Princípios de Implementação de Jogos com Modelos 3D em C++ Marcelo Johann II Semana de Tecnologia...

Princípios de Implementação de Princípios de Implementação de Jogos com Modelos 3D em C++Jogos com Modelos 3D em C++

Marcelo JohannMarcelo Johann

II Semana de TecnologiaDepartamento de Tecnologia da UNIJUÍ

UNIJUÍ 2004 - Marcelo Johann – Mini Curso de Games : 2

Outline for IntroductionOutline for Introduction

Introduction - how games evolved?Motivation - why teaching games?Goals - what to get from the course?Methodology - what’s gonna happen here?Background - what are you expected to know?Infrastructure - HW and SW that we need…Interaction - Keep questioning me…

Contents…

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IntroductionIntroduction

• Back to the 80’s…

http://www.mobygames.com/game/shots/gameId,575/

Moon Patrol

Galaga

http://spacemul.emu-france.com/screen.php3?id=13&lettre=G&lang=eng

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IntroductionIntroduction

• 1986: first 3D games appearing…

http://spacemul.emu-france.com/screen2.php3?id2=14687&lang=eng

Alien 8

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IntroductionIntroduction

http://www.rottentomatoes.com/g/pc_games/half_life_2/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/g/pc_games/half_life_2/images.phpimages.php

• And today…

Half Life 2

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IntroductionIntroduction

http://www.mobygames.com/game/shots/p,3/gameId,3758/http://www.mobygames.com/game/shots/p,3/gameId,3758/

Mobil 1 British Rally Championship

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IntroductionIntroduction

• Evolution of computer games

From 1D, 2D to complex 3D universe

• Needs: hardware, software, artwork

• Trends:

Continuous hardware evolution

Engines - higher abstraction levels

Professional programming techniques

Extensive visual work -> $$$

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MotivationMotivation

• Computing requires Programming• Learning how to program is not simple• Difficulty to begin and to be professional

time, interaction, experience• Need for problems that justify complex programming languages and techniques

Games: lot of fun and learning potential

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GoalsGoals• Learning and Practicing Object-Oriented Programming

– Professional C++, modular, O-O• Learning technologies for the development of games that use 3D models

– Engines, 3D modeling– Game architecture and timing – Game techniques

with many other applicationswith many other applications

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MethodologyMethodology• Hands-on

• based on step-by-step examples

Test/Ask about everything

• At the beginning: – No class definitions!– Avoid using complex C++ constructions;– Emphasis on productivity

• Complexity is introduced when required

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BackgroundBackground• Structured programming• C language• Basic data structures

Not necessary:– experience on C++ programming– advanced computer graphics

Ask about people’s background

Should ask anything that you don’t know!

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InfrastructureInfrastructure• Fast computer with:

OpenGL, “Accelerated” graphic cardLinux with gcc, g++, make (Mac OS X now)

• Gizmo3D

http://www.tooltech-software.com/

• Crystal Space

http://sourceforge.net/projects/crystal

• Open Dynamics Engine

http://ode.org

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Outline for ContentsOutline for Contents

IntroductionMain engine - Gizmo3D structure and start up3D modeling - from triangles to transformsEvents - how to read keyboard inputLogic - game actions and controlSimulation loop - structure, moves, timingTerrains and LODs - levels of detailAnimation / levels - frame, skeleton conceptsCollision and Physics - world behaviorThings that we did not consider…

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Main EngineMain Engine

Gizmo3DGizmo3D• Features• Tutorial slides:

* skip gzApplication methods and task* skip gzGeometry and gzTransform * stop at the Expanding Scene

• start with exe00• Essential constructions of O-O

– Just Object *pt = new Object(...);Object *pt = new Object(...);– And result = pt -> method(...);result = pt -> method(...);

