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Prof. Micaela CarvajalProfesora de Investigación
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Prof. Micaela CarvajalProfesora de Investigación
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
CAPACITY OF CO2 FIXATION OF MURCIAN CROPS
CAPACITY OF CO2 FIXATION OF MURCIAN CROPS
• Introduction• Methodology applied• Results• Conclusions
• Introduction• Methodology applied• Results• Conclusions
Atmospheric CO2
Sun
Photosynthesis
Atmosphere
RespirationCompost The burning of
plant material
Fossil fuelsSoil
Organic material (Biomass)
El CO2 atmosférico
El suelo
Prediction that 100,000 ARTIFICIAL TREES in 2050 will absorbe 330 mT of CO2 emissions.
(Image: artificial trees in the North Sea and IMechE’s artist impression of UK in 2060 )
Photosynthesis
H2O + NADP+ +Pi + ADP O2 + H+ + NADPH + ATP.
luz
CO2 + NADPH + H+ + ATP GLUCOSA + Pi + NADP+ + ADP
First stage
Second stage
Different CO2 fixations
Plants C-3: Stomata opened during daylight for CO2 , fixation. This fact produces a continue water loss by transpiration.
Plants C-4: Stomata opened during daylight . They have got CO2 pump intermediaries in cells that allow stomata closing and continue photosynthesis .
Plants CAM: Stomata opened during night . Reduction of water loss by transpiration. They have got CO2 pump intermediaries as pool.
ABIOTIC STRESS
H2O minerals
N, P , K, S, Mg, Ca
Cu, Mn, Zn, B
CO 2
O2
H2 O
H2OFe Mo
Environmental conditions that can
cause stressCO2
•water-logging•drought•high or low temperatures•excessive soil salinity•inadequate mineral in the soil•too much or too little light
YieldGrowth
CO2
-CO2 fixation Stomata open. Stomatal conductivity
-CO2 diffusionInternal conductivity
Photosynthesis
CO 2
Abiotic stress
CO2 fixation
Murcian agriculture
Excellent climatic conditions - High productivity
Non limiting factors – Optimisation of resources
Good crop practices - Sustainability of farms management
OBJECTIVE
In this scientific work the rate of CO2fixation has been determined in the more important crops in Region of Murcia.
•Crops whose irrigation surface › 1000 Ha
•Rate of CO2 fixation has been calculated based in:
- Annual biomass. - Carbon content in tissues
• Introduction• Methodology applied• Results• Conclusions
Material vegetal y procesado
CO2 fixation
Production of annual biomass:
Plant Shoot (fruit) Three Root
Total carbon was analysed from annual biomas
Horticultural plants Tomato, pepper, watermelon, melon, lettuce and broccoli
•Three plants of each specie was collected at the end of their growing cycle.
•Fruits, leaves, stems and roots were separated and weighed to determine their fresh weight.
•They were introduced in a hot air oven at 70 º C until constant weight to determine dry weight.
•They were ground in a laboratory mill,
•Carbon was measured.
Fruit treesApricot, plum, peach, nectarine and table grape
•Three trees of each species were collected after fruit harvesting
•Leaves, annual stems and annual roots were separated and weighted to determine their fresh weight per year.
•The trunk and on annuals branches were weighed and divided by n-years to determine their annual fresh weight.
•Fruit samples were taken separately.
•A representative sample were introduced in a hot air oven at 70 º C until constant weight to determine dry weight.
•They were ground in a laboratory mill..
•Carbon was measured.
Citrus trees lemon, orange and mandarin •Three trees of each species were uprooted
•Leaf, non-wood branch and root were separated and weighted to determine their fresh weight. For calculating of total carbon captured per tree and per year, it was found that leaf biomass is renewed every 3 years.
•The trunk and on annuals branches were weighed and divided by n-years to determine their annual fresh weight.
•Fruit samples were taken.
•A representative sample were introduced in a hot air oven at 70 º C until constant weight to determine dry weight.
•They were ground in a laboratory mill.
•Carbon was measured.
Carbon analyzer
Total carbon content was measured in sub-samples (about 2-3 mg PS) of leaves, stems, fruits and roots with an N-C analyzer.
NC analyzer-Thermo Finnigan 1112 EA. Basic Analizer(Thermo Finnigan-, Milán, Italia).
