Real time Light Intensity monitoring using Raspberry Pi Report

8/17/2019 Real time Light Intensity monitoring using Raspberry Pi Report

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Development of Cloud Based Light Intensity Monitoring System Using Raspberry Pi

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

There are many appliations for Light Meters suh as measuring and maintaining

ade!uate light levels in shools" hospitals" prodution areas" laboratories" passage#ays

and more$ %de!uate light levels in the #or& plae ensure a healthier and safer

environment for people$ Some of important loations and light intensity is sho#n in

T%BL' I$

TABLE 1 OPTIMUM AVERAGE LlGHT INTENSITY AT VARJOUS

LOCATIONS

Consider follo#ing appliations as an e(ample

A. Traffic Lighi!g S"#$%

To ensure safety on the road" traffi lights need to be learly visible for road users$ The

light intensity has to be suffiient under every )#eather* ondition" #hih set in legal

standards$ +ver the ourse of time" the luminous intensity of traffi lights slo#ly

dereases$ Possible reasons are pollution of lenses or refletors" aging of the light soureor individual L'D failure$ Remote monitoring enables the road authority to arry out

timely servies" in suh a #ay that traffi lights &eep satisfying the statutory rules for

optimal traffi safety$

B. P&'lr" I!('#r"

Light Intensity is an important management fator in poultry industry to obtain optimal

prodution$ The intensity depends upon the age and type of housing being used" and type

Dept. of ECE, RRCE B’lore 2015-16Page 1


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of hi&en" be it broiler" breeder or layer$ ,ith bla&out housing both male and female

an be e(posed to -$. f from day one to day si( and then plaed on / f to /0 or 12

#ee&s$ %fter /0 3 12 #ee&s the broiler breeders an be e(posed to about -$2 to .$2 f

during the entire prodution period$ Layers should be e(posed to about $. to /$. f )+ne

foot3andle 4 /2$56 lu(* for better prodution 78369$

C. Pla!# Gr&)h

Defiient light intensities tend to redue plant gro#th" development and yield$ This is

beause lo# amount of solar energy restrits the rate of photosynthesis$ Belo# a

minimum intensity" the plant falls belo# the ompensation point$ Compensation point is

the metaboli point at #hih the rates of photosynthesis and respiration are e!ual so that

leaves do not gain or lose dry matter$ Photosynthesis signifiantly slo#s do#n or eases

#hile respiration ontinues$ Li&e#ise" e(essive light intensity should be avoided$

D. M'#$'% Lighi!g S"#$%

Light intensity is a primary onsideration in museums to protet histori artifats from

damage$ . to /2 foot3andles )appro($ .2 to /22 lu(* is urrently onsidered to be the

ma(imum allo#able light level for very sensitive materials" suh as prints" dra#ings"

#aterolors" dyed fabris" manusripts" and botanial speimens$ Up to /. foot3andles



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CHAPTER *

LITERATURE SURVEY

The survey is a reogni:ed and aepted part of the modern soiety$ It is one of the means by #hih soiety &eeps it informed" a #ay of bringing under entral situations of

inreasing si:e and omple(ity of obtaining pereptive and standard of omparison$ %

survey gives an oversight of a field and is thus distinguishing from a sort of study #hih

onsists of a mirosopi e(amination of a turf; it is a map rather than a detailed plan$ The

survey must be planned before a start is made$

*.1 BASE PAPERS

1. D. Nagaraju, C. H. Kireet, N. Pradeep Kumar and Ravi Kumar Jatoth, "Performance

Comparison of igna! Conditioning Circuits or #ight $ntensit% &easurement", 'or!d

(cademics Jouma! of )ngineering ciences, PP. *++ -11+/, 0o!. +1, $ssue +*, *+1

-$N2 *34 5367/.

