
...
...
Ns: The probe number is 1-15. The default number is 3.
Np: The number of probes that a probe set contains is 1-15.
The default number is 15.
Reverse Traffic Channel
7/30/2019 Rg008607 Cdma2000 1xev-Do Principle
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rg008607-cdma2000-1xev-do-principle 25/51
HUAWEI Technologies Co., Ltd. Page *
DRC
ACK
Traffic
16
0w
16
8w
8
4w
4
2w
1.67 ms
1.67 ms1/2 Slot
1.67 ms
RRI
Pilot
RRI
PilotPilot
RRI
PilotRRI
1 Slot = 2048 Chips: 256 chips for
RRI /1792 chips for Pilot (7:1)
1 frame 16 Slots = 26.67 ms
1.67 ms
1.67 ms
Reverse Traffic Channel
The forward channel transfers the information in slots.
The reverse channel transfers the information in frames (26.67 ms).
Pilot/RRI16
0w
1.67 ms
Reverse Traffic Channel-DRC Channel
7/30/2019 Rg008607 Cdma2000 1xev-Do Principle
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rg008607-cdma2000-1xev-do-principle 26/51
HUAWEI Technologies Co., Ltd. Page *
The DRC channel is used to bear the identification of the station that communicates with this terminal
and rate request information of the station.
The transmission rate of the DRC is600/DRCLength. The terminal can sends
the same DRC information DRCLength
times in a slot. Also, the information can be
sent in the threshold mode, namely, sent
once every DRCLength slots.
DRCLength=8
DRCLength=4
DRCLength=2
DRCLength=1
DRC
Channel
Forward service
channel
The DRC sub-channel contains the information
about DRC value and DRC cover.
The DRC value consists of the information about
the rate to be applied.
The DRC cover consists of the information about
the service sector pilot to be applied.
Demodulation Parameters in Reverse Channel
7/30/2019 Rg008607 Cdma2000 1xev-Do Principle
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rg008607-cdma2000-1xev-do-principle 27/51
HUAWEI Technologies Co., Ltd. Page *
Demodulation Parameters in Reverse Channel
Parameter
Demodulation Parameters in Reverse ChannelData rate (kbps)
9.6 19.2 38.4 76.8 153.6
Data packet length 256 512 1024 2048 4096
Frame length 26.67 26.67 26.67 26.67 26.67
Coding rate 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/2
Character length 1024 2048 4096 8192 8192
Character rate 38.4 76.8 153.6 307.2 307.2
Number of
repeated serial
numbers 8 4 2 1 1
Demodulation rate 307.2 307.2 307.2 307.2 307.2
Demodulation
mode BPSK BPSK BPSK BPSK BPSK
Spreading code
length 128 64 32 16 8
Characteristics of Reverse Link
7/30/2019 Rg008607 Cdma2000 1xev-Do Principle
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rg008607-cdma2000-1xev-do-principle 28/51
HUAWEI Technologies Co., Ltd. Page *
Similar to 1X
Reverse power control
Reverse PilotVariable rate
153.6, 76.8, 38.4, 19.2, 9.6 kbpsThe packet is transferred in frames. To send a Packet, 16 slots are needed. A slot is 1.667
ms.
•The reverse transfer rate is decided and at the same time the transfer rate is
described in the RRI channel.
The data can be transferred reversely only when the DATA Queue is not null.The data is sent in the minimum rate at which all the data in the data queue can
be transferred.
Generally, the transfer rate starts from 9.6 kbps and is increased according to a
certain probability.
• At the network side, there is the mechanism to control the reverse rate.
The reverse rate is changed quickly through the forward RAB channel.
• Handoff Active, Candidate, Neighbor and Remaining Sets
Pilot search
Handoff thresholds
C a acte st cs o eve se
7/30/2019 Rg008607 Cdma2000 1xev-Do Principle
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rg008607-cdma2000-1xev-do-principle 29/51
Contents
Chapter 1 Overview
Chapter 2 Air Interface
Chapter 3 Key Technology
Chapter 4 REVA Introduction
1. Time Division Multiplexing
7/30/2019 Rg008607 Cdma2000 1xev-Do Principle
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rg008607-cdma2000-1xev-do-principle 30/51
HUAWEI Technologies Co., Ltd. Page *
p g
Different forward channels share each slot by
time. Each kind of channel transmits in full power.
