Pollinator Breeding Fauna Biology Pollinator …...Reproductive Gain With Cross-Pollination 0.0 0.5...

PlantPlantBreedingBreedingBiologyBiology

PollinatorPollinatorFaunaFauna

PollinatorPollinatorManagementManagement

Jim CaneJim CaneUSDAUSDA--ARSARS Bee Biology LabBee Biology LabUtah State UniversityUtah State UniversityLogan, UT 84322Logan, UT 84322

AstragalusAstragalus filipesfilipes milkvetchmilkvetch**BalsamorhizaBalsamorhiza sagittatasagittata balsamrootbalsamrootCleome Cleome lutealutea bee plantbee plantCleome Cleome serrulataserrulata bee plantbee plantCrepisCrepis acuminataacuminata hawksbeardhawksbeardDaleaDalea ornataornata, , searlsiaesearlsiae prairieprairie--clover*clover*EriogonumEriogonum umbellatumumbellatum buckwheatbuckwheatHedysarumHedysarum borealeboreale sweetvetchsweetvetch**LomatiumLomatium dissectumdissectum biscuitrootbiscuitrootLupinusLupinus argenteusargenteus, , sericeussericeus lupine*lupine*PenstemonPenstemon speciosusspeciosus beardtonguebeardtongueSphaeralceaSphaeralcea munroanamunroana,, grossularifoliagrossularifoliaglobemallowglobemallow

LupinusLupinus

SphaeralceaSphaeralcea

DaleaDalea

AstragalusAstragalus

PlantPlantBreedingBreedingBiologyBiology

PollinatorPollinatorFaunaFauna

PollinatorPollinatorManagementManagement

some mechanical orsome mechanical orpassive pollinationpassive pollination

PollinatorPollinatoressentialessential

CleomeCleomelutealutea

LomatiumLomatiumdissectumdissectum

PollinatorPollinatorNeedNeed

Reproductive Gain With Pollinators0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Sphaeralcea munroana

Hedysarum boreale

Lomatium dissectum

Dalea purpurea

Astragalus filipes

Balsamorhiza sagittata

Penstemon speciosus

Eriogonum umbellatum

Cleome lutea

Cleome serrulata

x x x x x

Cane, J.H. In press for 2007. Pollinating bees crucial to farming wildflower seed for U.S. habitat restoration. in “Bees in Agricultural Ecosystems” R.R. James and T. Pitts-Singer (eds.). Oxford Univ. Press.

OutcrossingOutcrossingAdvantageAdvantage

SelfSelf--fertilefertile SelfSelf--incompatibleincompatible

CleomeCleomeserrulataserrulata

PenstemonPenstemonspeciosusspeciosus

Reproductive Gain With Cross-Pollination0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0

Astragalus filipes

Dalea purpurea

Penstemon speciosus

Balsamorhiza sagittata

Cleome serrulata

Cleome lutea

Hedysarum boreale

x x x x x

Cane, J.H. In press for 2007. Pollinating bees crucial to farming wildflower seed for U.S. habitat

restoration. in “Bees in Agricultural Ecosystems” R.R. James and T. Pitts-Singer (eds.). Oxford Univ.

Press.

PlantPlantBreedingBreedingBiologyBiology

PollinatorPollinatorFaunaFauna

PollinatorPollinatorManagementManagement

PollinatorPollinatorDiversityDiversity

RestrictedRestricted DiverseDiverse

5 species5 speciesAll All AndrenaAndrena OsmiaOsmia (19 (19 sppspp.).)

LomatiumLomatiumdissectumdissectum

AstragalusAstragalusfilipesfilipes

32+ species32+ species

PollinatorPollinatorSpecializationSpecialization

SpecialistsSpecialists GeneralistsGeneralists

65% specialists65% specialistsDiadasiaDiadasia diminutadiminutaD. D. lutzilutziColletesColletes sphaeralceasphaeralcea…and 20 sp. generalists…and 20 sp. generalists

100% generalists100% generalistsBombusBombus (5 (5 sppspp))OsmiaOsmia (16 (16 sppspp.).)MegachileMegachile (1 sp.)(1 sp.)HoplitisHoplitis (3 (3 sppspp.).)

SphaeralceaSphaeralcea munroanamunroana

HedysarumHedysarumborealeboreale

PlantPlantBreedingBreedingBiologyBiology

PollinatorPollinatorFaunaFauna

PollinatorPollinatorManagementManagement

No manageableNo manageablepollinatorpollinator

PollinatorPollinatorchoiceschoices

5 ground5 ground--nestingnestingAndrenaAndrena

LomatiumLomatiumdissectumdissectum

DaleaDaleaornataornata

139 native species139 native species65 known nesting65 known nesting

73% cavity73% cavity--nestersnesters

Nesting habits Nesting habits NA NA OsmiaOsmia beesbees

OsmiaOsmiabruneribruneri

OsmiaOsmiasanrafaelaesanrafaelae

western distributionwestern distributionsingle midsingle mid--late spring generationlate spring generationnest using shelters, foam substratesnest using shelters, foam substratespollinate, prosper on legumespollinate, prosper on legumespop increase 2pop increase 2--4x annually4x annuallyoverwinteringoverwintering hundredshundreds

Cane, J. H. 2006. The Logan BeeMailshelter: a practical, portable unit for managing cavity-nesting agricultural pollinators. American Bee Journal. 146(7): 611-613.

No manageableNo manageablepollinatorpollinator

PollinatorPollinatorchoiceschoices

SpecialistsSpecialists GeneralistsGeneralists

RestrictedRestricted DiverseDiverse

SelfSelf--fertilefertile SelfSelf--incompatibleincompatible

Mechanical orMechanical orpassive pollinationpassive pollination

PollinatorPollinatoressentialessential

PlantPlantBreedingBreedingBiologyBiology

PollinatorPollinatorFaunaFauna

PollinatorPollinatorManagementManagement