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Prelude to Civil War. 1788-1860 North developed and Changed by Industrial Revolution. Rapid population growth, European immigrants Diversified economy - only 4% small farmers Capitalism Strong industrial & merchant sector develops . 1788-1860 North. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Prelude Prelude to to
Civil War Civil War
1788-1860 North 1788-1860 North developed and Changed developed and Changed by Industrial Revolutionby Industrial Revolution
Rapid population growth, European Rapid population growth, European immigrants immigrants
Diversified economy - only 4% small Diversified economy - only 4% small farmersfarmers
Capitalism Capitalism
Strong industrial & merchant sector Strong industrial & merchant sector develops develops
1788-1860 North1788-1860 North
Protestantism dominant religion Protestantism dominant religion influencing political and economic influencing political and economic leadershipleadership
Reform movement thrives in North, due Reform movement thrives in North, due to effects of Industrial Revolution and to effects of Industrial Revolution and city growth (Temperance, Poor Housing, city growth (Temperance, Poor Housing, Child Labor, Public Education, Child Labor, Public Education, Abolitionism) Abolitionism)
Negative perception of SouthernersNegative perception of Southerners
1788-1860 South 1788-1860 South Traditional & Traditional & AgriculturalAgricultural
Population growth slower - less immigrationPopulation growth slower - less immigration -South not as urban-South not as urban -Lower population= Less House -Lower population= Less House
RepresentativesRepresentatives Religion protestant, more personal than in Religion protestant, more personal than in
northnorth -More interest in personal salvation than -More interest in personal salvation than
societysociety
Public education & reform not importantPublic education & reform not important
Cash crops grown, "King Cotton" major Cash crops grown, "King Cotton" major cropcrop
80% economy focused on agriculture80% economy focused on agriculture
Slavery major influenceSlavery major influence
Political leaders large land Political leaders large land owners/slaveholdersowners/slaveholders
25% people own slaves, 12% own 12 25% people own slaves, 12% own 12 or more or more
All Southerners had stake in All Southerners had stake in slavery’s institutionslavery’s institution
Negative perceptions of NorthernersNegative perceptions of Northerners
1788-1860 South1788-1860 South
Southern View-“Northern Southern View-“Northern Slavery”Slavery”
"Thank God my Factory Slavery will soon be over."
"I’m going to run away to the Coal Mines only work 14 hours a Day." "Oh! how I would like to have such a comfortable place. . . “
"Why Friend, how is it that you look so old? " "I’m a "fast man“, we usually die of old age at 40.”
"Oh Dear! what wretched Slaves, this Factory Life makes me & my children.“
Southern View on Southern View on Southern SlaverySouthern Slavery"It is as a general thing, some few
exceptions, after mine have done a certain amount of Labor which they finish by 4 or 5 P.M. I allow them to enjoy themselves in any reasonable way."
"Is it possible that we of the North have been so deceived by false Reports? Why did we not visit the South before we caused this trouble between the North and South.”
Territorial Expansion Territorial Expansion Poisoned National Poisoned National
PoliticsPolitics New States- More Congressmen & SenatorsNew States- More Congressmen & Senators
More politicians changes control of More politicians changes control of CongressCongress
North- Concerned over expansion of slavery North- Concerned over expansion of slavery & dealing with Industrial Revolution’s & dealing with Industrial Revolution’s effectseffects
South- Concerned with protecting their South- Concerned with protecting their social system and economic systemsocial system and economic system
Political, social, and Political, social, and economic economic
environments environments deteriorate into an deteriorate into an issue of new statesissue of new states
beingbeing ““SouthernSouthern Slave” Slave”
or or “Northern Free States”“Northern Free States”
Missouri Compromise of Missouri Compromise of 18201820
Unorganized
TerritoryClosed to Slavery
No Slavery
ME
Arkansas TerritoryOpen to Slavery
MO
36* 30’ MissouriCompromise Line
Slave States
Missouri enters US as a Missouri enters US as a slave state slave state
Maine enters US as a free Maine enters US as a free statestate
No slavery north of 36* No slavery north of 36* 31” latitude31” latitude
Michigan Territory No Slavery
1831 Critical year1831 Critical year
Nat Turner leads Nat Turner leads violent slave revolt violent slave revolt killing 55 men, killing 55 men, women, & childrenwomen, & children
Abolitionist Abolitionist newspaper newspaper The The LiberatorLiberator began. began.