Different users share the slot resource of
the system. In each slot, the system serves
the specified user.
2. Multi-User Scheduling
7/30/2019 Rg008607 Cdma2000 1xev-Do Principle
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rg008607-cdma2000-1xev-do-principle 31/51
HUAWEI Technologies Co., Ltd. Page *
C/I
C/I C/I
307k 38k
614k 307k1.2M 2.4M 614k 38k
Time
Power
2. Multi-User Scheduling
7/30/2019 Rg008607 Cdma2000 1xev-Do Principle
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rg008607-cdma2000-1xev-do-principle 32/51
HUAWEI Technologies Co., Ltd. Page *
The slot resource is the most valuable resource in the EVDO forward link.
In each slot, making sure that the fairness to multiple users, select the user
with the link of the best quality to serve.
Round Robin Scheduler
Maximum Signal-Interference Ratio Scheduler
Propor t ional Fairness Scheduler
Pk = DRCk/Tk
3.Hybrid Automatic Retransmission (HARQ)
7/30/2019 Rg008607 Cdma2000 1xev-Do Principle
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rg008607-cdma2000-1xev-do-principle 33/51
HUAWEI Technologies Co., Ltd. Page *
n n+1 n+2 n+3 n+4 n+5 n+6 n+7 n+8 n+9 n+10 n+11 n+12 n+13 n+14 n+15
One half
slot
offset
1st Slot 2ndSlot 3thSlot 4thSlot
3 Slots delay NAK
R-DRC
Channel
F-Traffic
Channel
R-ACK
Channel
Decode Failed
3 Slots delay NAK
Decode Failed
3 Slots delay NAK
Decode Failed
3 Slots delay ACK
Decode
Successful
DRC value
requests 153.6
kbps
Normal receiving
3 Slots delay NAK
R-ACK
Channel
Decode Failed
3 Slots delay NAK
Decode Failed
3 Slots delay ACK
Terminate in advance
4. Rate Control-Forward
7/30/2019 Rg008607 Cdma2000 1xev-Do Principle
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rg008607-cdma2000-1xev-do-principle 34/51
HUAWEI Technologies Co., Ltd. Page *
In the EVDO system, the AN does not specify the
rate for the AT. The forward rate is decided by the
AT itself.The AT evaluates the C/I of the forward channel to
check the expected data rate and to gather the
sectors whose channel quality is the best. The two
messages are reported to the AN through the DRC
channel. The AN dynamically adjust the service
sector mapping this AT and the forward
transmission rate according to the messages.
• Pilot SINR evaluation: In each slot, the station delivers 96*2
bits of forward pilot signal. The terminal calculates the SINR
(C/I) of the forward pilot.
• Channel evaluation: According to the signal noise ratio of
the forward pilot in the past period, evaluate the signal noise
ratio of the forward pilot in the next slot.
• According to the signal noise ratio threshold that is set or adapted, query from the table to get the maximum
transmission rate that can be supported by the forward link
in the next slot.
• The AT reports the values of DRC Value and DRC Cover to
the AN through the DRC channel. The value of DRC Cover
determines the sector that serves the AT. The AN learns the
expected receiving rate from the DRC Value.
4.Rate Control-Reverse
7/30/2019 Rg008607 Cdma2000 1xev-Do Principle
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rg008607-cdma2000-1xev-do-principle 35/51
HUAWEI Technologies Co., Ltd. Page *
Not
Busy
9.6
kbps
19.2
kbps
153.6
kbps
P1
38.4
kbps
76.8
kbps
P2 P3 P4
Busy9.6
kbps
19.2
kbps
153.6
kbps
q1
38.4
kbps
76.8
kbps
q2 q3 q4
The rate control and sectors in the active set of the
EVDO reverse traffic channel
1: Load (CombinedBusyBit)
2: Current rate (CurrentRate)
3: Rate transition probability
4: Terminal buffer data amount
5: Minimum load requirement
6: Minimum load restriction
7: Maximum rate (MaxRate)
8: Current rate limit (CurrentRateLimit)
9: Algorithm of the rate control of the reverse link
If RAB = 1 (Busy), the transmission rate
is decreased at the probability q.
