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Remei Ridorsa – Gustavo PatowGeometry and Graphics GroupUniversitat de Girona
THE SKYLINEENGINE SYSTEM
http://iiia.udg.edu/GGG/skylineEngine/
INDEX
Introduction Previous work Pipeline Main modules Other modules Implementation Results Future work
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INTRODUCTION
Procedural modelling: creating models from rules instead of geometric primitives
More efficient than traditional modelling Procedural modelling of cities:
Is necessary for: Architectonic and urban design Films and games Virtual reality
Is an open problem
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AIM
Procedural tool for city generationIn an easy way User friendlyUsing rules defining the city
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FEATURES
Features available on high-end commercial systems: Street pattern based tools to design urban
layouts(grid, organic, radial)
Real street networks of any city can be imported Images OpenStreetMap
buildingEngine, building definition module Other modules Parameters controlled globally via image maps
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CONTRIBUTIONS
Contrary to the accepted standard linear pipeline, we have developed a non-linear one
We have created a configurable and flexible node-based modelling system
We have developed a new method to subdivide blocks into lots in the style of European cities like Paris or Barcelona. 6
PREVIOUS WORK
[Parish 01] First procedural approach, based on L-systems
[Sun 02] Template-based street network geneation
[Chen 08] Tensor fields for street generation
[Wonka 03] [Müller 06] [Müller 07] [Lipp 08] Procedural methods for building and facade generation using rule-based rewriting systems
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TRADITIONAL PIPELINE The traditional pipeline is not enough for a
complete complex city.
As an example, we can have parks at different levels in the pipeline.
This results in an Acyclic Directed Graph (DAG). 8
SKYLINEENGINE PIPELINE
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MAIN MODULES: INPUT
In an XML file: For synthetic cities:
District map Avenues pattern Land use map Heights map
For real cities: City map (image) OpenStreetMap
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MAIN MODULES: DISTRICTS
Districts with different patterns
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currMap = Øfor each pattern є districtMap do
Generate patternPosition and orient patternbounds = Bounds(pattern, districtMap)finalP = Clip(pattern, bounds)finalP = Merge(finalP, bounds)currMap = Merge(finalP, currMap)
end forreturn currMap
MAIN MODULES: MAJOR STREETS
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Grid Pattern
Eixample Barcelona
Radial Pattern
Karlsruhe (Germany)
MAIN MODULES: MAJOR STREETS
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Organic Pattern (voronoise)• We use a Voronoi variant (Lloyd’s algorithm)• Density can come either from a map or from an
analytic function
MAIN MODULES: MAJOR STREETS
Image processingEdge selectionBinarization
If we have a district map: We do the same processing generate streets
between districts
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MAIN MODULES: MAJOR STREETS
If we have a land-use mapShow were we cannot build buildings
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MAIN MODULES: MINOR STREETS
Number of minor roads proportional to the block area
Create a grid with this number of divisions Rotate grid Do an intersection between both
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MAIN MODULES: BLOCKS
For OSM and streets based on paths, the resulting network is a graph
Blocks are minimal enclosing circuits
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MAIN MODULES: LOTS
Manhattan-style: Split block longitudinally Crete a given number of lots in each partition
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MAIN MODULES: LOTS
Paris-style:Round anglesSubdivide into a number of lots
proportional to the block perimeterCreate inner primitive
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MAIN MODULES: BUILDINGS
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Height map
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OTHER MODULES: BUILDINGENGINE
OTHER MODULES: 4D CITIES
22"Interactive Geometric Simulation of 4D Cities", Basil Weber, Pascal Mueller, Peter Wonka and Markus Gross, Eurographics 2009
OTHER MODULES:EXAMPLE-BASED URBAN LAYOUT SYNTHESIS
23“Interactive Example-Based Urban Layout Synthesis”, D. Aliaga, C. Vanegas i B. Benes, SIGGRAPH ASIA 2008
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OTHER MODULES: STREET CONTENT
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OTHER MODULES: BRIDGEE
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OTHER MODULES: TRAFFICSIM
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IMPLEMENTATION: HOUDINI 3D modeler Procedural behaviour Uses a hierarchical node system Programmable in Python
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RESULTS: PIPELINE
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RESULTS: MANHATTAN-LIKE
RESULTS: GIRONA
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Synthetic buildings
FUTURE WORK
Exact localization and manipulation of landmarks, etc.
Manage level-of-detail Batch exportation Others...
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Marc Argence Albert Roca Joel Coll Costa Maria del Carme Hijano Domènech Zhi Chao Yin
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THANK YOU!
“If you ignore the rules people will, half the time, quietly rewrite them”Terry Pratchett, Equal Rites
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