South Carolina South Carolina nullifies (fails to obey) nullifies (fails to obey) Federal Tariff LawFederal Tariff Law
US gains new territory.US gains new territory.
Will the North or South control Will the North or South control new states? new states?
Will Slavery be allowed or not?Will Slavery be allowed or not? Country of Texas joins the US Country of Texas joins the US
18451845
Oregon territory 1846Oregon territory 1846
Land gained in Mexican War Land gained in Mexican War 18481848
Wilmot Proviso- US buys land Wilmot Proviso- US buys land
Mexican War 1847-48Mexican War 1847-48
Library of Congress
New US Territories
OregonTerritory
From Britain1846
Acquired though
Mexican War 1848
TexasAnnexation 1845
Gadsden Purchase 1853
Satisfies neither North or South Satisfies neither North or South
California becomes free state, California becomes free state, North has more North has more
Tough Fugitive (Runaway) Slave Tough Fugitive (Runaway) Slave laws for Southlaws for South
Compromise of 1850 Calms Compromise of 1850 Calms ThingsThings
Henry Clay Takes Senate Floor
1852 Novel:1852 Novel: Uncle Uncle Tom’s CabinTom’s Cabin creates furor creates furor nationwide nationwide
Simon Legree assaulting Uncle Tom.Simon Legree assaulting Uncle Tom.
US by 1854
Washington Territory Minnesota
Territory
Kansas Territory
UtahTerritory
New MexicoTerritory
Oregon Territory Nebraska
Territory
Indian Territory
US 1854
Creates concept of “Popular Creates concept of “Popular Sovereignty” allowing states to Sovereignty” allowing states to decide on issue of slaverydecide on issue of slavery
Effectively repealing Missouri Effectively repealing Missouri CompromiseCompromise
Bleeding Kansas- Violence erupts in Bleeding Kansas- Violence erupts in Kansas between pro-slave and anti-Kansas between pro-slave and anti-slavery supportersslavery supporters
Kansas-Nebraska Act Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854of 1854
Kansas State Historical Society, Copy and Reuse Restrictions Apply
www.kshs.org/reasearch/collections/documents/photos/webuse.htm
1856 1856 SC Senator Booker SC Senator Booker beats beats
MA Senator Sumner with MA Senator Sumner with a cane.a cane.
U
Dred Scot Decision of Dred Scot Decision of 18571857
Supreme Court Rules:Supreme Court Rules:
Slaves not citizens, Slaves not citizens, they are propertythey are property
Missouri Missouri Compromise violated Compromise violated 55th th AmendmentAmendment
Congress must Congress must protect slaves as protect slaves as property.property.
Library of Congress
National Institutions National Institutions DivideDivide
Churches divided into branches Churches divided into branches North/SouthNorth/South
National Parties split - North/South National Parties split - North/South
Whig Party dies in 1852Whig Party dies in 1852
Democratic Party essentially a Democratic Party essentially a Southern partySouthern party
1856 Republican Party founded 1856 Republican Party founded essentially a Northern partyessentially a Northern party
John Brown Takes Harpers Ferry, October 16, 1859
John Brown & 21 armed followers take US arsenal & rifle works in Harpers Ferry, VA
They hope to spark a rebellion of freed slaves and to lead an army of emancipation .
Election of 1860Election of 1860
Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln Republican Party Republican Party In North OnlyIn North Only
Stephen Douglas Stephen Douglas Northern DemocratsNorthern Democrats
John Bell John Bell South Constitutional South Constitutional Union PartyUnion Party
John Breckenridge John Breckenridge Southern DemocratsSouthern Democrats
1860 Electoral College 1860 Electoral College MapMap
LincolnDouglas
BreckenridgeBell
VT5,NH5
MA 13RI4CT 6NJ 4DE 3MD 8
December 20, December 20, 1860 South 1860 South
Carolina Carolina becomes the becomes the first state to first state to secede from secede from
the USthe US
Sponsored by the Sons of Sponsored by the Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil Union Veterans of the Civil
War War http://www.suvcw.orghttp://www.suvcw.org
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