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PSYC550Biological Bases of
BehaviorSchizophrenia, Mood, and
Anxiety
Schizophrenia
• seasonality effect– The increased incidence of schizophrenia
in people born during late winter and early spring.
• hypofrontality– Decreased activity of the prefrontal
cortex; believed to be responsible for the negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
Schizophrenia
• chlorpromazine– A dopamine receptor blocker; a commonly
prescribed antischizophrenic drug.
• tardive dyskinesia– A movement disorder that can occur after
prolonged treatment with antipsychotic medication, characterized by involuntary movements of the face and neck.
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Major Affective Disorders
• lithium– A chemical element; lithium carbonate is
used to treat bipolar disorder.
• monoamine hypothesis– A hypothesis that states that depression is
caused by a low level of activity of one or more monoaminergic synapses.
• precursor (tryptophan) depletion/loading• Hyperthyroidism/Hypothyroidism
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Major Affective Disorders
• seasonal affective disorder– A mood disorder characterized by depression,
lethargy, sleep disturbances, and craving for carbohydrates during the winter season when days are short.
• summer depression– A mood disorder that occurs specifically in
the summer; characterized by depression, sleep disturbances, and loss of appetite.
• phototherapy– Treatment of seasonal affective disorder by
daily exposure to bright light.
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Anxiety Disorders
• obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)– A mental disorder characterized by
obsessions and compulsions.
• obsession– An unwanted thought or idea with which a
person is preoccupied.
• compulsion– The feeling that one is obliged to perform
a behavior, even if one prefers not to do so.
Anxiety Disorders
• Tourette’s syndrome– A neurological disorder characterized by
tics and involuntary vocalizations and sometimes by compulsive uttering of obscenities and repetition of the utterances of others.
• cingulotomy– The surgical destruction of the cingulum
bundle, which connects the prefrontal cortex with the limbic system; helps reduce intense anxiety and the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Which of the following medical conditions is
well-known for mimicking Anxiety?
Hyp
erth
yroid
ism
Gout
Kid
ney D
ysfu
nctio
n
B6
Defic
ienc
y
25% 25%25%25%1. Hyperthyroidis
m2. Gout3. Kidney
Dysfunction4. B6 Deficiency
1010
Which of the following is the most worrisome side
effect of classical antipsychotics?
Hyp
ersa
livat
ion
Ser
otonin
Syn
drom
e
Sed
atio
n
Tar
dive
Dyske
nesia
25% 25%25%25%
1. Hypersalivation2. Serotonin
Syndrome3. Sedation4. Tardive
Dyskenesia
1010
Questions? Thoughts?
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