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8/2/2019 Presentation Seren Fouad
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Wireless Sensor Networks
Prepared by:Seren Fouad Elwash ( ID_NO :20012)
Present to :Dr.Elbhlool Fgee
Semester
Fall 2011-2012
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What is a Sensor?
Definition: A device that produces a measurable response to a
change in a physical or chemical condition, e.g. temperature,ground composition.
Sensor NetworksA large number of low-cost, low-power, multifunctional,and small sensor nodes
They benefit from advances in 3 technologies digital circuitry wireless communication silicon micro-machining
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Wireless Sensors
Low-power microscopic sensors with wireless communication
capability
Miniaturization of computer hardware
Intelligence
Micro Electro-Mechanical Structures (MEMS) Sensing
Low-cost CMOS-based RF Radios
Wireless Communications
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Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN)
Sensing
Computation
Networking
Circulatory Net
New technologies
have reduced thecost, size, andpower of micro-sensors and
wireless interfaces
EnvironmentalMonitoring
Structural
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Wireless Sensor Networks(WSN)
Even though wireless sensors has limited
resources in memory, computation power,
bandwidth, and energy.
With small physical sizeCan be embedded in
the physical environment.Support powerful service in aggregated form
(interacting/collaborating among nodes)
Self-organizing multi-hop ad-doc networks
Pervasive computing/sensoring
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Wireless Sensor Networks
A wireless sensor network is a collection of nodes
organized into a cooperative network. Each node consists
of processing capability may contain multiple types ofmemory have an RF transceiver, have a power source (e.g.,
batteries and solar cells), and accommodate various
sensors.
What are wireless sensor networks(WSNs)?
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Sensor Node
In addition to one or more sensors, each node in a sensor
network is typically equipped with a radio transceiver or
other wireless communications device, a small
microcontroller, and an energy source, usually a battery.
continue
Sensors
Processor
Radio
Storage
POWER
WSN device schematics
What are wireless sensor networks(WSNs)?
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WSN node components
Low-power processor.
Limited processing.
Memory.
Limited storage.
Radio. Low-power.
Low data rate.
Limited range.
Sensors.
Scalar sensors:temperature, light, etc.
Cameras, microphones.
Power.
Sensors
Processor
Radio
Storage
P
O
W
E
R
WSN device schematics
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Node Hardware
sensors CPU radio
battery
Acoustic, seismic,magnetic, etc.
interface
Electro-magneticinterface
Limited battery supply
Eventdetection
Wireless communicationwith neighboring nodes
In-nodeprocessing
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Applications
BattlefieldDetection, classification and
tracking
Habitat Monitoring
Micro-climate and wildlife monitoring
Examples:
ZebraNet (Princeton)
Seabird monitoring in Maines Great Duck
Island
(Berkeley & Intel)
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Applications
Structural, seismic Bridges, highways, buildings
Examples: Coronado Bridge San Diego(UCSD), Factor Building (UCLA)
Smart roads
Traffic monitoring, accident detection,recovery assistance
Examples: ATON project (UCSD)highway
camera microphone
Contaminants detection
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Typical Features of WSN
A very large number of nodes, often in the order of thousands.
Asymmetric flow of information, from the observers or sensor
nodes to a command node.
Communications are triggered by queries or events.
At each node there is a limited amount of energy which in
many applications is impossible to replace or recharge. Almost static topology.
Low cost, size, and weight per node.
Prone to failures.
More use of broadcast communications instead of point-to-point.
Nodes do not have a global ID such as an IP number.
The security, both physical and at the communication level, is
more limited than conventional wireless networks .
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Sensor Network Algorithms
Algorithms determine the path in
Determine the path is divided into two main groups:1. Selection depending on the title: It means to find the shortest
path between pairs depending on the title of the final contract.
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Sensor Network Algorithms
2.Selection depending on the data: and looking for tracks
from multiple sources to a depth of One, allowing the collection ofdata.
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Protocols determine the path
Classing flooding :
It is sending data to all nodes adjacent.
Disadvantages of this protocol:
*.Implosion Problem.
*. Overlap Problem.
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Protocols determine the path
Gossiping:
Each node of the data went to a neighboring one node this node is randomly
selected. After receiving node (d) data, it must be that forwards data to the
sender (b), otherwise the data were not up to the node (c).
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Protocols determine the path
Sensor Protocols for Negotiation Information SPIN:
*.SPIN1.
*.SPIN2.
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Software simulated wireless network sensors
JavaSim.
GlomoSim.
NS-2.
SNetSim.
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Sensor Network Protocol Stack
Transport
Data LinkPhysical
Network
PowerManagem
ent
Application
Mob
ilityManagement
TaskM
anagement
Power ManagementHow thesensor uses its power, e.g. turns
off its circuitry after receiving a
message.
Mobility ManagementDetectsand register the movements of the
sensor nodes
Task ManagementBalances andschedules the sensing tasks given
to a specific region
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Physical Layer
Physical
Data Link
Network
Transport
Application
You select and generate the appropriate frequencies inaddition to generating signals proliferation and exploration
and encrypt the data signals and modulated.
Data Link Layer
Physical
Data Link
Network
Transport
Application The data link layer is responsible for the multiplexing
of data stream, data frame detection, medium accessand error control. Ensures reliable point-to-point and
point-to-multipoint connections in a communication
network.
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Network Layer
Physical
Data Link
Network
Transport
ApplicationBasic issues to take into account when designing the
network layer for a WSN are:
Power efficiency
Data centric
Data aggregation . Locationing systems.
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Systems the network
layer
function
SMECN The establishment of the planned partial network sensors so
that the track has less energy.
FLOODING Send data for all nodes regardless of.
the neighboring node that has received this data before or not.
GOSSIPING Choose one of the neighboring nodes at random and send
data to it.
SPIN No data is sent to the contract, provided
that sensitive but contain the types of messages
(ADV, REQ, DATA).
LEACH The formation of groups to reduce the power dissipation.
DIRECT DIFFUSION Gradients prepared speeches flowing from the source to the
rear or the bottom through the deployment of appropriate.
The following table shows Systems the network layer and
function of each system of systems or protocol selection:-
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Transport Layer
Physical
Data Link
Network
Transport
ApplicationThis layer is used mainly when the intended access to the
Internet or any network External and protocols of thenetwork is UDP and TCP.
Application Layer
Physical
Data Link
NetworkTransport
Application
This layer contains the protocols to make the physical
and software layers
World and a clear sensitivity to network
applications and protocols such:
*. Sensor management protocol (SMP).
*. Task assignment and data advertisement protocol
(TADAP).
*. Sensor query and data dissemination protocol (SQDDP).
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Thank you
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