View
215
Download
2
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
Quality Criteria for Dynamic Worksheets
Markus & Judith Hohenwarter www.geogebra.org
GeoGebra
GeoGebra
Design Principles for Multimediaby Richard Mayer (2001)
Multimedia Principleuse words and graphics rather than words alone
Contiguity Principleplace corresponding words & graphics near each other
Coherence Principleadding ‘interesting’ material can hurt learning
Personalization Principleuse conversational style and virtual coaches
Learner Control Principleuse learner control for learners with high prior knowledge or high metacognitive skills
Clark, R.; Mayer, R.E.: e-Learning and the Science of Instruction. San Francisco: Pfeiffer, 2002.
GeoGebra
Multimedia Principle – use words and graphics rather than words alone
Several empirical studies showed that the usage of text in combination with graphics can lead to better learning success than text alone
Example
A parallelogram is a four-sided plane figure that has two sets of opposite parallel sides.
GeoGebra
Contiguity Principle – place corresponding words and graphics near each other
Examples Mouse over / roll over –
pop-up texts appears when moving the mouse over a graphic
Integration of text into a graphic Place text next to the corresponding
graphic – provide descriptive texts as clearly arranged lists
GeoGebra
Coherence Principle – adding interesting material can hurt learning
When things have to be made interesting, it is because interest itself is wanting. Moreover, the phrase is a misnomer. The thing, the object, is no more interesting than it was before.
Dewey, J.: Interest and effort in education. Cambridge, MA : Houghton Mifflin, 1913.
GeoGebra
Coherence Principle – adding interesting material can hurt learning
“Interesting material” Entertaining stories (without connection to the
content) Decorative graphics Background music and graphics Sound effects
Note: Use these things very carefully!
GeoGebra
Personalization Principle – use conversational style …
Use conversational rather than formal style Address the students directly Use “you” in your descriptions and assignments
Why? Text is easier to understand Students will work harder at the assignments
when they feel like being a dialog partner Students will have more learning success
GeoGebra
Learner Control Principle – use learner control for learners…
Allow your students to choose (if possible)
Order of problems Setting the pace Additional support (exercises, definitions,…)
Learner control is adequate … … if learners have high prior knowledge … for contents at the end of a course … if learners have high metacognitive skills … if the content is easy to understand
GeoGebra
Examples for Dynamic Worksheets
What is wrong with these dynamic worksheets?
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Example 4
Static constructionTasks are not clear, questions too general
No explanation of the construction
Avoid static text in constructionText not fixed
Tasks not connected to the dynamic construction
GeoGebra
Examples for Dynamic Worksheets
What is wrong with these dynamic worksheets?
Example 5
Example 6
Example 7
Too much textWorksheet too long for one screen
Too many questions on one worksheetApplet cluttered with objectsText / sliders not fixedApplet too big
GeoGebra
Design Guidelines Dynamic construction
Allow as much dynamic variation as possible!The size of the applet matters!
It should be… … big enough to allow discoveries … small enough to fit on screen … small enough to leave space for explanations
and tasksExample: Rotated Point Practice (by Guy Barmoha)
GeoGebra
Design Guidelines Text
Use as little text as possible - every word counts! Convention
On top of the construction Short explanation of what this page is about Short description of the dynamic construction
Below the construction Tasks and assignments Instructions like "move point A" are part of the tasks
Example: Adding Integers on the Real Number Line (by Megan Yanes)
GeoGebra
Design Guidelines Tasks and assignments
Limited number of questions on one worksheet About 1 to 3 questions per worksheet More questions should be broken up into several worksheets
Solutions or information for other teachers Should not be part of the worksheet Add a .pdf document that describes your ideas
Explain new terms (e.g. "congruent") by giving examples related to the construction
GeoGebra
Design Guidelines If a worksheet is just for presentation by a teacher…
It might be better to have no tasks or questions on it If you have texts there they have to be clear for students.
General layout All contents (text & construction) should fit on one screen Students should not have to scroll between the task
explanations and the construction Take 1024x768 pixel or 1280x1024 pixel as the usual screen
sizeTip: use tables in NVU to achieve this
Example: Area of a Rhombus (by Barbara Perez)
GeoGebra
Design Guidelines
Tasks / assignments Make clear what the students should do Avoid questions like "What is always true?" Should the answer to a question be written down on
paper? If yes, say so on the worksheet or at least in accompanying material (e.g. lesson plan).
Constructions Fix texts and slider positions When a worksheet is opened you should be able to
read all labels (i.e. a point label should not be intersected by a line)
GeoGebra
Providing Dynamic Worksheets Provide all files of your dynamic worksheet
.html, .ggb, .jar files Internet, CD, USB drive,...
Student opens html file with a web browser
Requirements on student‘s computer: Web browser (e.g. Internet Explorer, Firefox, Safari) Java 1.4.2 or later (free download from
www.java.com) Note: Your students do NOT need GeoGebra to use
dynamic worksheets
Recommended