To aurately measure the light intensity in a given spot" it is best to use a light meter$ In

ommerial light meters different signal onditioning iruits are used$ Seleting a

suitable signal onditioning iruit is an important tas& for instrumentation engineer$ So"

this paper tries to evaluate the performanes of different signal onditioning iruits in

terms of linearity" sensitivity and auray$

*. 8ina &. (!vino,8regor% ,(rcher and Jo% (. &ench "9ehavioura! tim :udgets of

:roi!er chic;ens reared !ight intensities",cienceDirect jouma! vo!ume 114,!ssues 1

*,(pri$*++


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In this paper several different lighting programs are being studied to help improve

s&eletal development through feed inta&e$ %ll lighting programs that use more hours

of dar&ness than the hours of dar&ness during natural day length re!uire light traps on

fans and air inlets

Cha+$r ,-

HARDARE IMPLEMENTATION



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-.1 LDR

% LDR )Light Dependent Resistor* is variable resistor" the resistane of the LDR is

inversely proportional to the light intensity" it e(hibits ma(imum resistane in the absene

of light and minimum resistane in the presene of light$ LDR produes analog output

voltage #ith respet to inident light" The Raspberry Pi omputer does not have a #ay to

read analog inputs$ It is a digital3only omputer$ Compared to the %rduino" % by Raspberry Pi foundation #ith the intention of stimulating the

teahing of basi omputer siene in shools$ It has five models; Model % has 1.6Mb

R%M" one USB port and no net#or& onnetion$ Model B has ./1Mb R%M" 1 USB ports

and an 'thernet port$ Model %? has speifiations very similar to Model %" but replaes

the 163pin @PI+ onnetor" by a 823pin onnetor" a miro SD slot ta&es the plae of a

full3si:ed SD slot" and po#er management has been improved so that itAs more effiient"

and an support po#er hungry USB devies$ Model B? has speifiations very similar to

Model B" but replaes the 163pin @PI+ onnetor" by a 823pin onnetor" a miro SD slot

ta&es the plae of a full3si:ed SD slot" replaes the 1 USB ports" by 8 USB ports and

po#er management has been improved so that itAs more effiient$ It has a Broadom

BCM1-. system on a hip #hih inludes an %RMI/56E=3S 522 MF: proessor"


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using F$168 at 82MBitsGs$ It has a fast -D ore aessed using the supplied +pen@L 'S1$2

and +pen3


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/ig -.- MCP -*34 A!al&g & Digial C&!0$r$r

-.-.1 /$a'r$# &f MCP,-*34

/13bit resolution

N / LSB ma( DJL

N / LSB ma( IJL )MCP-128G-123B*

N 1 LSB ma( IJL )MCP-128G-123C*

8 )MCP-128* or )MCP-12* input hannels

%nalog inputs programmable as single3ended or

pseudo3differential pairs

+n3hip sample and hold

SPI serial interfae )modes 2"2 and /"/*

Single supply operationO 1$5< 3 .$.<

/22 &sps ma($ sampling rate at


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Proess Control

Data %!uisition

Battery +perated Systems

-.-.- Pi! D$#cri+i&!

1. DGND

Digital ground onnetion to internal digital iruitry$

*. AGND

%nalog ground onnetion to internal analog iruitry$

-. CH3 , CH6

%nalog inputs for hannels 2 3 5 for the multiple(ed inputs$ 'ah pair of hannels an be programmed to be used as t#o independent hannels in single3ended mode or as a single

pseudo3differential input" #here one hannel is IJ? and one hannel is IJ$

7. S$rial Cl&c8 9CL:;

The SPI lo& pin is used to initiate a onversion and lo& out eah bit of the

onversion as it ta&es

SHDN;

The CSGSFDJ pin is used to initiate ommuniation #ith the devie #hen pulled lo# and

#ill end a onversion and put the devie in lo# po#er standby #hen pulled high$ The

CSGSFDJ pin must be pulled high bet#een onversions$



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-.7 Sig!al C&!(ii&!i!g Circ'i f&r Ligh I!$!#i"

M$a#'r$%$!

