Psychology

•Unit 6 : Learning•Questions compiled by Sue Boland, LHU of PAProgram developed by Dan Hosey, Bucknell U.

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Operant terms I

Social-cognitive

To Round Two!

Operant terms II

Classical terms II

Classical terms I

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What the term “conditioned” refers to.

Correct Answer

What the term “unconditioned” refers to:

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The name of the Russian Psychologist credited with

first scientific studies of classical conditioning.

Correct Answer

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A stimulus that elicits an automatic,

reflexive response.

Correct Answer

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The term for the bell after a dog learns that a bell signals food, and salivates to the ringing of

the bell.

Correct Answer

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Term for the dog’s salivation to the sound of a bell (after it has been paired with food).

Correct Answer

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The term for the dog’s salivation when food is placed in it’s mouth.

Correct Answer

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Happens the CS is no longer followed by the

UCS.

Correct Answer

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Process when organism responds to other stimuli

that are similar to CS.

Correct Answer

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Term for what happens if the organism responds to some stimuli, but not to

others.

Correct Answer

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The effect reinforcement has on behavior it follows.

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The effect punishment has on behavior it follows.

Correct Answer

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If something (stimulus) is added or given after a behavior is performed, then we use this term to describe

the type of reinforcement or punishment.

Correct Answer

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Correct Answer

If something (stimulus) is subtracted or taken away after a behavior is

performed, then we use this term to describe the type of reinforcement or

punishment.

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When a response is reinforced some of the time or part of the

time.

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The operant conditioning principle here:

When you perform a behavior, you receive a reward, so you repeat the

behavior.

Correct Answer

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Operant conditioning principle:

When something unpleasant is presented after a behavior, the

behavior is weakened or stopped.

Correct Answer

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The operant conditioning principle:

When something unpleasant is removed, and the behavior is

repeated.

Correct Answer

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You perform a behavior and then a pleasant stimulus is removed, you

don’t repeat the behavior.

Correct Answer

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If you want a response to persist after it is learned it is better to use this type of reinforcement.

Correct Answer

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Bandura used these toys to test his hypotheses about

learning.

Correct Answer

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The term for learning by watching another person’s behavior and

imitating that behavior.

Correct Answer

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C5 -300

300Joe won’t let his young son watch

WWF (wrestling). Joe concern is probably related to this type of

learning.

Classical,Operant, or

Observational

Correct Answer

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Prediction Bandura would make about child’s

behavior after the child watches another child be punished for hitting Bobo

doll.

Correct Answer

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Behaviorists and social-cognitive theories agree about classical, operant and even observational

learning, but they disagree about the importance of this for understanding human learning

Correct Answer

DAILY

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To Final Jeopardy!

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To Round One

Name that learning

Classical Examples I

Classical Examples II

When punishment and rewards go bad

Operant

Examples I

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200Before chemotherapy treatment a young cancer patient, Allen, is give a

bowl of ice cream. The chemo makes Allen nauseous.

Now just a taste of ice cream makes him nauseous.

The term for the chemo

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400Before chemotherapy treatment a young cancer patient, Allen, is give a bowl of ice cream. The chemo

makes Allen nauseous.

Now just a taste of ice cream makes him nauseous.

The term for the nausea after chemo

Correct Answer

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Correct Answer

Before chemotherapy treatment a young cancer patient, Allen, is give a

bowl of ice cream. The chemo makes Allen nauseous.

Now just a taste of ice cream makes him nauseous.

The term for the taste of ice cream

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800Before chemotherapy treatment a young cancer patient, Allen, is give a bowl of ice cream. The chemo

makes Allen nauseous. Now just a taste of ice cream makes

him nauseous.The term for the nausea after just a

taste of ice cream

Correct Answer

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Before chemotherapy treatment a young cancer patient, Allen, is give a bowl of ice

cream. The chemo makes Allen nauseous.

Now just a taste of ice cream makes him nauseous.

The term for Allen learning through classical conditioning to dislike the ice cream.

Correct Answer

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C7 -200

200It’s the unconditioned stimulus (UCS)

in this example:

On Halloween night, three-year-old Jodie heard the doorbell ring. When Jodie opened the door there stood a scary monster with ten

flashing eyes. Jodie screamed an ran away. For the next week Jodie hid under her bed

whenever the doorbell rang.

Correct Answer

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C7 -400

400It’s the conditioned stimulus (CS) in

this example:

On Halloween night, three-year-old Jodie heard the doorbell ring. When Jodie opened the door there stood a scary monster with ten

flashing eyes. Jodie screamed an ran away. For the next week Jodie hid under her bed

whenever the doorbell rang.

