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Post Storm Safety Evaluation. ATC-45 Based Assessments. William L. Coulbourne, P.E. bill_coulbourne@urscorp.com. Objectives. Establish drivers for post storm assessments Review assessment procedures outlined in ATC-45 Examine practical concerns for inspectors including safety - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Design of Buildings in Coastal RegionsDesign of Buildings in Coastal Regions
Post Storm Safety EvaluationPost Storm Safety Evaluation
ATC-45 Based AssessmentsATC-45 Based Assessments
William L. Coulbourne, P.E.
bill_coulbourne@urscorp.com
Design of Buildings in Coastal RegionsDesign of Buildings in Coastal Regions
ObjectivesObjectives
Establish drivers for post storm assessmentsEstablish drivers for post storm assessments
Review assessment procedures outlined in Review assessment procedures outlined in ATC-45ATC-45
Examine practical concerns for inspectors Examine practical concerns for inspectors including safetyincluding safety
Look at examples of recent storm damageLook at examples of recent storm damage
Design of Buildings in Coastal RegionsDesign of Buildings in Coastal Regions
Unique EnvironmentUnique Environment
After the storm and immediate search/rescue After the storm and immediate search/rescue activities, next focus will be on re-establishing activities, next focus will be on re-establishing services and determining when it is safe for services and determining when it is safe for evacuees to returnevacuees to return
The task of doing building assessments can The task of doing building assessments can overwhelm pre-existing building official staffoverwhelm pre-existing building official staff
Design of Buildings in Coastal RegionsDesign of Buildings in Coastal Regions
Qualified PersonnelQualified Personnel
Rapid EvaluationRapid Evaluation
Building Design ProfessionalsBuilding Design Professionals
Building InspectorsBuilding Inspectors
Disaster workers and Technical Staff familiar with Disaster workers and Technical Staff familiar with building constructionbuilding construction
Detailed EvaluationDetailed Evaluation
Building Design ProfessionalsBuilding Design Professionals
Building InspectorsBuilding Inspectors
Design of Buildings in Coastal RegionsDesign of Buildings in Coastal Regions
ATC-45ATC-45
Applied Technology Council – ATC-45 Field Applied Technology Council – ATC-45 Field Manual: safety evaluation of buildings after Manual: safety evaluation of buildings after wind-storms and floodswind-storms and floods
Audience – building officials, volunteer design Audience – building officials, volunteer design professionals, and other emergency response professionals, and other emergency response personnelpersonnel
Modeled after ATC-20 for post earthquake Modeled after ATC-20 for post earthquake evaluationsevaluations
Design of Buildings in Coastal RegionsDesign of Buildings in Coastal Regions
ATC-45ATC-45
Evaluation proceduresEvaluation procedures
Rapid and Detailed evaluation proceduresRapid and Detailed evaluation procedures
Posting criteria and formsPosting criteria and forms
Evaluation of non-structural hazardsEvaluation of non-structural hazards
Field safety for inspectorsField safety for inspectors
Human factors discussionHuman factors discussion
ExamplesExamples
Design of Buildings in Coastal RegionsDesign of Buildings in Coastal Regions
Rapid EvaluationRapid Evaluation
10 to 30 minutes10 to 30 minutes
Used to quickly post Used to quickly post unsafe and unsafe and apparently safe apparently safe structuresstructures
Identify need for Identify need for further actionfurther action
Table 3-1 provides Table 3-1 provides criteriacriteria
Design of Buildings in Coastal RegionsDesign of Buildings in Coastal Regions
Rapid EvaluationRapid Evaluation
Design of Buildings in Coastal RegionsDesign of Buildings in Coastal Regions
Rapid EvaluationRapid Evaluation
Design of Buildings in Coastal RegionsDesign of Buildings in Coastal Regions
Rapid EvaluationRapid Evaluation
Links to further action including need for a detailed Links to further action including need for a detailed evaluationevaluation
Design of Buildings in Coastal RegionsDesign of Buildings in Coastal Regions
Detailed EvaluationDetailed Evaluation
30 min. to 4 hours30 min. to 4 hours
Careful visual Careful visual examinationexamination
Used to identify Used to identify necessary restrictions necessary restrictions on building use or need on building use or need for engineering for engineering evaluationevaluation
Table 4-4 provides Table 4-4 provides criteriacriteria
Design of Buildings in Coastal RegionsDesign of Buildings in Coastal Regions
Detailed EvaluationDetailed Evaluation
Design of Buildings in Coastal RegionsDesign of Buildings in Coastal Regions
Detailed EvaluationDetailed Evaluation
Design of Buildings in Coastal RegionsDesign of Buildings in Coastal Regions
Detailed EvaluationDetailed Evaluation
Design of Buildings in Coastal RegionsDesign of Buildings in Coastal Regions
Detailed EvaluationDetailed Evaluation
Design of Buildings in Coastal RegionsDesign of Buildings in Coastal Regions
Detailed Inspection ProcessDetailed Inspection Process
Step 1 – Survey Building from OutsideStep 1 – Survey Building from Outside
Look for signs of roof upliftLook for signs of roof uplift
Look for signs of foundation movementLook for signs of foundation movement
