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Distribution Grid Management
November 2014
Presented by: Joe LaCasse
Principle Control Center Leader Xcel Energy
2
Topics
Traditional Distribution System
Physical Construct
Management of Electrical Grid
Emerging Influences to the Distribution System
Distributed Energy Resources
Regulatory / Customer
Corporate
Managing the Distribution System in the future- Grid Management Intelligent Field Devices
Advanced Distribution Management System (ADMS)
IVVO
FLISR
Operational Resources
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Traditional Distribution System – Physical Construct
Traditional Distribution System - Characteristics
One-direction power flow
Typically radial feeders
Stand-by generation at
customer site
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Traditional Distribution System - Management
SAIDI/CAIDI Reliability
Targets
Outages
SCADA for Feeder and
Substation level events
Customer Call for tap level
and below
Large workforce to
manually manage grid.
SCADA
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Emerging Influences to Distribution System – Distributed Energy Resources (DER)
Wind Generation
Solar
Rooftop
Solar farms
Micro-Grids
Issues:
Voltage Regulation
Bi-Directional power flow
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Emerging Influences to Distribution System – Regulatory / Customer / Corporate
Regulatory
Accountable for MAIFI – Momentary Outages
Customer Credits
Environmental pressures
Customer
Power Quality
Reliability
Corporate
Safety
Revenue
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Managing the Distribution System – Grid Management
Solution to electrical influences:
“Grid Management”
Intelligent Field Devices
Central Control of Grid functions
Advanced Distribution Management System (ADMS)
Operational Resources managing the Grid
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Grid Management - Intelligent Field devices
Examples of Intelligent Field Devices:
Automated Field Switches
SCADA (Intelliteam) Switches
Intellirupter - recloser
Remote Fault Indication / Power Flow Sensing devices
Remote Control of:
Capacitor Banks
Field Regulators
LTC’s
AMI (Advanced Metering Infrastructure) Meters at customer sites
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Grid Management – Advanced Distribution Management System (ADMS)
ADMS
Distribution SCADA
Distribution Network Impedance Model
Distribution Network Topology processor
Unbalanced Load Flow / Load Allocation
State Estimation
SCADA
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Grid Management – ADMS IVVO
ADMS – Integrated Volt/Var Optimization (IVVO)
Manage voltage/var flow on feeder/substation bus
Central control
Transformer LTC’s
Feeder Capacitors
Feeder Regulators
Operational Modes:
Demand Reduction
Voltage / VAR Optimization
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Grid Management – ADMS FLISR
ADMS – Fault Location Isolation and Service Restoration
Model Based (Impedance model built from GIS)
Fault data sent/polled automatically from RTU/Relay
Fault location identified by applying fault magnitudes to dynamic impedance model
Identify/control devices for isolating fault
Identify/control devices to restore service to customers
Grid Management – ADMS FLISR example
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ADMS
FLISR
Fault
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Grid Management – Communications
Communications
Point to Point
Mesh
Fiber
Increased criticality of communication availability
IVVO
FLISR
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Grid Management – Organizational Resources
Grid Management Organization Engineering/Technician resources
ADMS System availability
Field Device availability
Communications availability
Information Technology / Operations Technology Group
ADMS System accurate and available
Distribution Network Model Accuracy
Real-Time use of the ADMS functions for Operations decisions.
Control Center Personnel
Risk Assessment
Training
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Conclusion – Grid Management ADMS - Distributed Energy Resources
Power-flow analysis displayed on system model on a tap, feeder, or substation level.
Distribution SCADA enables state estimation for improved power-flow accuracy.
Leverage weather, model, and DER characteristics to predict/understand system performance (bi-directional power flow and hidden load)
Reliability – Regulatory and Customer Expectation
Automated Fault Locating
Automated FLISR – Central control and Field based
Improved momentary outage identification
Model based load flow analysis to identify system issues
Corporate
Reduce Losses / Leverage voltage for capacity
Safety – Improved system awareness and decision-making
Recommended