RAT DISSECTION Image from:

RATDISSECTION

Image from: http://www.animationlibrary.com

Mammals lived at same timeas dinosaurs; mammals spread out when dinosaurs became extinct

RAT LATIN meaning

KINGDOM _____________

PHYLUM ____________________________

SUBPHYLUM ___________________________

CLASS _______________________________

ORDER _____________________________

ANIMALIA

CHORDATA

VERTEBRATA “backbone”

Mammalia “breast”

RODENTIA “to gnaw”

http://hocktamas.fw.hu/apple/apple/Faux%20Fur%20(wide%20screen).jpg

Hair or Furhttp://www.carrythememories.com/images/zebra_fur.jpg

http://www.alibaba.com/photo/50033899/Printed_Fur.jpg

Provides insulation (hold in body heat)IdentificationCamouflage

VIBRISSAE

EXTERNAL NARES

Nictitating membraneImage by Riedell/VanderWal© 2005

Nictitating membrane in Mammals

Present in most mammals

More functional in some than others

Vestigial in HUMANS

and other PRIMATES

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gray892.png

http://www.warrenphotographic.co.uk/photography/bigs/15156-Sick-kitten-showing-nictitating-membranes.jpg

SPECIALIZED TEETH

(Different shapes)

RODENTS: 2 pairs of INCISORSGrow CONTINUOUSLY

Image by Riedell/VanderWal© 2005

PINNACatches sound

Tympanic membrane (eardrum) inside ear opening

Image by Riedell/VanderWal © 2005

MAMMARY GLANDS

Modified sweat glands

Males are non-functional

Have nipples but don’t have right hormones to make milk

EXIT OPENINGSSeparate exit for feces = anus

3 openings 2 openings

FEMALEShave 3 Exit openings

Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2005

MALEShave 2 Exit openings

ANUS

UROGENITAL(Excretory &Reproductiveshare)

Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2005

TESTES outside body in SCROTUM

Need to be cooler than body temperature to make sperm

Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2005

Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2005

DIAPHRAGMImage by Riedell/VanderWal©2005

DIAPHRAGMContracts to pull in air

(negative pressure breathing)

Divides coelom into:THORACIC CAVITY heart & lungs

ABDOMINAL CAVITYdigestive, excretory, reproductive organs

Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2005

SPLEEN

Peeks out from behind stomach

Makes, stores, and processes blood cells

Image by Riedell/VanderWal © 2005

PANCREAS

Makes TRYPSIN

digest proteins

Makes INSULIN

tells cells to store blood glucose as glycogen

Makes GLUCAGON

tells cells to releasestored glycogen into bloodstream as glucose

(In mesentery next to duodenum)

Image by Riedell/VanderWal © 2005

MESENTERYImage by Riedell/VanderWal©2005

Stomach

Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2005

STOMACH -

Add acid/grind & mash food

SMALL INTESTINE:

DUODENUM- Add trypsin (digest proteins) & bile (digest fat)

JEJUNUM-

Finish digestion/absorb nutrients

ILEUM-

Finish digestion/absorb nutrients

VILLI-increase surface area for greater absorption

http://www.sciencephoto.com/image/432410/350wm/F0043031-Intestinal_villi,_artwork-SPL.jpg

CECUM-

“J” Pouch at junction of small and large intestine

Contain bacteria to digest plant material

LARGE INTESTINE-

Collect & Concentrate digestive waste

absorb water back from feces

RECTUM-

Last part of Large intestine

Stores feces waiting to exit

ANUS

Exit opening for digestive waste only

DID YOU KNOW?

Human small intestine = about 22 feet long

Human large intestine = 5 feet long

Food can spend as long as 4 hours in the small intestine

http://scavengerhunt.lee.k12.nc.us/digestive/digestive.jpg%20copy

TRACHEA

Cartilage rings keepairway open

Image by Riedell/VanderWal © 20075

BRONCHI

ALVEOLIIncrease surface

area for more gas exchange

http://www.daviddarling.info/images/respiratory_tract.jpg

DID YOU KNOW?

Human lungs contain: ~1,500 mi of airwaysand 300 to 500 million alveoliwith a total surface area of about 750 sq ft ~ the same area as one side of a tennis court)[2]

http://25.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_m24p94fUvU1r6aoq4o1_500.gif

LungsImage by Riedell/VanderWal©2005

Left side of heart is larger-Pumps blood to entire body

So lungs on that side are smaller

4 chamber heart/2 loops

Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2005

RIGHTAtrium

RightVentricle

LungsBodyorgans

LEFTAtrium

BIRD & MAMMAL CIRCULATION

4 chambers/2 loops

LeftVentricle

SINUS VENOSUS & CONUS ARTERIOSUS ARE GONE

• Main vein returning from body = VENA CAVAMain vein from lungs = PULMONARY VEIN

• Main artery to body = AORTA• Main artery to lungs = PULMONARY

ARTERY

http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/hhw/hhw_anatomy.html

DID YOU KNOW?

By the time you turn 70,

your heart will have beat

~ 2.5 billion times (70 beats per minute.)

Placed end to end, all your body's blood vessels would measure about 62,000 miles.

http://www.netanimations.net/Moving-ilustrated-picture-heart-beating-gif-animation.gif

SALIVARY GLANDS

Make digestive enzymes

Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2005

AMYLASE starts digesting complex carbohydrates (starch)in mouth

SEMINAL VESICLES- Store sperm Add fluids

VAS DEFERENS- Carry sperm to seminal vesicles

EPIDIDYMIS- Mature sperm Add tails

TESTES- Make sperm

Image by Riedell/VanderWal© 2005

OVARY- Makes eggs

OVIDUCT- Carries eggs to uterus

UTERUS- place where baby grows

VAGINA- Exit for baby  VIVIPARITY-

Baby grows inside mom nourished by placenta

Image by Riedell/VanderWal© 2005

Image by Riedell/VanderWal© 2005

KIDNEYSExcrete nitrogen wasteOsmoregulation

Image by Riedell/VanderWal © 2005

URETERSCarry urine to bladder

URINARY BLADDER

Image by Riedell/VanderWal © 2005

URETHRAcarries urine from bladder to exit

DID YOU KNOW?

Avg human urine production~ 4 oz/hour

~ 1-2 quarts/day

http://simoesandpatelmd.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Kidney-infection-kidney-infection-symptoms.png