Hot air oven at 70oC
• Introduction• Methodology applied• Results• Conclusions
Tables of results
Fresh weight Dry weight Humidity %C Total C Total C TOTAL PLANT
TOMATO (g plant-1) (g plant-1) % (% D.W.) (g m-2 year-1) (T ha-1 year-1) g C Plant-1 g CO2 Plant-1 Root 134 22,5 83,23 38,96 17,5 0,2 8,8 32,3 Stem 1.434 296,8 79,30 40,36 240 2,4 120 440
Leaves 866 169,7 80,40 40,99 139 1,4 69,6 255 Fruit 3.394 510,8 84,95 46,05 470,4 4,7 235,2 862 Total 5.827 1.000 867 8,7 433 1.590
Fresh weigth Dry weight Humidity %C Total C Total C TOTAL TREE
APRICOT TREE (g tree-1) (g tree-1) % (% dry weight) (g m-2 year1) (T ha-1 year-1) g C tree-1 g CO2 Tree-1 Root 25.217 15.130 40,00 43,04 132,8 1,3 6.512 23.870
Branches 10.185 6.057 40,53 46,74 57,8 0,6 2.831 10.381 Leaves 12.081 5.074 58,00 45,13 46,7 0,5 2.290 8.396 Fruits 125.000 18.588 85,13 64,5 174,3 1,7 8.545 31.331 Trunk 10.297 6.134 40,53 46,74 58,5 0,6 2.867 10.512 Total 182.780 50.983 470,1 4,7 23.045 84.498
tomatepimiento
sandíamelón
lechugabroculi
alcachofacoliflo
ravena
cebadatrig
o
albaricoquerociruelo
melocotonero
nectarina
uva de mesalimonero
naranjo
mandarino
C fi
xed
annu
al (g
m-2
)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Total annual Carbon fixed by each crop express by surface units (m2)
Tomato
Pepper
Waterm
elonMelon
Lettuce
Brocco
li
Artich
oke
Couliflower
PlumPeach
Nectarin
e
Tablegrape
Lemon
Orange
Mandarine
Apricot
tomatepimiento
sandíamelón
lechugabróculi
coliflor
alcachofaavena
cebadatrig
o
C a
nnua
l fix
ed (g
pla
nt-1
)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
albaricoquerociruelo
melocotonero
nectarina
uva de mesalimonero
naranjo
mandarino
C a
nnua
l fix
ed (g
tree
-1)
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
Total annual Carbon fixed by each crop express by plant or tree
PlumPeach
Nectarin
e
Tablegrape
Lemon
Orange
Mandarine
Tomato
Pepper
Waterm
elonMelon
Lettuce
Brocco
li
Artich
oke
Couliflower
Oat
Barley
Wheat
Apricot
5.79Pathways
5.77Non crop fields
7.13Citrus
7.15Fruit trees
6.36Cereals
6.05Horticultural crops
C TOTAL (%)Type of soil
Total Carbon (%) accumulated in soils in each of the studied crop field
Samples taken at 30 cm from the surface
Comparison with literature results
tomatepimiento
sandíamelón
lechugabroculi
alcachofacoliflo
ravena
cebadatrig
o
albaricoquerociruelo
melocotonero
nectarina
uva de mesalimonero
naranjo
mandarino
C a
nnua
l fix
ed (g
m-2
)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Tomato
Pepper
Waterm
elonMelon
Lettuce
Brocco
li
Artich
oke
Couliflower
Apricot
PlumPeach
Nectarin
e
Tablegrape
Lemon
Orange
Mandarine
• Introduction• Methodology applied• Results• Conclusions
•All crops studied are highly efficient in CO2 fixation
• Better crop conditions will optimise the CO2 efficient
•The byproducts should be taken into account
CO2 Fixation
Nutrient uptake
Water uptake
Biomass development
Acknowledgements
Technical assisant and harvesting
LANGMEAD FARMS, Experimental farm of CEBAS-CSIC, JOSÉ PEÑALVER FERNÁNDEZ, CDTA EL MIRADOR, MORTE QUILES, FRUTAS ESTHER, FRUTAS TORERO, APROEXPAFECOAM
Prof. Micaela CarvajalDr. M. Carmen Martínez-BallestaDr. Carlos Alcaraz Beatriz Muries- PhD studentMaría Iglesias -PhD studentCesar Mota- PhD studentM. Carmen Rodriguez- PhD studentCelia Gutierrez-PhD studentEva Morales-Technician
Dept. Plant Nutrition CEBAS-CSIC
Group of AquaporinsProteín identification
CO2 exchange
Estomata analysis
Carbon Analysis
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