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21/04/2013
1
ProposalProposal for benchmark for benchmark studystudy
Full Full scalescale warehousewarehouse real real firefire testtest
FULL FULL SCALESCALE WAREHOUSEWAREHOUSE IN IN STEELSTEEL STRUCTURESTRUCTURE
COST, 18-19 April 2013
Main goal of the test
� experimental investigation on the shape of flames and
consequent radiation heat flux
Full scale test was performed with
� Storage building occupying an area of more than 1600 m²
with two compartments of 36 x 24 m
� Unprotected steel frame
� Height of the building: 12 m
� different types of façade cladding
� Storage ratio: 80% of racks filled with wood racks
21/04/2013
2
FULL FULL SCALESCALE WAREHOUSEWAREHOUSE IN IN STEELSTEEL STRUCTURESTRUCTURE
COST, 18-19 April 2013
Fire wall
≈≈≈≈ 12 m
Warehouse divided into two fire compartments and one of
them subject to fire
FULL FULL SCALESCALE WAREHOUSEWAREHOUSE IN IN STEELSTEEL STRUCTURESTRUCTURE
COST, 18-19 April 2013
The compartment subject to fire with all building components
• structure (hot-rolled members) and envelop (roof and façades)
36 m x (24 m + 24 m)
H = 12 m
21/04/2013
3
FULL FULL SCALESCALE WAREHOUSEWAREHOUSE WITHWITH WOODWOOD PALLETSPALLETS
COST, 18-19 April 2013
Mur CF
IPE600
IPE600
24 m 24 m
IPE600
IPE 220
UPN 160
11,74
24 m 24 m
36 m
3 m
6 m
bardage double-peau
bardage simple-peau non protégé
bardage double-peau
toiture (bac acier + étanchéité)
IPE600
IPE 270
IPE 270
IPE600
Mur CF en plaque de plâtre
Mur CF en béton cellulaire
Mur CF en béton cellulaire
IPE 220
Five 8 m high racks filled with wood pallets (310 tons of wood)
FULL FULL SCALESCALE WAREHOUSEWAREHOUSE
COST, 18-19 April 2013
Ventilation condition:
• Roof: four 3 m x 2 m smoke exhaust vents
• Façade: five 1 m x 2,5 m reduced scale doors
21/04/2013
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FULL FULL SCALESCALE WAREHOUSEWAREHOUSE FIRE TESTFIRE TEST
COST, 18-19 April 2013
Data recording
• 183 TC of which 87 for structural memebrs
• 2 displacement transducers on fire wall columns
• 38 heat fluxmeters
• 18 cameras
Detailed experimental results
• Videos
• Excel files
• Test report in French
THERMAL COUPLES
COST, 18-19 April 2013
Bardage double peau
Bar
dage
sim
ple
peau
Bar
dage
dou
ble
pea
u
Mur CF
IPE600
IPE 220
UPN 160 24 m 24 m
36 m
3 m
6 m
IPE600
IPE 270
IPE 270
IPE600
IPE 220
C20-C21 C10-C11
B1
B2
B3 B4
B5 B6
B7
B8 B9
B10 B11
C7-C9
C4-C6
C1-C3
C12-C13
C14-C15
B12
B13
B14
B15
Bx : poutre
Cx : poteau
C16-C17
C18-C19
21/04/2013
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CHRONOLOGY OF THE FIREFIRE
COST, 18-19 April 2013
a : Allumage des palettes b : Développement du feu 7 min après l’allumage avec chute de débris
c : Propagation du feu à la rangé D (par rayonnement) au niveau inférieur
d : Effondrement de la rangée de racks E vu par la caméra placée entre les rangées D et E
CAM_3H-2m_1min28’ après allumage
CAM_3H-2m_7min 32’ après allumage
CAM_3H-2m_10min00’ après allumage CAM_4H+4m_≈22min après allumage
CHRONOLOGY OF THE FIREFIRE
COST, 18-19 April 2013
7.5 min 11 min 15 min
18.5 min 21.5 min 21.5 min
25 min 30 min 35 min
21/04/2013
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CHRONOLOGY OF THE FIREFIRE
COST, 18-19 April 2013
35 min
40 min
61 min
65 min
GAS TEMPERATURE
COST, 18-19 April 2013
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Tem
pé
ratu
re (
°C)
Temps (min)
TC13 TC14
TC15 TC16
TC17 TC18
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Tem
pér
atu
re (
°C)
Temps (min)
TC26 TC27 TC28 TC29
TC30 TC31 TC32
central rack: source of the fire
rack close to façade
21/04/2013
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TEMPERATURE OF STEEL BEAMS
COST, 18-19 April 2013
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27
Tem
pé
ratu
re (
°C)
Temps (min)
TC1
TC2
TC3
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27
Tem
pé
ratu
re (
°C)
Temps (min)
TC13
TC14
TC15
TEMPERATURE OF STEEL COLUMNS
COST, 18-19 April 2013
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27
Tem
pé
ratu
re (
°C)
Temps (min)
TC 26 : C1 TC 32 : C2
TC 33 : C2 TC 38 : C3TC 43 : C4 TC 46 : C5TC 47 : C5
0
100
200
300
400
500
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27
Tem
pé
ratu
re (
°C)
Temps (min)
TC 22 : C1 TC 23 : C1 TC 28 : C2
TC 29 : C2 TC 34 : C3 TC 35 : C3
TC 40 : C4 TC 41 : C4 TC 44 : C5
TC 45 : C5 TC 60 : C9 TC 61 : C9
21/04/2013
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STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOUR
COST, 18-19 April 2013
Real fire
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210
Dis
plac
emen
t(m
m)
Time (min)
Dép_Poteau 1
Dép_Poteau 2
OBJECTIVE OF BENCHMARK STUDY
COST, 18-19 April 2013
• Fire resistance of unprotected steel structure under real fire
• Tenability condition for occupants before the collapse of
unprotected steel structure
• Failure mode of unprotected steel structure
• inward collpase
• Progressive collapse of steel structures
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