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Radiotherapy Department. Arif Raza. Introduction. Clinical speciality for treatment of cancer Tissue destroying procedure Use of ionizing radiation Single or combined with other therapy Size of dept depends upon types of services and sophistication of equipments. Introduction. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Arif Raza
Radiotherapy Department
IntroductionClinical speciality for treatment of cancerTissue destroying procedureUse of ionizing radiationSingle or combined with other therapySize of dept depends upon types of
services and sophistication of equipments
IntroductionCobalt unit – used for deep radiation
therapyLinear accelerator – wide range of oncology
casesSimulator – set telegraphy field
Treatment stepsInitial evaluationTreatment planApplicationTPS for evaluation and plan
BrachytherapyBrachy means short
distanceLocalized, precise and high-
tech radiation therapyRadio-active source is
placed in or near the tumourIncrease cure rates and
minimum side effectsRadioactive cobalt, caesium
or iridium is used in form of needles
BrachytherapyCompleted in short duration and is cost
effectiveConvenient for patientDoes not require hospitalization
Superficial therapyIonizing radiation with
energies from 8 to 140 kilovolts
Relatively soft X-raysUsed for non-infiltrating
cancers like skin cancers
Orthovoltage therapyIonizing radiation with
energies 150 to 400 kilovoltsUsed in treatment of
infiltrating surface malignancies
Intraoral, intervaginal treatment
Megavoltage therapyIonizing radiation greater than one million
voltsCobalt therapy and accelerators
LocationCarefully locatedConform to BARC’s shielding requirementThree foot thick walls and ceilings and
access for equipmentShould not block future expansion planIdeally on ground floor close to OPD and
radiologyClose to vertical transport systemNo departments shall be below radiotherapy,
thus basement is also a good option
DesignComplex and requires experts advise
during planningLegal requirements in designingTeam of experts including radiation
therapist, medical physicist, architects, engineers, equipment supplier and hospital planner shall be deployed
Shall be designed to present a warm, cheerful and pleasant atmosphere
DesignHigh density materials in walls, ceiling and
floor to contain radiationFloor loading
Facilities and space requirementsReception-controlWaiting area close to receptionDressing roomExamination roomsPhysician’s officeNurses’ stationTherapy rooms and control roomsPhysicists’ room with treatment computersStaff facilitiesPatient toiletsStorage facilities
Elements of desigingClinical examination section
Reception area with registration roomExamination and consultationRoom for medical staff and social workersWaiting areas including trolley bays, storage,
toiletsConsultation room shall be separated from
treatment areaA darkened cubicle required for examining
otolaringological patients
Elements of designingTreatment section
Treatment planning roomComputer assisted scannerSimulatorMould roomRoom for machinery
Elements of designingAccess to radiation room
Door with high lead shieldingDoor may require motor driveMaze arrangement preferable but consumes
spaceDirect viewing window can be given in
superficial or orthovolatge installation
OrganizationShall be headed by Radiotherapy Physician
assisted by other onco specialistPhysicist who shall develop detail
treatment plans for patients as prescribed by the physician
Radiotherapy technicians to calibrate therapy equipment, verify doses, position patients and operate the machines
OrganizationNurses to assist physician in examining
patients and help during treatmentDietician to plan nutritional needs of
patientsOthers – social workers, secretary, clerk,
attendants, housekeeping and security staff
Problem situationsInefficient schedulingLost chargesDown time
Regulatory ProcessesClearance of unit by AERB (Type approved
or NOC)Approval of room layout plan (1:50 scale)Construction only on basis of approved planAny modification shall be re-approvedAppointment of staffNomination and approval of radiological
safety officer
Regulatory ProcessesProcurement of personnel monitorsMeasuring and monitoring equipmentsAuthorization to procure radiation source
Thank you
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