Pre-examination to help to develop the course Spring 2015

Pre-examination to help to develop the course

Spring 2015

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Teaching philosophy

“Creating a Desire to Learn More”

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Question 4: Define the words “innovation” and “invention”!

Technological Innovation

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Technological Innovation

• Creation of a product, service, or process that is new to the organization

• Not necessarily new to the world• Introduction into the marketplace either by

utilization or by commercialization

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Technological Innovation

“the initiation of the technical idea, the acquisition of the necessary knowledge, its transformation into usable hardware or procedure and its introduction into society, and its diffusion and adoption to the point where its impact is significant.”

Bright, J. R. (1969)

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Innovation

“the application of better solutions that meet new requirements, unarticulated needs, or existing market needs. This is accomplished through more effective products, processes, services, technologies, or ideas that are readily available to markets, governments, and society. The term innovation can be defined as something original and, as consequence, new that "breaks into" the market or society.” Wikipedia. The Free Encyclopedia (2014)

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Innovation

"something original, new, and important—in whatever field—that breaks in to (or obtains a foothold in) a market or society.“

Frankelius, P. (2009), Questioning two myths in innovation literature, Journal of High Technology Management Research, Volume 20, Number 1, pages 40–51.

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Technological Invention

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Technological Invention

• Creation of a new concept or a novel technology

• New to the world• Most inventions have followed scientific

discoveries• Can be a product, process, or system

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Invention: Dictionary Definition

“a new device, method, or process developed from study and experimentation. (the phonograph, an invention attributed to Thomas Edison).”

American Heritage Dictionary of English Language

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Invention

“a new, useful process, machine, improvement, etc., that did not exist previously and that is recognized as the product of some unique intuition or genius, as distinguished from ordinary mechanical skill or craftsmanship.”

U.S. Patent Law

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Innovation versus Invention

• Innovation is a process; invention is an event• Inventions are not common. They can precede

a number of innovations• The bottom line of innovation is the market -

only few inventions reach the marketplace and even fewer are able to become successful in the marketplace

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Innovation versus Invention

“Innovation differs from invention in that innovation refers to the use of a better and, as a result, novel idea or method, whereas invention refers more directly to the creation of the idea or method itself.“

Wikipedia. The Free Encyclopedia (2014)

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Question 5: List general principles of different generations of R&D management!

1st Generation R&D Management

• Technology-push thinking• No explicit link to business strategy • “Develop the technology first and link it to the

business later”• “Let the general and functional managers worry

about the business aspects and leave technology to the technologists”

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2nd Generation R&D Management

• Perceived failure of technology-push thinking• Move in management thinking and practices

towards ‘market focus’ • Matrix management of projects• Combined business insight and R&D insights at

project level

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3rd Generation R&D Management

• Portfolio management: not only doing R&D projects effectively but also choosing the right R&D projects

• Corporate-wide integration of R&D and technology development to business strategies – Serving the needs of existing businesses– Serving the corporate level needs – Identifying and exploiting technological

opportunities• Combined R&D and business insight

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4th Generation R&D Management

• Ideas, concepts, and capabilities are the critical resources. From product focus to total concept focus

• Integrating both explicit and tacit knowledge• Learning from and with customers • Enables the company to grasp weak signals to

R&D earlier• Involving lead customers and suppliers• Parallel activities by cross-functional teams

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5th Generation R&D Management

• Electronic toolkits for flexibility, speed, and efficiency

• Ability to control product development speed is more and more a core competence

• A list of various current best practices in R&D

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6th Generation R&D Management

• Ever increasing complexity of technologies and products

• Re-focus on the research part of R&D• Multi-technology base for products • Network-based ecosystem

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Thank you!

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