Correct Answer

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It’s the conditioned response (CR) in this example:

On Halloween night, three-year-old Jodie heard the doorbell ring. When Jodie opened the door there stood a scary monster with ten

flashing eyes. Jodie screamed an ran away. For the next week Jodie hid under her bed

whenever the doorbell rang.

Correct Answer

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Correct Answer

It’s the unconditioned response (UCR) in this example:

On Halloween night, three-year-old Jodie heard the doorbell ring. When Jodie opened the door there stood a scary monster with ten

flashing eyes. Jodie screamed an ran away. For the next week Jodie hid under her bed

whenever the doorbell rang.

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1000Identify the UCS, CS, UCR and CR in this

example:

Joe installs a new bird feeder in his back yard. His dog Spot, barks whenever he sees a squirrel. When a squirrel jumps

up on the new bird feeder, there is a clanking sound. Now Spot barks

whenever he hears the clanking sound.

Correct Answer

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200Operant conditioning principle

illustrated here:

Katie’s room is a mess. Her parents agree to increase her allowance by $5 if she agrees to clean her room each

week.

Correct Answer

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400Operant conditioning principle

illustrated here:

Dean stops to help a stranded motorist. The motorist is a thief and steals Dean’s car. Dean no longer

stops to help other stranded motorists.

Correct Answer

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Operant conditioning principle:

Although psychologists don’t advocate it, spanking is an

example.

Correct Answer

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Operant principle illustrated here:

Agnes is diabetic. If she watches her diet carefully, she doesn’t

have to give herself painful insulin shots. Agnes sticks to

her diet.

Correct Answer

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When her toddler cries, Marie picks her up. Now her toddler cries more often. Marie picks her up each time

to stop her crying.

Operant principle for toddler:Operant principle for Marie:

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Your text suggests that if you have a choice between using a harsh or

mild punishment to deter someone’s behavior it is best to

use this one.

Correct Answer

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C9 -400

400In theory, a behavior that is punished is

supposed to decrease. Research, however, shows that the more a child is

spanked for bad behavior this is the result:

Correct Answer

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C9 -600

600Heather plays tennis because she enjoys

the game. Emily plays tennis so she can get a scholarship. The type of reinforcer that motivates Heather.

Correct Answer

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When Bobby acts out in class, his teacher shouts at him to settle down. When the teacher shouts all the other students in

the class turn and look at Bobby. Bobby continues to act out in class. The reason the teacher’s punishment

isn’t working.

Correct Answer

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C9 -1000

1000Researcher, Mark Lepper, told some children that they would get an award if they drew a picture. Days later these same children could choose from a

variety of activities including drawing. This is what happened.

Correct Answer

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Correct Answer

The type of learning that was used to teach Little Albert to

fear a rat.

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Correct Answer

The term for the type of conditioning used to reduce the fear of rabbits in a boy named Peter. A psychologists helped Peter overcome his fear by giving him cookies in the presence of a rabbit.

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Correct Answer

Gloria’s little girl watches Gloria get ready for work every morning. One day Gloria discovers her little girl with rouge and lipstick all over her face. “Look mommy, me go work!” The little girl learned about “getting ready for work” through this process.

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A television advertisements shows a sleek car while a popular song plays in the background. The advertisement is using what psychological principle to

sell the car?

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Correct Answer

The type of learning illustrated here:

• You’re on a boring date and you complain of a headache.

• Thus, the date ends early.

• Next time you’re on a boring date, you claim you have a headache.

DAILY

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DAILY

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FINAL JEOPARDY CATEGORY

Principles of classical

conditioning

Correct Answer

Josh’s mom likes to bake when she’s in a good mood. When she’s in a bad mood she lights a scented candle and takes a bath. One afternoon, the aroma of fresh baked bread greets Josh as he comes home after school. He smiles – this will be a good day to ask his mom for a favor.

What principle of classical conditioning is illustrated here?

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What is:Learned?

(Hence classical conditioning is a type of learning.)

What is:

Unlearned?(Unconditioned means something is

automatic or reflexive, it doesn’t have to be learned.)

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Who is:

Ivan Pavlov?

(He noticed the phenomenon when he was researching

digestion in dogs.)

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400What is:

UCS?

Unconditioned Stimulus(e.g., food elicits salivation)

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What is:CS?

Conditioned Stimulus

(Bell that elicits salivation)

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100What is:

CR?

Conditioned response

(Salivation to the bell)

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What is:

UCR?

Unconditioned response(Dog automatically salivates to food.

It is not a learned response.)

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What is:

Extinction?(When the bell no longer signals food, the

dog will stop responding or salivating to the bell.)

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What is:Stimulus Generalization?

(e.g., if dog salivates to other sounds that resemble a ringing bell.)

