PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON WARM RECYCLED MIXTURES FOR …

Canestrari F. & Stimilli A. 1

Polytechnic University of Marche – Faculty of Engineering

8th International RILEM SIB Symposium

Ancona, Italy, 06 - 09 October, 2015

6th October 2015

WARM RECYCLING OF ASPHALT MIXTURES: PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON WARM RECYCLED

MIXTURES FOR ITALIAN MOTORWAYS APPLICATIONS

Professor Francesco Canestrari & Arianna Stimilli, PhD

Polytechnic University of Marche – Ancona

Department of Civil and Building Engineering and Architecture

f.canestrari@univpm.it; a.stimilli@univpm.it

Problem Statement & Objectives

Experimental Program

Materials

Testing

Results & Analysis

Work in Progress

Conclusions

OUTLINE

Materials

Testing

Results & Analysis

Work in Progress

Conclusions

OUTLINE

Warm Recycling

High traffic volume

Continuous rehabilitation and maintenance activities

Huge amount of RAP

Lot of work for production plants

Narrow territory

Densely populated

Plants located near urban areas

Warm Recycling

Worries for EMISSIONS AND POLLUTION

especially when RAP is used (higher production T)

Huge amount of RAP available

Warm Recycling

“How can we reduce emissions and incorporate equal or increased amount of RAP

without significantly penalizing mixture performance??”

Step 1 Step 3Step 2

Materials

Testing

Results & Analysis

Work in Progress

Conclusions

OUTLINE

Materials

Which ADDITIVE??

Materials

0.5% by virgin

bitumen weight

3% by virgin

bitumen weight

0.3% by mix

weight

Chemical additive C

Organic additiveO

ZeoliteZ

Materials

TRADITIONAL HMA (standard T = 170°C and 160°C)

_H_H _H_H

BINDER (B)25% RAP + SBS

POROUS ASPHALT (PA)15% RAP + SBS

Chemical additive C

Organic additiveO

ZeoliteZ

Materials

WARM MIXES

(ADDITIVES + LOW T)

_WC_WC _WO_WO _WZ_WZ_H_H _WC_WC _WO_WO _WZ_WZ _H_H

Chemical additive C

Organic additiveO

ZeoliteZ

Materials

_WC_WC _WO_WO _WZ_WZ_W_W_H_H _WC_WC _WO_WO _WZ_WZ _W_W _H_H

WARM MIX

(NO ADDITIVES + LOW T)

Chemical additive C

Organic additiveO

ZeoliteZ

Materials

Which TEMPERATURE??

BITUMEN

Viscometer

90 110 130 150 170 190

Temperature [°C]

Compactability

Equiviscosity Principle

WMA_C WMA_O WMA_Z

Expected WMA

mixing

temperature

Compactability

Equiviscosity Principle

Materials

HMASTANDARD PRODUCTION T

• MIXING = 170°C

• COMPACTION = 160°C

WMALOW PRODUCTION T

• MIXING = 130°C

Which TEMPERATURE??

Materials

Testing

Results & Analysis

Work in Progress

Conclusions

OUTLINE

Cyclic triaxialcompression test

[UNI EN 12697-25]

Effects related to

RAP % + WMA

Stiffness

Fatigue

Cyclic uniaxialcompression test

[AASHTO TP 79-09]

Repeated Load Indirect Tensile Test[BS DD ABF]

ITSM[EN 12697-25]

Semi Circular Bending test

[UNI EN 12697-44]

Compactability and volumetric properties

Self-healing

ITS[EN 12697-23]

Adhesion - BBS[AASHTO TP 91]

BINDER

Testing

Cantabro test[UNI EN 12697-17]

Strength Crack initation

Indirect Tensile test[UNI EN 12697-23]

WetDry

Semi Circular Bending test

[UNI EN 12697-44]

ilityCompactability

WetDry

Submerged

WetDry

Marshall[UNI EN 12697-34]

POROUS ASPHALT

Testing

Effects related to

RAP % + WMA

Repeated Indirect Tensile test

Cantabro test[UNI EN 12697-17]

Crack initation

Adhesion

POROUS ASPHALT

Testing

Effects related to

RAP % + WMA

Materials

Testing

Results & Analysis

Work in Progress

Conclusions

OUTLINE

Results & Analysis

Compactability

Overall performance compared to standard requirements

Most suitable WMA technology

Water susceptibility

WMA additive dosage

CRS CRW CWC CWO CWZ

D = 150 mmGyrations: 120

Gyrations 8th gyration

Final bulk density

Compaction Energy Index

Final gyration

Compaction Energy Index (CEI)

B_H B_W B_WC B_WO B_WZ

Results & Analysis

EFFECTS OF WMA ADDITIVES:

fulfillment of technical standard limits for the Italian motorway system

Good overall performance compared to standard requirements

4,0% 5,2% 4,4% 4,8% 4,7%0

CRS CRW CWC CWO CWZ

D = 150mmGyrations: 120

Air voids

Technical specifications

Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS)

V = 3.8% V = 6.3% V = 4.0% V = 4.1% V = 3.6%0,0

CRS CRW CWC CWO CWZ

T = 25°CD = 100 mm

PA_H PA_W PA_WC PA_WO PA_WZ

T=25°CDRY

equal or improved gap

Performance compared to HMA:

regardless of the additive type

Results & Analysis

DOSAGE OF WMA ADDITIVES

Results & Analysis

DOSAGE OF WMA ADDITIVES

ADDITIVE AMOUNT = % by VIRGIN bitumen weight

BUT…

Results & Analysis

Different amount of virgin bitumen due to different amount of RAP

≠25% RAP 15% RAP

=> different amount of additives (HIGHER FOR PA)