If RAB = 0 (Not Busy), the transmission rate
is increased at the probability p.
The evaluation precision of the reverse load
directly affects the correctness of the rate
control of the reverse channel. The MAC
algorithm of the EVDO reverse traffic
channel judges the load size of the reverse
channel through ROT and controls the
allocation of the reverse link resources
through the ROT.
ReverseLinkSilencePeriod
ReverseLinkSilenceDuration
Virtual Soft Handoff
7/30/2019 Rg008607 Cdma2000 1xev-Do Principle
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rg008607-cdma2000-1xev-do-principle 36/51
HUAWEI Technologies Co., Ltd. Page *
BSC
Data
Cell A Cell B
DRC (A)
Data
DRC (A)
Before
BSC
Data
Cell A Cell B
DRC (B) DRC (B)
Handoff
BSC
Data
Cell A Cell B
DRC (B) DRC (B)
After
Data
APA
APB
DRC DRC
AP1 AP2
Time
Serving AP
t1
ServingAP change
1xEV-DO Handoff Classification
7/30/2019 Rg008607 Cdma2000 1xev-Do Principle
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rg008607-cdma2000-1xev-do-principle 37/51
HUAWEI Technologies Co., Ltd. Page *
YDormant handoff inside PDSN
N
N
Y
Y
Revers
e
Virtual soft
handoff Soft handoff inside BSC
NSoft handoff between BSCs
NHard handoff
Y
Dormant handoff between
ANs (by default, all ANs
covered by a PCF)
Virtual softer
handoff Softer handoff
Forward
Support
Handoff Type
Handoff in 1xEV-DO
Network
Handoff between 1x and 1xEV-DO,
dominated by terminal
Y
Y (Complete indirectly)
N
Handoff of EVDO to active 1X
Handoff of 1X to active EVDO
Dormant handoff
Support
Handoff Type
7/30/2019 Rg008607 Cdma2000 1xev-Do Principle
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rg008607-cdma2000-1xev-do-principle 38/51
Contents
Chapter 1 Overview
Chapter 2 Air Interface
Chapter 3 Key Technology
Chapter 4 REVA Introduction
EVDO(Release 0)Design Idea
7/30/2019 Rg008607 Cdma2000 1xev-Do Principle
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rg008607-cdma2000-1xev-do-principle 39/51
HUAWEI Technologies Co., Ltd. Page *
• It is designed for the non-real-real time, unsymmetrical and
high-speed packet data service.
• Its design objective is to separate the high-speed packet
data from the low-speed voice and data services.
• Its design focus is on the forward link.
EVDO Release 0 Constraints and Rev A Improvement
7/30/2019 Rg008607 Cdma2000 1xev-Do Principle
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rg008607-cdma2000-1xev-do-principle 40/51
HUAWEI Technologies Co., Ltd. Page *
Release 0 Constraints
The reverse throughput is insufficient for developing multiple applications.
The reverse rate and capacity is relatively undersized, which restricts the
development of the symmetry data service.
The support for the QoS cannot meet the demands of the real-time service.
The interoperation between the Release 0 and the CDMA2000 1x is to be improved.
Rev A ImprovementSpectral efficiency: Supports multi-user group and smaller group to realize more flexible service adaptation.
System Capacity: Enhances the bandwidth and transmission rate of the reverse link; improves the throughput of
the forward link; supports the symmetry bandwidth multimedia service; meets the demand on the system capacity for
the packet service development.
QoS requirement: Supports end-to-end QoS service. The optimized QoS guarantee mechanism is established on
every protocol layer of the air interface, which shortens the service delay.
Service coverage: Controlling the AT more precisely to realize the seamless coverage for the service.
Network handoff: Supports the EVDO system to deliver the CDMA2000 1x paging message to save the system
resource and terminal power consumption. Then the perfect handoff is realized between two networks.
