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PRODUCT DESIGN and DEVELOPMENT
Chapter 6: Product Specification
LecturerTetuko Kurniawan
Teaching sourebook:Chapter 6 of Product Design and Development Karl T. Ulrich & Steven D. Eppinger
PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
establishingTarget Specifications:1. Prepare the list of metrics2. Collect competitive benchmarking
information3. Set ideal and marginally acceptable
target value4. Reflect on the results
Set Final Spec.:1. Develop technical models of the product2. Develop a cost model of the product3. Refine the specifications, making trade-
offs where necessary4. Flow down the specifications5. Reflect on the results and the process
What are specifications?
• Product Specification is precise description of what the product has to do.
Customer needs“language of the customer”’Example- Easy to install
Customer needs“language of the customer”’Example- Easy to install
Product specifications“metric” and a valueExample:metric: time required for assembly of fork to the frame. Value: 20 seconds.
Product specifications“metric” and a valueExample:metric: time required for assembly of fork to the frame. Value: 20 seconds.
Customer needCustomer need
Metric and valuesMetric and values
Need - metric Table Need - metric Table
A few guidelines...● Metrics should be complete: all metrics correlate with
satisfaction of need. ● Metrics should be dependent variable.
Dependent: mass of fork vs independent: material of fork. ● Metrics should be practical● Some needs cannot easily be translated into quantifiable
metrics. Example “pride when using the product”● The metric should include popular criteria for comparison
in the marketplace
Collect Competitive Benchmarking Information
Compare all the metrics in competitor products
Time consuming activities
Data from competitors not always true
Compare all the metrics in competitor products
Time consuming activities
Data from competitors not always true
Other format of benchmarking
Dot: customer perception of the relative degree to which their products satisfy their needsNeed more time to collect customer perception data
**** more dots means better satisfaction
● Two types of target values– Ideal values: best result the team could hope for
– Marginally acceptable value: value of the metric that could just barely make the product commercially viable
● Five ways to express:– At least X
– At most X
– Between X and Y
– Exactly X
– A set of discrete values
Set Ideal and Marginally Acceptable Target values
Example
Setting the final Specifications:Develop technical models of the product
Develop a cost model of the productRefine the specifications, making trade-offs where necessary
Flow down the specificationsReflect on the results and the process
(recommended steps)
Develop technical models of the product
● Technical model of a product is a tool for predicting the values of the metrics for a particular set of design decisions → analytical and physical approximations of the product
● This modeling:– Allows prediction if set of spec. is technically feasible by exploring different
combinations of design variables → predict technical performance
– prevents the team from setting a combinations of specifications that cannot be achieved
Input: independent variable
Output: dependent variable
Built and test
Simulation/theory
● Product can be produced at a target cost● Target cost is the manufacturing cost at which
the company and its distribution partners can make adequate profits while still offering the products to the customer at competitive price
● Creating Bill of Material → estimate cost for each part + rough estimate assembly & overhead cost
● Cost model → predict cost performance
Cost Model of the Products
Cost Model of the Products
Competitive map and trad off curves
Competitive map: position the new product relative to the competitionTrade off curves: performance of the product concept for a range of design variables
Set the Final Specification
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