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3D Modeling3D Modeling

SurfacesSurfaces• Triangles

- the easiest way* exe01

• Material

• Lighting* http://www.xmission.com/~nate/tutors.html

* exe02 and exe03

* slides Gizmo Material

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3D Modeling3D Modeling

• Texture

* gizmo databases

* exe04 to exe11

(0,0) (1,0)

(0,1) (1,1)

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3D Modeling3D Modeling

• Transformations

* gizmo slides 66 to 76

* exe12 to exe14

• Cloning

* exe15

• Groups

* exe17 a exe19

• Billboard

* gizmo’s billboard and my tests

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Control EventsControl Events

•O-O

* exe20 to exe21

• app->run and onTick

* gizmo slides 29 a 36

* exe22

•app->run and onIdle

onTickonTick and and onIdleonIdle have to call refreshWindow have to call refreshWindow

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Logic of the GameLogic of the Game

Logic Model may be different from 3D

• First City

* exe25

• Estoque: “Sokoban”

* estoque

• Network

* show socketControl in drive44

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Simulation LoopSimulation Loopvoid MyApp::onIdle()

{

if(m_win->m_key_left_is_down)

car1->changeDirection(-1,m_win->getFrameRate());

if(m_win->m_key_right_is_down)

car1->changeDirection(1,m_win->getFrameRate());

if(m_win->m_key_up_is_down) car1->speedup(1.3f);

if(m_win->m_key_down_is_down) car1->slowdown(1.3f);

car1->move( 1, m_win->getFrameRate());

car2->move(m_win->getFrameRate());

car3->move(m_win->getFrameRate());

cam->move(m_win->getFrameRate());

m_win->refreshWindow();

}

Drive exe44

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Playing with ModelsPlaying with Models

Take drive44

Take models from: www.3dtotal.com

* sofa.3ds

* speedboat.3ds

* chevi_camaro.3DS

* tiebomber.3ds

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Terrain and LODTerrain and LOD

terrain.txt of the drive44

• Window

* gizmo’s window shows LOD

Other example is broken (62)

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Animation and LevelsAnimation and Levels

• Frame AnimationMap file of Crystal SpaceMap file of Crystal Space Flying Brick (exe57)Flying Brick (exe57)

Crystal Space map file

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Skeleton AnimationSkeleton AnimationTypes of Joints Types of Joints Open Dynamics EngineOpen Dynamics Engine

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AnimationAnimationCharacter Character Lara CroftLara Croft

http://www.3dkingdom.org

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Frame sequences

Pony Tail with a math model

Animation ControlAnimation Control

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CollisionCollision

• gzIntersector

• intersect(stuff,…)

• getResults

OK

NO!

r

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CollisionCollision

• Car corners

• Simple Geometry

r

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CollisionCollision

• To collide is hard

• To know what to do next

is even harder

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CollisionCollision

• stairs and floor

• vertical versus horizontal

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PhysicsPhysics

• How about collision with other objects?

• This is very hard to handle…

Model what happens in a physical system

* example odetest - from ODE’s test_buggy

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MissingMissing

• Sound

• Animation Control

• Explosions, particles

• Artificial intelligence

Other Engines and Game Resources:

www.3dlinks.com

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Thanks toThanks to

• PUCRS - Uruguaiana

Marcus Kindel (kindel@pucrs.campus2.br)

Cintya Bortolazzo

• UFRGS - Computação Gráfica

Luciana Nelel (www.inf.ufrgs.br/~nedel)

luque@inf.ufrgs.br, pelo ODE

• Gizmo3D & game community

Anders Modén (anders.moden@sts.saab.se)

Esteban G. Clua (esteban@inf.puc-rio.br)

Thank you!

Marcelo JohannMarcelo Johannjohann@inf.ufrgs.br

www.inf.ufrgs.br/~johann

Princípios de Implementação de Princípios de Implementação de Jogos com Modelos 3D em C++Jogos com Modelos 3D em C++

II Semana de TecnologiaDepartamento de Tecnologia da UNIJUÍ