Fere #e are using t#o signaling ondition iruits

igna! Condition Circuit =sing $nstrumentation (mp!ifier

igna! Condition Circuit =sing #o> Pass i!ter

3..1 Sig!al C&!(ii&! Circ'i U#i!g I!#r'%$!ai&! A%+lifi$r

Resistive sensors suh as LDRs" RTDs and strain gages produe small perentage

hanges in resistane in response to a hange in a physial variable suh as light"temperature or fore$ +ne tehni!ue for measuring resistane is to fore a onstant urrent

through the resistive sensor and measure the voltage output$

%n instrumentation amplifier is a type of differential amplifier that has been outfitted #ith

input buffer amplifiers" #hih eliminate the need for input impedane mathing and thus

ma&e the amplifier partiularly suitable for use in measurement and test e!uipment$

%dditional harateristis inlude very lo# DC offset" lo# drift" lo# noise" very high

open3loop gain" very high ommon3mode reHetion ratio" and very high input

impedanes$ Instrumentation amplifiers are used #here great auray and stability of the

iruit both short and long3term are re!uired$

/ig'r$ -.7. Sig!al C&!(ii&! Circ'i U#i!g I!#r'%$!ai&! A%+lifi$r.

Circuit Description2 Signaling ondition means manipulating an analog signal in suh a

#ay that it meets the re!uirement of the ne(t state for further proessing$ In our paper

hange in the resistane of the LDR due to light intensity then output voltage of bridge

also hanged$ Based on this output of the instrumentation amplifier #hih is onneted to

the bridge iruit" #ill also amplified and the variation of the voltage #ill be hanged$ It

is observed that due to limiting the input voltage the output voltage variation gets linearity



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up to a ertain range$ Fere the instrumentation amplifier is of having a gain of /2$ In this

proHet bridge iruit is very sensitive$ So it #ill get the output voltage based on

the sensitivity of bridge

/ig -.7.1. Har()ar$ i%+l$%$!ai&! &f Sig!al C&!(ii&!i!g Circ'i U#i!g

I!#r'%$!ai&! A%+lifi$r

-.7.* Sig!al C&!(ii&! Circ'i U#i!g L&) Pa## /il$r

The iruit diagram as sho#n in =igure -$8$1 potential divider net#or& and op3amp filter

stage" #henever light fall on the LDR" resistane of the LDR hanges drastially hene

voltage aross the pot inreases" this voltage has noise due to noise soures li&e fli&eringlights" glare" and pulsating light soures and so on" to eliminate this noise #e use the -rd

order lo# pass filter$

/ig'r$ -.7.* Sig!al C&!(ii&! Circ'i U#i!g L&) Pa## /il$r

-.< i,/i D&!gl$ )ih Ra#+$rr" Pi$

,i3=i is a popular #ireless net#or&ing tehnology that uses radio #aves to provide

#ireless high3speed Internet and net#or& onnetions$ The ,i3=i %lliane" the



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organi:ation that o#ns the ,i3=i registered trademar& term speifially defines ,i3=i as

any #ireless loal area net#or& ),L%J* produts that are based on the Institute of

'letrial and 'letronis 'ngineersA )I'''* 21$// standards

/ig -.< i,/i D&!gl$ )ih Ra#+$rr" Pi$

,e are using ,i3=i dongle is sho#n in =ig$6 for ,i3=i ommuniation bet#een

Raspberry Pi and lients$The first tas& is to bum the Rasbian +S into the raspberry pi and

#e an onfigure the devie #ith follo#ing ommand sudo nano letl#pa

suppliantl#pasuppliant$ Conf then #e an see a #indo# as sho#n in =ig$5$#e need to

s#ap +URSSID and +URP%SS,+RD and give name and pass#ord of our,i3=i net#or&$ Then reboot the raspberry pi using follo#ing ommand sudo reboot$ Jo#

#e are ready to use ,i3=i ommuniation$

CHAPTER 7

DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT



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7.1 BLOC: DIAGRAM

/ig 7.1 Bl&c8 Diagra% &f Pr&+$( S"#$%

Complete blo& diagram is as sho#n in =ig$ 8$/ signal from LDR is given to the signal

onditioning iruit #hih is responsible to eliminate the noise" output of signal

onditioning iruit given to the one of the analog hannel of %DC #hih onverts signal

into digital signal" then the signal given to the @PI+ )@eneral Purpose inputGoutput* of the

