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GIROTH, TADENA, MARISTELLA
What is presentation of data? A way of putting results of experiments
into graphs, carts and tables. It is a visual way to look at the acquired data, see what happened and make interpretations
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How to make data presentation efficient and interesting? Most readers and listeners are interested in
your interpretation of the data and not the raw data itself. Stay focused on presentation of concepts and interpretations as opposed to the raw data itself.
Do not overwhelm your poster or slides with excessive text. A simple rule would be to not use more than three major text bullets on a slide. Remember - a picture is worth a thousand words!
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How to make data presentation efficient and interesting? Provide a brief description of your
research framework (e.g. experiment/survey design), followed by data analysis. Use figures and graphs to show results of data analysis, rather than tables with raw numbers.
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How to make data presentation efficient and interesting? Choose the right type of plotting method (e.g.
lines/bars/pie). For example, pie charts are best for displaying percentages of different categories in a dataset whereas line graphs are best when the data on the x-axis represent magnitude of the same entity/variable. When the data points are across different conditions, the points cannot be connected to form lines. In such cases, bar graphs should be used. In all cases, don't forget to label axes!
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How to make data presentation efficient and interesting? Provide your interpretation of the results
and interweave past work based on your literature review. Your ability to carefully interpret the data will determine the quality of your research work. Provide bulleted conclusions.
It is important to close the loop by restating the question(s) answered by your research as well stating those which remain unanswered. You may want to propose follow-up work under the title of "Future Work."
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End of Textile Quota – Is China Going to be the Big Bad Wolf?
A December, 2004 New York Times article presented detailed information about textile quotas
The same information is presented in two different ways: tabular format and pie chart format
Which one is better?
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Textile Quotas Tabular Form
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Textile Quotas Pie Chart Format
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Textile Quotas Pie Chart Format (Cont’d)
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Tabular Format vs. Pie Charts Tabular Format
Tabular format is better if there are many categories Pie charts
Better than tabular format when the number of components is small and the relative sizes of those components are different
Information is lost when there is a collapse of the number of categories
Not useful when there are numerous components and the relative sizes of components are not very different
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Understanding the Audience From which organizational levels do
audience members come? How busy are these individuals likely to
be? How familiar are they with the project? What aspects of the project are they
most likely to be interested in? Do they have the background and
training to easily understand technical complexities and terminology related to the project?
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Graphical Illustrations Pie Charts Line Charts Stratum Charts Bar Charts
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Table 16.1 Market Shares of
Six Toothpaste Brands
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Exhibit 16.1 Pie Charts of Market Shares in 1996 and 2005
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Exhibit 16.2 Line Chart of Market Shares from 1996 and 2005
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Exhibit 16.3 Stratum Chart of Market Shares from 1996 to 2005
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Exhibit 16.4 Bar Charts of Market Shares in 1996 and 2005
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Exhibit 16.5 Bar Charts of Market Shares from 1996 to 2005
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Graphical Representation of One-Way and Two-Way Tabulations
Charts can be used to pictorially summarize information contained in one-way and two-way tabulations
Most widely used procedures to analyze survey data in practical research projects
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The Roper Organization A leading marketing research company
conducted a personal-interview survey of American youth
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The Roper Organization – One Way Tabulation of Responses
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G
F
E
D
C
B
A
181676The kidnapping of children and teenagers
2252647The possibility that you may someday fight in a war
3253339The increasing number of divorces among parents
3102065The spread of the disease called AIDS
3122065The possibility of war
3202552The us of drugs by professional athletes
2133847Pollution of our air water
Don’t Know Not Really Concerned
Sort of Concerned
Very Concerned
The Roper Organization –Responses in a Bar Chart Format
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NATIONAL COCNERNS
Per
cent
ages
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Not really concerned
Sort of concerned
Very concerned
The Roper Organization – Responses in a Bar Chart Format (Cont’d) The bar chart, where in each bar is a pictorial
summary of one national concern, quickly and efficiently communicates the findings to the reader
Notice that the issues are ordered differently in the bar chart than in the questionnaire
The ordering of the issues on the bar chart (from those of most to least concern) enhances the chart’s effectiveness
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Table 16.2 Two Way Tabulation Age vs. Extent of Consumption
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Exhibit 16.6 Bar Chart of Age Vs. Extent of Consumption
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The Chart clearly shows a strong association between age and extent of consumption
Pie Charts Use to emphasize the relationship of the
parts to the whole Select a single pie or double pie Consider options such as drop shadow
for dimensional effect, pulled-out slices, etc.
Arrange the slices to make your point most effectively
Divide the slice into a series it will improve effectiveness
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Line Graphs and Area Graphs Use to display trends or continuous data Decide whether line graph or area graph
shows Select baseline and scale for maximum
effectiveness Use callouts to identify key points in
graph Divide extensive data into a series of
graphs
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Example: Thesis writing in sciencesWriting the Results: Think of the story you want to tell. Choose and
present only those results that are relevant to your hypothesis
Results are often presented in numerical form and indeed are more reader-friendly if presented graphically in tables and graphs than in written text. The writer must aim for ACCURACY, INCLUSIVENESS, and SYSTEMATICITY, as these results are the primary and permanent source of scientific knowledge.
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What to include? results that answer the research question (most
important) data you can use to outline important trends results that you intend to address in the
discussion section results of statistical analyses, often in conjunction
with measurements analyzed results related to those obtained by other
researchers, especially if they disconfirm other results, or are controversial
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What to avoid failing to integrate the graphic results
into the text interpreting the results rather than just
reporting them. Just present and report the observations and measurements, factually and informatively, without discussion.
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example To characterize the functional architecture and dynamics of local
networks in A1, we performed in vivo two-photon calcium imaging in anesthetized, freely breathing mice (Fig. 1). We loaded cells in the auditory cortex with a mixture of Fluo-4 a.m. and SR101 using the multicell bolus loading technique14. Fluo-4 stained neurons, astrocytes and neuropil in a spherical volume with a diameter of ~250 μm. SR101 selectively stained astrocytes and diffused more readily throughout A1. Loading was optimal ~40 min post injection, at which time hundreds of neurons could be detected at depths of up to 450 μm, corresponding to cortical layers 2/3 (Fig. 1a, Supplementary Movie 1 and Supplementary Fig. 1).
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Example: form of picture
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Another example
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Refer to http://scholarworks.umass.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2088&context=theses
Page 62 to 65. (will be shown in pdf presentation form)
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End: any question?
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