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Project Bellerophon 1
PROJECT BELLEROPHON
Final Design PresentationGreek hero who rode Pegasus
HERO BELLEROPHON(buh-lair'-uh-fahn)
Project Bellerophon 2
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r = 50 m
Design Goals
Saturn V118,000 kg $2.7 billion
Ariane 45,000 kg$105 million
Vanguard9 kg$11 million
Pegasus375 kg$16 million
? ? ?Bellerophon200 g, 1kg, 5kg$???
Payload:Cost:
102 m
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Project Bellerophon 3
• Probability of success : 90.00% ( with catastrophic failure)
Design Requirements
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QuickTime™ and a decompressor
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QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.Perigee
• Perigee of 300 km
• Probability of success : 99.86% ( without catastrophic failure)
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
• All possible propellants, material and launch methods should be considered
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• $ Minimize Cost $
Project Bellerophon 4
Things We Ignored
• Physics not Politics• Development costs• 12 launches/year
FAA DecreePre-Application ConsultEnvironmental ReviewPayload Review
Hazard Analysis
Financial ResponsibilitySystem Failure ModesSafety Review
Compliance MonitoringFinal Approval
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Project Bellerophon 5
Preliminary Analysis
Materials
Aluminum
Composite
Steel
Titanium
Launch Methods
Ground
Aircraft
Balloon
Railgun
Conventional Gun
Propellants
Cyrogenic
Storable
Hybrid
Solid
LOX / LH2
H2O2 / RP-1
H2O2 / HTPB
AP / Al / HTPB
20,480 possible combinations for each payload!5,616
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
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QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Project Bellerophon 6
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.QuickTime™ and a
decompressorare needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Model Analysis
MA - SS - DA - HT
Payload / Launch Description Staging Details
• Medium Payload (1 kg)
• Aircraft Launch
Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3
• Storable Prop
• Steel
• Solid Prop
• Aluminum
• Hybrid Prop
• Titanium
5,616 possible combinations for each payload!3
Project Bellerophon 7
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
r = 50 m
Final Design
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Rough Vehicle SubsystemsRequirements PropulsionInert Mass
RefinedVehicle
Trajectory
Final Vehicle
Launch Vehicle
AerothermalAvionicsD & C
PropulsionStructuresTrajectory
Project Bellerophon 8
Designing a Trajectory
• Can the vehicle make it into orbit?
• What is the best path to take to get there?
Nominal Trajectory - 1 kg Payload
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QuickTime™ and a decompressor
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Project Bellerophon 11
AerothermalAvionicsD & C
PropulsionStructuresTrajectory
Final Design
D & C NominalTrajectory
Vehicle ready for Monte Carlo
ControlledTrajectory
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r = 50 m
Rough Vehicle SubsystemsRequirements PropulsionInert Mass
RefinedVehicle
Trajectory
Final Vehicle
Launch Vehicle
Project Bellerophon 12
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Accounting for ErrorsMonte Carlo Analysis
IdealVehicle
Manufacturing Uncertainties
Actual Vehicle
+ =
10,000 Xs
D&C Monte Carlo Simulator
Computes perigee
minert
mprop
m
.
.
.
Fre
quen
cy
Perigee (km)
1kg Launch Vehicle: Perigee Altitude HistogramStandard Dev = 16 km Mean = 368 km
RequirementPerigee > 300 km
Perigee (km)
Project Bellerophon 13
1 kg Failure
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Low on gas
Heavy
Poorengineperformance
Project Bellerophon 15
Monte Carlo Analysis Results
Payload Monte Carlo Results
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Min Perigee Mean Perigee Max Perigee
Performance
Perigee (km)
200 g1 kg5 kg
99.99%99.99%
99.99%99.99%
100.00%100.00%
SuccessRate
Project Bellerophon 16
Final Vehicle Specifics
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QuickTime™ and a decompressor
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QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.Payload: 200 gLength: 10.18 mDiameter: 1.29 m
Payload: 1 kgLength: 8.65 mDiameter: 1.13 m
Payload: 5 kgLength: 14.25 mDiameter: 1.84 m
Payload Mass [kg]
Vehicle GLOM [kg]
V [m/s]
Controlled Perigee [km]
0.2 2,580 11,900 486
1.0 1,750 9,890 367
5.0 6,290 10,150 513
Q u ic k T ime ™ a n d a d e c o mp re s s o r
a re n e e d e d to s e e th is p ic tu re .