Raspberry Pi$



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7.* Ra#+$rr" Pi a# a $#$r0$r The Raspberry Pi is a good hoie for a #eb server that #ill not reeive too muh

traffi" suh as a testing server" or small intranet" as it doesnAt have overheating problem$

%pahe is a #eb server appliation that #e an install in the raspberry pi #hih allo#s to

serve #eb pages$ Use the follo#ing ommand to install %pahe1" sudo apt3get install

aphe1 3yo %pahe an serve FTML files over FTTP" and additional modules an servedynami #eb pages using sripting languages suh as PFP$

/ig 7.* S$r0$ a!( cli$! C&%%'!icai&!

,e an store %!uire in the database" developed #eb appliation stored in the

server$ Client an aess the system #ith IP address through omputer or Smartphone or

Tablet or any other internet enabled devie$

/ig 7.*.1 S"#$% IP a((r$##

CHAPTER <



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EVALUATION

The purpose of evaluation is to evaluate the performane of proposed system

/ig 1*>*317;



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/ig *317 & *1>1*>*317

=ig$ .$/ sho#s the light meter #hih sho#s instantaneous light intensity If #e observe

the =ig$.$1 in bet#een // to /. hours light intensity reorded less than the

average light intensity ).22 LU*$ It is also sho#ing ma(imum light intensity" minimum

light intensity and average light intensity #ith date" time and loation$=ig$.$- sho#s #ee&

report )/.//1G12/8 to 1///1/12/8*" it helps data analyst to understand average light

intensity of eah day$ If #e observe the =ig$.$- in bet#een /.G/1G12/8 to /5//1/12/8 thelight intensity reorded less than the average light intensity ).22 LU* and there is

sudden hange in light intensity on the day ///1/12/8 #here it is reoded more than the

average light intensity$ It is also sho#ing ma(imum light intensity" minimum light

intensity and average light intensity #ith date and loation

=ig$.$8 sho#s performane of the system #ith )i$e$ ,ee&1* and #ithout )i$e$ ,ee& /*

ontrolling



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/ig.


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CHAPTER =

APPLICATIONS AND CONCLUSION

=.1 A++licai&!#

(. #ighting for Pou!tr% Housing

Light intensity is an important management fator for breeder type poultry$ There is

evidene suggesting minimum threshold intensity is needed to obtain optimal

reprodution performane$ Light levels )intensity or illuminane* and the duration of light

)photo period* are important fators in poultry prodution$

Light intensity is affeted by many variablesO lamp type )i$e$" inandesent versus

fluoresent" versus high pressure sodium" versus metal halide" versus lo# pressure

sodium" et$*; refletane of the floor" #alls" eiling; height of the lamp fi(ture above the#or&ing plane; dirty onditions" and maintenane shedule

9. #ighting for Commercia! 8reen House

In ommerial greenhouses" several strategies an be used to help properly manage light

levels throughout the day and seasonally$ Some of the primary reasons #hy greenhouses

manipulate light levels inlude temperature and irrigation management" photoperiod

ontrol" minimi:ing rop stress" and optimi:ing photosynthesis i$e$ The amount of light

reeived by a plant is an important fator" beause plantsA gro#th may suffer if they do not

reeive suffiient light$ They may lose their harateristi shape and gro# thin" leggy

stems$ Je# leaves may also be smaller and turn yello#$ Some plants may lose their olor

or turn dar& green$ Plants e(posed to e(essive light" on the other hand" may not flo#er

properly or may turn pale green$ Different speies of plants re!uire different amounts of

light So; light intensity is an important variable to measure in every greenhouse$ This is

espeially true for gro#ers #here the maHority of rops are propagated from Deember to