Look for visible signs of connection failure (gaps, Look for visible signs of connection failure (gaps, cracks, vertical discontinuities)cracks, vertical discontinuities)
Look at non-structural elementsLook at non-structural elements
Look for signs of water level at flooding eventsLook for signs of water level at flooding events
Design of Buildings in Coastal RegionsDesign of Buildings in Coastal Regions
Detailed Inspection ProcessDetailed Inspection Process
Step 2 – Examine site for geotechnical Step 2 – Examine site for geotechnical hazardshazards
Slope failureSlope failure
Sink holesSink holes
Risk may extend outside of a single buildingRisk may extend outside of a single building
Design of Buildings in Coastal RegionsDesign of Buildings in Coastal Regions
Detailed Inspection ProcessDetailed Inspection Process
Step 3 – Inspect Structural System from InsideStep 3 – Inspect Structural System from Inside
Before entering, look for falling hazards and risk of Before entering, look for falling hazards and risk of collapse – Don’t enter obviously unsafe areascollapse – Don’t enter obviously unsafe areas
Look above ceiling panels, expose as much as you Look above ceiling panels, expose as much as you cancan
Examine vertical and lateral load carrying systemExamine vertical and lateral load carrying system
Examine every floorExamine every floor
Design of Buildings in Coastal RegionsDesign of Buildings in Coastal Regions
Detailed Inspection ProcessDetailed Inspection Process
Step 4 – Inspect for Non-structural HazardsStep 4 – Inspect for Non-structural Hazards
Look for signs of damage to partitions, finishes, Look for signs of damage to partitions, finishes, utilitiesutilities
Look for spills or leaks of chemicals Look for spills or leaks of chemicals
Don’t restart electrical system, elevators, etc.Don’t restart electrical system, elevators, etc.
If building was inundated, make sure power is If building was inundated, make sure power is secured, and building marked unsafe until secured, and building marked unsafe until electrical system can be inspectedelectrical system can be inspected
Design of Buildings in Coastal RegionsDesign of Buildings in Coastal Regions
Detailed Inspection ProcessDetailed Inspection Process
Step 5 – Complete checklist and post buildingStep 5 – Complete checklist and post building
Mark estimated damageMark estimated damage
Ballpark , not preciseBallpark , not precise
Not meant to require significant extra workNot meant to require significant extra work
Complete checklistComplete checklist
Post structurePost structure
Make sure any restrictions are clearMake sure any restrictions are clear
Communicate to occupants if presentCommunicate to occupants if present
Design of Buildings in Coastal RegionsDesign of Buildings in Coastal Regions
Engineering EvaluationEngineering Evaluation
When visual inspection is not sufficientWhen visual inspection is not sufficient
May require removing finishes to access May require removing finishes to access structurestructure
Normally supported by building owner as part Normally supported by building owner as part of repair processof repair process
Highest level of detail of three levels of Highest level of detail of three levels of evaluationevaluation
Design of Buildings in Coastal RegionsDesign of Buildings in Coastal Regions
Posting CategoriesPosting Categories
Design of Buildings in Coastal RegionsDesign of Buildings in Coastal Regions
InspectedInspected
No apparent hazard foundNo apparent hazard found
Repairs may be requiredRepairs may be required
Original lateral- and vertical-load capacity not Original lateral- and vertical-load capacity not significantly decreasedsignificantly decreased
No evidence of significant foundation damageNo evidence of significant foundation damage
No falling or other life safety risksNo falling or other life safety risks
If localized issues are addressed, okay to post inspectedIf localized issues are addressed, okay to post inspected
No restriction on use or occupancyNo restriction on use or occupancy
Design of Buildings in Coastal RegionsDesign of Buildings in Coastal Regions
Restricted UseRestricted Use
Safety is questionable or hazardous conditions exist Safety is questionable or hazardous conditions exist that require restrictions on occupancy or use of that require restrictions on occupancy or use of structurestructure
Doubts only resolved by removal of elements or Doubts only resolved by removal of elements or engineering evaluationengineering evaluation
Interior finishes or ceilings are water saturated – Interior finishes or ceilings are water saturated – falling hazards or air quality issuesfalling hazards or air quality issues
Potentially only portion of building impactedPotentially only portion of building impacted
Indicate restrictions on placardIndicate restrictions on placard
Design of Buildings in Coastal RegionsDesign of Buildings in Coastal Regions
Restricted UseRestricted Use
Examples of restriction statementsExamples of restriction statements
““Brief entry allowed to retrieve possessions only”Brief entry allowed to retrieve possessions only”
““Do not enter or use the following areas:”Do not enter or use the following areas:”
““Entry permitted to secure and repair structure”Entry permitted to secure and repair structure”
Need to make sure approach to mold issues is Need to make sure approach to mold issues is well plannedwell planned
Design of Buildings in Coastal RegionsDesign of Buildings in Coastal Regions
Restricted Use?Restricted Use?