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500What is:

Discrimination?(For example, when a dog learns to salivate to a high tone, but not to a low tone. Will learn this if the high tone is paired with food, but the low tone

is not paired with food. )

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100What is:

Increases or strengthens behavior?

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Decreases or weakens behavior?

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What is:

Positive?

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What is:

Negative?

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What is:Intermittent or partial

reinforcement?(Behavior might be reinforce based on time

interval (e.g., weekly exam) or based on number of responses (e.g., sales person

getting bonus after selling 10 cars.)

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What is:

Positive Reinforcement?(A stimulus is added – positive – that leads to a

repeat of behavior – reinforcement)

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What is:Positive punishment?

(A stimulus is added – positive- that leads to a decrease in behavior – punishment)

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What is:

Negative reinforcement?(A stimulus is removed – negative – that

leads to the behavior being repeated – reinforcement.)

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400What is:

Negative punishment?(A stimulus is taken away – negative – that

leads to the behavior stopping – punishment.)

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500What is:

Intermittent or partial reinforcement?

(Behavior that is reinforced on an intermittent schedule is less prone to

extinction than if it had been continuously reinforced.)

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What is:

Bobo doll?

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What is:

Observational learning?

(modeling)

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What is:

Observational learning?

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400What is:

The child is less likely to imitate the other child?

The observing child has learned that punishment is an expected

consequence of hitting the Bobo doll.

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What are:

Mental processes?

(e.g., expectations, memory, interpretations)

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What is:

UCS?

Unconditioned stimulus

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What is:

UCR?

Unconditioned response

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What is:

CS?

Conditioned stimulus

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What is:

CR?

Conditioned response

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1000What is:

Taste Aversion?

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What is:

The scary monster?

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What is:

The doorbell?

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What is:

hiding under the bed when the doorbell rings?

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800What is:

Screaming at the sight of the monster?

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1000What is:

UCS: Squirrel

CS: Clanking sound

UCR: Barking at squirrel

CR: Barking at sound

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What is:

Positive reinforcement?

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What is:

Negative punishment

(loss of car)

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What is:

Positive punishment?

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800What is:

Negative reinforcement?(Continuing on diet is rewarded by

avoiding painful shots.)

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What is:

Toddler: positive reinforcement?(Cry – get picked up – cry again – get picked up, etc.)

Marie: negative reinforcement?(Pick up crying child – crying stops – pick up crying child –

crying stops, etc. )

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What is:

Mild punishment? (Mild punishments sometimes work as well as harsh

punishments without some of the unwanted byproducts. For example, harsh punishments are more likely to elicit negative emotions from the recipient (anger, resentfulness, fear), that may contribute to more bad behavior. )

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What is:

Increase in bad behavior? (Several studies have measured a positive correlation

between number of spankings and number of antisocial behaviors. Correlation doesn’t prove cause, but the relationship should make you think about whether or not spanking is a good discipline technique. Spanking may work in the short run to stop unwanted behavior, but it doesn’t teach children how they should behave.)

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600What is:Intrinsic?

(Heather’s motivation or reinforcement comes from internal factors – her personal enjoyment of the game of tennis. Emily is playing tennis for an external reward – a scholarship. This makes Emily’s motivation extrinsic.)

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800What is:

Bobby is being made the center of attention?

(Bobby is getting reinforced for his acting out by getting attention from the teacher and other students. The teacher might try ignoring Bobby when he acts out, but rewarding him with attention when he behaves well.)

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1000What is :

The children spent less time drawing than they did before?

(The expectation of a reward reduced the children’s intrinsic interest in drawing. Drawing was now something they associated with a reward; if they were in a situation that didn’t promise a reward, they chose not to draw.)

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200What is:

Classical Conditioning?

The sequence of learning is below:

UCS UCRLoud sound crying

UCS + NS UCRLoud sound + rat crying

CS CRRat crying

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What is:Counter conditioning?

(This conditioning counteracts earlier learning. Peter unlearns his fear of

rabbits by learning a new association of rabbits with something he likes –

cookies.)

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What is:

Observational learning?

(Also known as modeling)

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What is:

Classical conditioning?

(The advertiser is pairing a liked stimulus – UCS - with a initially neutral stimulus – the car. The advertiser hopes that you will associate the two, so your response to the music (UCR) will also occur in response to the car (CR) – you’ll like them both.)

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What is:

Operant conditioning?

(This is an example of negative reinforcement. Complaining of a headache is reinforced by the

removal of an unpleasant stimulus – a boring date.)

What is:

Stimulus discrimination?(Josh has learned to associate different smells

with his mom’s different moods. The scents of baking are associated with his mom being in a good mood, and that may influence her

willingness to do him a favor. If he had smelled a candle when he arrived home, his

response would have been different.)