Q u ic k T ime ™ a n d a d e c o mp re s s o r
a re n e e d e d to s e e th is p ic tu re .
Q u ic k T ime ™ a n d a d e c o mp re s s o r
a re n e e d e d to s e e th is p ic tu re .
Project Bellerophon 17
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Tour of Vehicle1 kg payload
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Launch Vehicle
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Helium Balloon
Gondola
Project Bellerophon 18
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Tour of Vehicle
1 kg payload
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QuickTime™ and a decompressor
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Stage 3
Stage 2
Stage 1
9 m
Project Bellerophon 19
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Tour of Vehicle1 kg payload
Stage 3
Nose Cone (Al / Ti)
Payload (1.64% of mstage3)
Propellant (AP / Al / HTPB)
Spin Table
3rd Stage Nozzle
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mstage3 is 4% of GLOM
Project Bellerophon 20
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Tour of Vehicle
1 kg payload
Stage 2
Inter-stage Skirt
2nd Stage Avionics
Liquid Injection Thrust
Vector Control (LITVC) Tank
(H202)
mstage2 is 26% of GLOM
Project Bellerophon 21
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Tour of Vehicle1 kg payload
Stage 1
Pressurant (N2)
Inter-tank Coupler
Oxidizer Tank (H202)
Fuel Tank (HTPB)
mstage1 is 70% of GLOM
Project Bellerophon 23
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Mission Timeline1 kg payload
1 hr 35 min balloon ascent + 8 min 35 sec launch vehicle ascent= 1.7 hour total mission
Launch
h = 30 km
T+ = 0s
1st Stage Separation
h = 87.4 km
T+ = 140.8 s
Nose Cone Jettison
h = 90.00 km
2nd Stage Separation
h = 257 km
T+ = 320.0 s
3rd Stage Separation
h = 381 km
T+ = 515.3 s
Project Bellerophon 24
Catastrophic RiskHistorical Analysis
Item Failure Rate Success Rate
Stage 1 Propellants 2.08% 97.92%
Stage 2 Propellants 1.44% 98.56%
Stage 3 Propellants 1.44% 98.56%
Stage / Payload Separation 0.23% 99.77%
Nose Cone Jettison 0.28% 99.72%
Electrical 0.43% 99.57%
Avionics 0.43% 99.57%
Total 6.16% 93.84%
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Project Bellerophon 25
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are needed to see this picture.
Catastrophic RiskHistorical Analysis
Number of Launches
Success Rate for Past 10
10 60.00%
20 80.00%
30 100.00%
Pegasus
Number of Launches
Success Rate
≤ 12 60.00%
≤ 24 80.00%
> 24 93.84%
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are needed to see this picture.
Project Bellerophon 26
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are needed to see this picture.
Cost Model
• Can we use existing prices from large launch vehicles to help find ours?
Payload Mass [kg]
Total Vehicle Cost
0.2 $35,000
1.0 $100,000
5.0 $300,000
Project Bellerophon 27
Cost Model
• Build and launch cost includes:- Material - Engine - Handling- Labor - Propellant - Avionics- Tank - Balloon - Gondola
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.Payload: 200 g
$ 3.6 M
Payload: 1 kg
$ 3.2 M
Payload: 5 kg
$ 4.7 M
Project Bellerophon 28
• Small launch vehicle price : $ 4M
Conclusions
• High altitude launch is a necessity
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.• Need to optimize trajectory and D&C
• Space grade avionics are too expensive
• Engines and tanks do not scale simply
• Prices are difficult to assess
Project Bellerophon 29
Meet the TeamAerothermal Brian Budzinski
Jason Darby Chris Strauss Alex Woods Jayme Zott
TrajectoryScott Breitengross
Daniel ChuaKyle DonahueBradley Ferris
Allen GuzikElizabeth Harkness
Jun Kanehara
Avionics Nicole Bryan
Timothy Lorenzana Justin Rhodes Danielle Yaple
Propulsion Jerald Balta
John Beasley Stephen Bluestone
Richard Hinton Dana Lattibeaudiere
William Ling Stephanie Morris Stephan Shurn Nicole Wilcox
Structures David Childers Jessica Doyle
Steven Hiu Steven Izzo Molly Kane
Jessica Schoenbauer Sarah Shoemaker Vincent Teixeira Brandon White
D & C Albert Chaney Alfred Lynam Jeffrey Stuart Adam Waite
Michael Walker
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