Design of Buildings in Coastal RegionsDesign of Buildings in Coastal Regions
Restricted Use?Restricted Use?
Design of Buildings in Coastal RegionsDesign of Buildings in Coastal Regions
UnsafeUnsafe
Extreme hazard or unsafe situation presentExtreme hazard or unsafe situation present
Significant risk of further damage or collapse for Significant risk of further damage or collapse for static conditions, subsequent winds or other events, or static conditions, subsequent winds or other events, or addition of occupant loadaddition of occupant load
Another unsafe condition Another unsafe condition Hazmat Hazmat
Unsafe for occupancy or entry, except as authorized Unsafe for occupancy or entry, except as authorized by the local building officialby the local building official
Not a demolition order!Not a demolition order!
Design of Buildings in Coastal RegionsDesign of Buildings in Coastal Regions
Unsafe?Unsafe?
Design of Buildings in Coastal RegionsDesign of Buildings in Coastal Regions
Unsafe?Unsafe?
Design of Buildings in Coastal RegionsDesign of Buildings in Coastal Regions
Posting and BarricadingPosting and Barricading
Only one posting type per buildingOnly one posting type per building
Post all entrances for “Restricted Use” and Post all entrances for “Restricted Use” and “Unsafe”“Unsafe”
Use barricades to mark unsafe areasUse barricades to mark unsafe areas
Prompt barricading can prevent further injury or deathPrompt barricading can prevent further injury or death
Yellow caution tape, cones, fencing, etc.Yellow caution tape, cones, fencing, etc.
Design of Buildings in Coastal RegionsDesign of Buildings in Coastal Regions
How can the information be How can the information be leveraged?leveraged?Although life safety is priority, don’t Although life safety is priority, don’t underestimate importance of assessing underestimate importance of assessing magnitude of damagemagnitude of damage
Estimating the “percent damage” on the formEstimating the “percent damage” on the form
Requires prior planning and developmentRequires prior planning and development
Requires training for personnel to ensure sufficient Requires training for personnel to ensure sufficient consistency in applicationconsistency in application
Design of Buildings in Coastal RegionsDesign of Buildings in Coastal Regions
Safety for InspectorsSafety for Inspectors
Your safety is first priorityYour safety is first priority
Many potential field safety risksMany potential field safety risks
If in doubt, avoid the potential hazardIf in doubt, avoid the potential hazard
Let trained rescue and emergency response Let trained rescue and emergency response personnel handle hazardous situationspersonnel handle hazardous situations
Maintain effective communicationMaintain effective communication
Design of Buildings in Coastal RegionsDesign of Buildings in Coastal Regions
Field Safety RisksField Safety Risks
Downed power linesDowned power lines
Leaning, broken, or uprooted treesLeaning, broken, or uprooted trees
Breached gas linesBreached gas lines
DebrisDebris
Scour holes, unstable soilScour holes, unstable soil
Displaced animalsDisplaced animals
Snakes, scorpions, escaped zoo animalsSnakes, scorpions, escaped zoo animals
Design of Buildings in Coastal RegionsDesign of Buildings in Coastal Regions
Field RisksField Risks
Design of Buildings in Coastal RegionsDesign of Buildings in Coastal Regions
Safety TipsSafety Tips
Always travel in teams of at Always travel in teams of at least two least two
Always wear hard hat and Always wear hard hat and bootsboots
Always survey the Always survey the entireentire building exterior prior to building exterior prior to enteringentering
Enter building only if Enter building only if deemed safe to do sodeemed safe to do so
Avoid all areas of potential Avoid all areas of potential hazmat releasehazmat release
Be alert for falling Be alert for falling hazardshazards
Avoid downed power Avoid downed power lines and buildings under lines and buildings under themthem
In case of gas leak, shut In case of gas leak, shut off if possible and alert off if possible and alert authoritiesauthorities
Design of Buildings in Coastal RegionsDesign of Buildings in Coastal Regions
Supporting Inspection PersonnelSupporting Inspection Personnel
Due to difficult conditions, team has to be Due to difficult conditions, team has to be supported with logisticssupported with logistics
Inspectors don’t want to become burden on Inspectors don’t want to become burden on already overburdened emergency response already overburdened emergency response systemsystem
Timing criticalTiming critical
Need organized effort to task inspectors, Need organized effort to task inspectors, collect data, and process datacollect data, and process data
Design of Buildings in Coastal RegionsDesign of Buildings in Coastal Regions
Supporting Inspection PersonnelSupporting Inspection Personnel
Frequently provided resources for inspectorsFrequently provided resources for inspectors
Official IdsOfficial Ids
Inspection forms and placardsInspection forms and placards
Caution TapeCaution Tape
Office goodsOffice goods
Food/Water **Food/Water **
Communication EquipmentCommunication Equipment
BerthingBerthing
Design of Buildings in Coastal RegionsDesign of Buildings in Coastal Regions
What Should the Inspector Bring?What Should the Inspector Bring?