Supporting Multi-User Package
7/30/2019 Rg008607 Cdma2000 1xev-Do Principle
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rg008607-cdma2000-1xev-do-principle 41/51
HUAWEI Technologies Co., Ltd. Page *
The packages of the services such as PTT/VOIP that the Rev A supports is small.
Combining the small packages of multiple users can enhance the utilization of the
air interface and increase the system capacity.
user2 user3 user4user1header trailer MAC layer
Packages at
security layer user2 user3 user4user1
The transmission of the DO RA reverse link is in sub-frames. Compared with
the transmission of the DO RO in frames, the minimum transmission period
changes from 40 ms (26.67 ms + 13.33 ms) to 10 ms (6.67 ms + 3.33 ms). 26.67
ms indicates the frame length, 6.67 ms for sub-frame length, 13.33 and 3.33
for the average waiting period. In this case, the good support is provided
for the real-time services such as VOIP.
Extension of MAC Index
7/30/2019 Rg008607 Cdma2000 1xev-Do Principle
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rg008607-cdma2000-1xev-do-principle 42/51
HUAWEI Technologies Co., Ltd. Page *
MAC Index Usage of MAC Channel Preamble Usage Preamble
Length
0 and 1 Not Used Not Used N/A
2 Not Used 76.8k Control Channel 512
3 Not Used 38.4k Control Channel 1024
4 RA Not Used N/A
5 Not Used Broadcast Variable
64&65 Not Used Not Used N/A
66 Not Used Multi-user packet(128/256/512/1024, 4,
256)
256
67 Not Used Multi-user packet(2048, 4, 128) 128
68 Not Used Multi-user packet(3072, 2, 64) 64
69 Not Used Multi-user packet(4096, 2, 64) 64
70 Not Used Multi-user packet(5120, 2, 64) 64
71 Not Used 19.2/38.4/76.8-kbps Control
Channel(128/256/512, 4, 1024)
1024
6-63, 72-127 RPC/DRCLock/ARQ Single-user package Up toDRC
Extension of Reverse Rate Set
7/30/2019 Rg008607 Cdma2000 1xev-Do Principle
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rg008607-cdma2000-1xev-do-principle 43/51
HUAWEI Technologies Co., Ltd. Page *
The peak rate of the forward link increases from 2.4576 Mbps to 3.072 Mbps.
The peak rate of the reverse link increases from 153.6 kbps to 1.843 Mbps.
Changing the Physical Channel
CDMA 1X
7/30/2019 Rg008607 Cdma2000 1xev-Do Principle
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rg008607-cdma2000-1xev-do-principle 44/51
HUAWEI Technologies Co., Ltd. Page *
Forward
CDMA 1X
EV-DO RTT
Rev.A
Reverse
PilotMedium
Access
Control
Traffic Control TrafficAccess
Reverse
Rate
Indicator
Data
Rate
Control
Reverse
Activity
DRC
Lock Pilot Data
Reverse
Power
Control
Auxiliary
Pilot
Medium
Access
Control
Data ACKARQ Primary
Pilot
Data
Source
Control
No Change
Change
New
F-ARQ: Separated from the RPC and DRCLock by time division multiplexing to complete the
reverse HARQ function.
Reverse auxiliary pilot: Provides the coherent demodulation standard for the reverse transmission of the
long data packet.
DSC: Realizes the continuous data transmission in the case of the handoff and shortens the delay of
the virtual soft handoff.
Reverse Hybrid ARQ
7/30/2019 Rg008607 Cdma2000 1xev-Do Principle
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rg008607-cdma2000-1xev-do-principle 45/51
HUAWEI Technologies Co., Ltd. Page *
Reverse H-ARQ: 16-slot frame is divided into four sub-frames. Each four slots are
used to send a sub-frame. 12 slots are used to send the sub-frames in interleaving
way. The reverse termination in advance is supported so that the reverse capacity
is increased.
ARQ and
RPC/DRCLock are
separated by timedivision
multiplexing.
DSC Virtual Soft Handoff Package
7/30/2019 Rg008607 Cdma2000 1xev-Do Principle
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rg008607-cdma2000-1xev-do-principle 46/51
HUAWEI Technologies Co., Ltd. Page *
DSC auxiliary virtual soft handoff: The DSC notifies the AN in advance that the
target cell of this handoff to shorten the handoff delay.