Marh and naturally ourring outdoor light intensity values are high$ =urthermore" these

values an be 82 to 52 perent lo#er beause of shading from greenhouse gla:ing"

strutures" and hanging bas&ets$ These obstrutions an result in an average light intensity

as lo# as possible

C. ?raffic #ighting %stem

To ensure safety on the road" traffi lights need to be learly visible for road users$ Thelight intensity has to be suffiient under every )#eather* ondition" #hih set in legal

standards$ +ver the ourse of time" the luminous intensity of traffi lights slo#ly

dereases$ Possible reasons are pollution of lenses or refletors" aging of the light soure

or individual L'D failure$ Remote monitoring enables the road authority to arry

out timely servies" in suh a #ay that traffi lights &eep satisfying the statutory rules for

optimal traffi safety$

D. ?0 Cameras



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Most T< ameras need at least /222 lu( )about 02 =C* of light to produe good !uality

video in the middle of the lens f3stop range" many an produe aeptable pitures under

a fe# foot3andles of light$ ,hen olor #as first introdued in T< studios" -22 foot3

andles )more than -"222 lu(* of light #ere re!uired$ %s ne#er olor ameras #ere

introdued" this level &ept dropping$

Today" many on3loation shoots are done #ith as little as -2 foot3andles )about -22 lu(*of light$ The latest generation of professional video ameras an produe good !uality

video under less than one foot3andle )less than /2 lu(* Jote in this sene that #ithout

seletive fous the #oman and the goat #ould almost disappear into the ba&ground

lutter$ Where: foot3andle )=C* e!uals about /2$58 lu( Ratio of open area to foal length

of lens is alled an = stop )1" 1$" 8" .$6" " //" /6" 11" -1 $$$$*

/ig =.1 #c$!$ )ih&' #$l$ci0$ f&c'#

). #ight re@uired for Reading in :ed room

ItAs onvenient to have an e(tra light in a room speifially for reading$ Reading re!uiresmore light than other ativities$ By having a reading light" you an &eep the rest of the

light in your room muted #hile still having enough in one area to read omfortably

/ig =.* A )&%a! r$a(i!g i! $( r&&%

CONCLUSIONS



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The =aility manger #ill have s&ill" training and e(periene but lagging #ith la& of

information to ta&e ation immediately$ In the paper" #e have proposed and developed

loud based light intensity monitoring system$ This helps to =aility manger to ta&e

neessary ation at right time" #ith proper ontrolling #ith an ahieve desired results$ Toevaluate the system" #e have onsidered laboratory as an e(ample but it an be used at

various appliations li&e traffi light monitoring" poultry lighting and museum lighting

et$ to avoid damage



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RE/ERENCE

7/9 R$ P$ %T>IJS" R$ C$ Ma:e" R$ C$ Ma:e Surfae Trash Density Detetion"

International ,inter Meeting on The %M'RIC%J S+CI'T += %@RICULTUR%L

'J@IJ''RS Paper Jo$ -03/..8 %lberta Canada /00

719 ,$,inhell" Lighting =or Poultry Fousing %griultural 'ngineer" Canada Plan

Servie$

7-9 Charles >ithin and Le# Counts" % Designers @uide to Instrumentation %mplifiers$

-rd 'dition" %nalog Devies In 1226$

789 >ing Tong Lau" R$ Shepherd" Danny Diamond and Dermot Diamond" Solid State pF

Sensor Based on Light 'mitting Diodes )L'D* %s Detetor Platform" ISSJ /8183112$

7.9 S$122.$/.5125- "


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7/69 @ina M$ %lvino"@regory S"%rher and oy %$ Menh Behavioural time budgets of

broiler hi&ens reared light intensities"SieneDiret Houmal volume //"lssues /3

1"%priI1220"pp$.836/$

7/59 R$Bryan ones"Teresa >$Fagedom and Daniel @$Satterlee"%doption of immobility by sha&led broiler hi&ensOeffets of light intnensity and diverse hooding devies"

SieneDiret Hournal volume .."lssues -3 8"anuary /00"pp$-153--.$

7/9 Mi&ie MCormi&"Measuring Light Levels for ,or&s on Display"The '(hibition

%lliane"ln$"Familton$


Real time Light Intensity monitoring using Raspberry Pi Report

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