Personal ItemsPersonal Items
Personal ID / Driver’s LicensePersonal ID / Driver’s License
Cash! / Credit CardsCash! / Credit Cards
BackpackBackpack
Eye Protection, Gloves, Boots, HardhatEye Protection, Gloves, Boots, Hardhat
Sunscreen, HatSunscreen, Hat
Rain Gear/Extra ClothingRain Gear/Extra Clothing
Dust MaskDust Mask
Personal Hygiene Supplies (Two weeks of any prescription Personal Hygiene Supplies (Two weeks of any prescription
meds)meds)
Design of Buildings in Coastal RegionsDesign of Buildings in Coastal Regions
What Should the Inspector Bring?What Should the Inspector Bring?
Field EquipmentField Equipment
Cell Phone or radioCell Phone or radio
MapsMaps
Data Recording gear – clipboardData Recording gear – clipboard
CameraCamera
Tape measure, laser measurerTape measure, laser measurer
Battery powered radioBattery powered radio
Flashlight(s) / Lantern (extra batteries)Flashlight(s) / Lantern (extra batteries)
Compass / Multi-ToolCompass / Multi-Tool
Design of Buildings in Coastal RegionsDesign of Buildings in Coastal Regions
Human Factors - InspectorsHuman Factors - Inspectors
Weather conditions harshWeather conditions harsh
Physically difficultPhysically difficult
Long hoursLong hours
Must watch for “burnout” and overstressMust watch for “burnout” and overstress
Need to plan cycling of personnel if expected Need to plan cycling of personnel if expected work time passes one weekwork time passes one week
Eat well, get plenty of restEat well, get plenty of rest
Design of Buildings in Coastal RegionsDesign of Buildings in Coastal Regions
Human Factors - ResidentsHuman Factors - Residents
Residents will have a range of emotionsResidents will have a range of emotions
Inspector may be first person representing Inspector may be first person representing authorities the person seesauthorities the person sees
No where to send people for aidNo where to send people for aid
Answer what you are confident in, provide factsAnswer what you are confident in, provide facts
Clearly explain reasonsClearly explain reasons
for actionsfor actions
Beware of potential hostilityBeware of potential hostility
Design of Buildings in Coastal RegionsDesign of Buildings in Coastal Regions
Rescue Engineering?Rescue Engineering?
The intent of this material is The intent of this material is not emergency search and not emergency search and rescue responserescue response
The inspections should occur The inspections should occur after rescue activities, but after rescue activities, but before return of evacueesbefore return of evacuees
Search and rescue requires Search and rescue requires specialized training and specialized training and accepts different level of riskaccepts different level of risk
Design of Buildings in Coastal RegionsDesign of Buildings in Coastal Regions
Where to get PublicationsWhere to get Publications
Get ATC-45 from Applied Technology CouncilGet ATC-45 from Applied Technology Council
http://www.atcouncil.org/ATC45.shtmlhttp://www.atcouncil.org/ATC45.shtml
($27 per copy), free download of forms($27 per copy), free download of forms
Some organizations such as Navy have developed Some organizations such as Navy have developed custom variants of ATC-45 approach for use on their custom variants of ATC-45 approach for use on their facilitiesfacilities
Can also get ATC-20 for post earthquake evaluations Can also get ATC-20 for post earthquake evaluations including PDA system for data entryincluding PDA system for data entry
Design of Buildings in Coastal RegionsDesign of Buildings in Coastal Regions
How to get involved in this type of How to get involved in this type of workworkIn Virginia, one method is Professional In Virginia, one method is Professional Engineers Emergency Response TeamEngineers Emergency Response Team
VSPE, VDEM, and VA DPOR working together to VSPE, VDEM, and VA DPOR working together to identify and inventory engineers/firms available on identify and inventory engineers/firms available on volunteer or contract basisvolunteer or contract basis
VSPE/VDEM plans to provide trainingVSPE/VDEM plans to provide training
http://www.vaemergency.com/programs/engineers/http://www.vaemergency.com/programs/engineers/index.cfmindex.cfm
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