Improving EVDO Rev A System
7/30/2019 Rg008607 Cdma2000 1xev-Do Principle
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rg008607-cdma2000-1xev-do-principle 47/51
HUAWEI Technologies Co., Ltd. Page *
1xEV-DO Rel.0 1xEV-DO Rev.A
Multiple access mode Forward code division + time
division H-ARQ;
Reverse code division
Forward code division + time
division H-ARQ;
Reverse code division + H-ARQ
Service Supports packet data service only Supports packet data service and
real-time service
Maximum
forward/reverse rate
(bps)
2.4576Mbps/153.6Kbps 3.072Mbps/1.8432Mbps
Cell throughput (bps) Forward 1.2Mbps(double-antenna
terminal) /650kbps(single-antenna
terminal),
Reverse 350kbps
Forward 1.5Mbps(double-antenna
terminal)
Reverse 1.2Mbps(4-branch
diversity)
Chip rate/1.25M 1.2288Mcps 1.2288Mcps
Coding mode Turbo Turbo
Demodulation mode Forward QPSK/8-PSK/
16-QAM
Reverse BPSK
Forward QPSK/8-PSK/16-QAM
Reverse BPSK/QPSK/8-PSK
Frame length 26.667ms 26.667ms
Sub-frame 6.67ms
Improving EVDO Rev A System
7/30/2019 Rg008607 Cdma2000 1xev-Do Principle
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rg008607-cdma2000-1xev-do-principle 48/51
HUAWEI Technologies Co., Ltd. Page *
Increase system capacity
Shorten service delay
Improve interoperation with 1x
Realize end-to-end QoS
Extend forward/reverse rate set
Extend MACindex
Support multi-user package
Reverse Hybrid ARQ
Increase capacityImprove key performance
08.May. 2006 Security Level: Internal
7/30/2019 Rg008607 Cdma2000 1xev-Do Principle
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rg008607-cdma2000-1xev-do-principle 49/51
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.
www.huawei.com
HUAWEI Confidential
Thank You
www.huawei.com
Abbreviations
)
7/30/2019 Rg008607 Cdma2000 1xev-Do Principle
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rg008607-cdma2000-1xev-do-principle 50/51
HUAWEI Technologies Co., Ltd. Page *
EVDO 1x Evolution -Data only(Optimization )
HDR High Data Rate
HRPD High Rate Packet Data
AN Access Network
PDSN Packet Data serving NodePCF Packet Control Function
FA Foreign Agent
HA Home Agent
AAA Authentication, Authorization, Accounting Server
RC Radio Configuration
SR Spreading Rate
RS Rate Set
ACK AcknowledgementHARQ Hybrid Automatic ReQuest
DSC Data Source Control
DRC Data Rate Control
MAC Medium Access Control
RAB Reverse Activity Bit
RPC Reverse Power Control
RRI Reverse Rate Indicate
SM Slot MultiplicityT2P Traffic to Pilot
ROT Rise of Thermal
PER Packet Error Rate
FEC Front Error Control
BPSK Binary Phase Shift keying
Review*Question
7/30/2019 Rg008607 Cdma2000 1xev-Do Principle
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rg008607-cdma2000-1xev-do-principle 51/51
HUAWEI Technologies Co., Ltd. Page *
1. What are the reverse rates of DO RO and DO RA?
2. What are the forward channels of DO RO?
3. What is the use of channels of DRC and DRCLock?
4. What are the updates of the DO RA, compared with the DO RO?
5. What are the differences between the DO RO handoff and 1X in the forward
link?
6. What is the virtual soft handoff?7. What is the interface between the BSC and the AN-AAA?
8. Are the forward RA channel and the PRC/DRC Lock are separated by time
division or code division?
9. How many chips does one slot contain in the EVDO forward link?
10. What are the two rate levels that the control channel of DO RO contains?11. What are the common multi-user scheduling rules?
12. What is the difference between the forward pilot of EVDO and 1X?
Recommended