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Pyrolysis of Biomass
DST Science-meets-Industry Workshop:
Organic waste
Mike Heydenrych
26-27 November 2014
What can be pyrolysed?
• Tyres
• Plastics
• Agricultural residues
• Forestry residues
• Bagasse
• Maize stover
• Municipal organic residues
• Sewage sludge
• Algae
• Coal (In short, anything complex and organic)
Biomass Mt/year Reference
Forestry logging residues 6.7 IEA, 2010
Sawmill operations 2.1 DME, 2004
Pulp industry 1.0 DME, 2003
Total (Forestry & pulp) 9.8
Corn stover 10.7 DAFF, 2012
Wheat straw 2.0 DAFF, 2012
Sunflower stalks 0.6 DAFF, 2012
Sugar cane bagasse 5.5 DAFF, 2012
Total (Agricultural) 18.8
For agricultural residues, 5 years of data is used from DAFF, 2012 assuming production: residue ratio equals to 1. For sugar cane bagasse, Cardona et al.
2010 was used for the production of sugar cane bagasse from sugar cane.
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How much fuel can 30 Mt biomass produce?
Transportation fuel yield from biomass is approx. 30%
30 Mt x 0.3 = 9Mt
Compare this to SA’s annual petrol consumption: 8.6 Mt
Residues from the P&P and agricultural industries can
potentially produce 100% of SA’s petrol needs,
sustainably
Another source (not sustainable) is from alien plants:
(Estimated 20Mt of alien plant biomass available)
Why is CHAR important? (why not just burn it?)
Terra Preta (black soil)
• Returns minerals back to the soil
• Provides high surface area for adsorption of minerals and fertiliser
• Porous structure of char retains water well
• Trials show that plants grow well in soil treated with bio-char
Finally…
Carbon values are sequestered; biochar is stable and continues to provide the abovementioned benefits for thousands of years
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Combustion
Fluidized
Bed Pyrolysis
Fluidized Bed
Quencher and
Separator
Air LPG
Flue gas Ash
Hot solids
Pyro.
gas Char
Bio-oil
Biomass
Cold solids
& char
Non-condensable gas
Timelines
• Currently – Build Mk 2 pyrolysis apparatus for 35 kg/h
– Continue researching novel in-situ catalysts
• Jan – June 2015 Commission Mk2 (TRL 6) – Test agricultural residues
– Test in-situ catalysts
• 2016 –
Test alternative feeds and catalysts
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