PA mixtures: too soft

Results & Analysis

≠25% RAP 15% RAP

PA mixtures: MONOGRANULAR

less workability required than binder mixtures

less softening effects(less WMA %)

PA mixtures could even required less WMA %

Results & Analysis

≠25% RAP 15% RAP

To obtain the same effect of WMA additives on mixture performancebetween binder and PA mixtures, the WMA dosage must be calculatedrespect to the WORKING BITUMEN (virgin bitumen + re-activated RAP)

Step 1 Step 3Step 2

T=25°CDRY

WMA: PLANT PRODUCTION (lower % additive)

Results & Analysis

Best performance

compared to the other WM additives

CHEMICAL ADDITIVE

Semi-Circular Bending test (SCB)

Fracture energy

Fracture toughness

T = 10°C

Low T (NO additive)Chemical additive

Organic additive

Zeolite

500 5000 50000 500000

T = 20°C

Chemical additive

Organic additive

500 5000 50000 500000

T = 20°C

Cyclic Triaxial Compression test

(Rutting)

1 2 3 4 5

f c[μ

2cycle

T = 60°C

ness K

Fracture Energy

Fracture toughness

Semi-Circular Bending test (SCB)

T = 10°C

Particle loss (Cantabro)

International requirements high traffic motorways

DRY DRY

T=25°C

Voids≈20%

Particle loss (Cantabro)

International requirements high traffic motorways

DRY DRY

WET WET

T=25°C

Voids≈20%

T=10°C

> 80% > 80%≈ 30%

WETWET

Materials

Testing

Results & Analysis

Work in Progress

Conclusions

OUTLINE

Step 1 Step 3Step 2

Which TEMPERATURE??

• MIXING = 130°C

Chemical additive

Which ADDITIVE??

Full scale trial sections

on an in-service Italian motorway

for both BINDER and POROUS ASPHALT

1. Plant modification and calibration for the WMA additive

2. First production and lay-down attempts :

TEMPERATURE CONTROL AND COMPACTABLITY EVALUATION

PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON WARM RECYCLED MIXTURES FOR …

Documents

Use of recycled fillers in bituminous mixtures for road ... · bituminous mixtures for road pavements. The fillers were obtained by crushing and sieving (0.00-0.063 mm) Stabilized

Accelerated Testing of Warm Asphalt Mixtures for Safe and Reliable Freight Transportation

DESIGNING RECYCLED HOT MIX ASPHALT MIXTURES USING ...DESIGNING RECYCLED HOT MIX ASPHALT MIXTURES USING SUPERPAVE TECHNOLOGY Prithvi S. Kandhal and Kee Y. Foo INTRODUCTION Several binder

Design of Normal Strength Concrete Mixtures with Recycled ...concrete/RCA-concrete/files/ASCE_paper_2011.pdf · Design of Normal Strength Concrete Mixtures with Recycled Concrete

Characterization of Recycled Asphalt Pavement (RAP) for ...Recycled Asphalt Pavement (RAP) materials in the pavement construction industry. The majority of HMA mixtures in Egypt are

Partial replacement of natural aggregates and natural bitumen ...recycled aggregates used in mixtures were 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%. The mixtures made with coarse recycled aggregates

National Performance of High Recycled Mixtures. 2 Outline Trends in RAP and RAS usage and practices Motivations for higher recycled contents Barriers

Modeling and Production of Bioethanol from Mixtures of · 2020. 1. 18. · Modeling and Production of Bioethanol from Mixtures of Cotton Gin Waste and Recycled Paper Sludge Jiacheng

Mechanical Properties of Concrete Using Recycled Plastic · recycled plastic in concrete structures, experimenting fresh and hardened concrete mixtures containing recycled plastic

Design of Normal Strength Concrete Mixtures with …concrete/RCA-concrete/files/... · Design of Normal Strength Concrete Mixtures with Recycled Concrete Aggregates ... concrete mixes

Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) and Recycled Asphalt Pavement (RAP) · Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) and Recycled Asphalt Pavement (RAP) Andrew Wrucke, M.S.C.E., E.I. Design and Construction Engineer

Performance evaluation of hot recycled mixtures containing

Mechanical Properties of Recycled PET Fibers in … Properties of Recycled PET Fibers in Concrete and fiber-reinforced concrete mixtures were manufactured in a conventional rotary

Life Cycle Assessment of Bituminous PavementsBituminous ... · Asphalt Pavements Maximizing recycled materials in asphalt mixtures High RAP performance characterization Recycled roofing

Performance Characteristics of Modern Recycled Asphalt ...of recycled asphalt mixtures in Missouri by researchers at the University of Missouri-Columbia, in collaboration with the

Andre Molenaar Design of Recycled Asphalt Mixtures

Overview of bituminous mixtures made with recycled concrete ...OVERVIEW OF BITUMINOUS MIXTURES MADE WITH RECYCLED CONCRETE AGGREGATES A.R. Pasandín a,* and I. Pérez a aUniversidade

Fundamental characterization of asphalt mixtures: warm mix

PERFORMANCE OF RECYCLED HOT MIX ASPHALT MIXTURES · 1. Evaluate the performance of in-service recycled and virgin (control) HMA pavements from the same project both visually as well

(2011). "Design of Normal Strength Concrete Mixtures with Recycled