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Poisonous PlantsPoisonous Plants
S. David Baker, R.Ph., CSPIS. David Baker, R.Ph., CSPI
Central Texas Poison Control CenterCentral Texas Poison Control Center
Scott & White Memorial HospitalScott & White Memorial Hospital
Oxalate Containing PlantsOxalate Containing Plants
RhubarbRhubarb DieffenbachiaDieffenbachia CaladiumCaladium PhilodendronPhilodendron OxalisOxalis Calla LilyCalla Lily Jack-in-the-pulpitJack-in-the-pulpit OthersOthers
RhubarbRhubarb
DieffenbachiaDieffenbachia
DieffenbachiaDieffenbachia
PhilodendronPhilodendron
Jack-in-the-pulpitJack-in-the-pulpit
OxalateOxalate
Needle like crystalsNeedle like crystals Edema of mouth, tongue, and throatEdema of mouth, tongue, and throat Ingestion of larger quantities can lead to Ingestion of larger quantities can lead to
multi-organ damage. Renal, Hepatic, multi-organ damage. Renal, Hepatic, Myocardial, Brain, and GIMyocardial, Brain, and GI
Cardiac Glycoside PlantsCardiac Glycoside Plants
OleanderOleander Lily of the ValleyLily of the Valley FoxgloveFoxglove
OleanderOleander
OleanderOleander
Lily of the ValleyLily of the Valley
FoxgloveFoxglove
Cardiac Glycoside PlantsCardiac Glycoside Plants
Just like DigoxinJust like Digoxin Bradycardia with AV blockBradycardia with AV block HypotensionHypotension LethargyLethargy DizzinessDizziness GI upsetGI upset
Solanine containing PlantsSolanine containing Plants
PotatoPotato Black NightshadeBlack Nightshade Jerusalem CherryJerusalem Cherry
PotatoPotato
Black NightshadeBlack Nightshade
Jerusalem CherryJerusalem Cherry
SolanineSolanine
N / V / D, headacheN / V / D, headache DrowsinessDrowsiness ComaComa Onset - 2 - 24 hoursOnset - 2 - 24 hours Duration - up to 3 daysDuration - up to 3 days Plants can also be anticholinergicsPlants can also be anticholinergics
Anticholinergic PlantsAnticholinergic Plants
BelladonaBelladona DaturaDatura
– Angel’s TrumpetAngel’s Trumpet– Jimson weedJimson weed– Thorn AppleThorn Apple
HenbaneHenbane
BelladonnaBelladonna
Jimson WeedJimson Weed
Jimson WeedJimson Weed
Jimson Weed SeedsJimson Weed Seeds
HenbaneHenbane
AnticholinergicsAnticholinergics
Hyperthermia, flushingHyperthermia, flushing Dry mucus membranesDry mucus membranes MydriasisMydriasis TachycardiaTachycardia Decreased GI motilityDecreased GI motility Urinary retentionUrinary retention Delirium, hallucinations, CNS depressionDelirium, hallucinations, CNS depression
Cyanogenic GlycosidesCyanogenic Glycosides
AlmondAlmond PeachPeach PlumPlum CherryCherry AppleApple CloverClover OthersOthers
Cyanogenic Cyanogenic
Cyanogenic GlycosidesCyanogenic Glycosides
Usually only a problem if you make a Usually only a problem if you make a meal out of themmeal out of them
1 - 2 seeds are not a problem1 - 2 seeds are not a problem Enzymatic breakdown in GI leads to Enzymatic breakdown in GI leads to
toxicitytoxicity Onset 30 minutes to 2 hoursOnset 30 minutes to 2 hours Respiratory distress, syncope, coma, Respiratory distress, syncope, coma,
seizures follow GI symptoms.seizures follow GI symptoms.
Other PlantsOther Plants
Castor BeansCastor Beans Rosary BeansRosary Beans PoinsettaPoinsetta GanjaGanja LantanaLantana NicotianaNicotiana Poison IvyPoison Ivy
Castor Bean PlantCastor Bean Plant
Castor BeansCastor Beans
Rosary beanRosary bean
Castor Bean ToxicityCastor Bean ToxicityRosary Bean ToxicityRosary Bean Toxicity
Beans are very hard and only toxic if Beans are very hard and only toxic if chewedchewed
GI effects within 6 hours, cause gastric GI effects within 6 hours, cause gastric lesions, looks like alkaline burnslesions, looks like alkaline burns
2 - 5 days after exposure - cytotoxic 2 - 5 days after exposure - cytotoxic effects - Liver, Kidney, Braineffects - Liver, Kidney, Brain
PoinsettiaPoinsettia
PoinsettiaPoinsettia
Causes severe stomach irritationCauses severe stomach irritation Lots of Nausea and VomitingLots of Nausea and Vomiting Not considered toxicNot considered toxic Dehydration Dehydration Electrolyte imbalancesElectrolyte imbalances
GGaannjjaa
LantanaLantana
LantanaLantana
Unripe berries are the most toxicUnripe berries are the most toxic Lantadene - atropine like substanceLantadene - atropine like substance Anticholinergic poisoningAnticholinergic poisoning
Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacum
NicotineNicotine
GI upset - N / VGI upset - N / V Onset in 15 - 60 minutesOnset in 15 - 60 minutes Duration 3 - 12 hoursDuration 3 - 12 hours Increase in heart rate and blood Increase in heart rate and blood
pressure then irregular pulse and pressure then irregular pulse and hypotensionhypotension
Tremors and seizuresTremors and seizures
Poison IvyPoison Ivy
Other plantsOther plants
Water HemlockWater Hemlock Poke WeedPoke Weed
Water HemlockWater Hemlock
Water HemlockWater Hemlock
MydriasisMydriasis TachycardiaTachycardia Seizures - Onset 5 minutes to 2 hoursSeizures - Onset 5 minutes to 2 hours Salivation, gastritis, diarrhea, emesisSalivation, gastritis, diarrhea, emesis Rhabdomyolysis, and renal failureRhabdomyolysis, and renal failure Metabolic acidosisMetabolic acidosis Strychnine like substanceStrychnine like substance
Poke WeedPoke Weed
Poke weedPoke weed
Mostly GI effectsMostly GI effects Onset 30 minutes to 5 hoursOnset 30 minutes to 5 hours Duration - 1 to 48 hoursDuration - 1 to 48 hours HeadacheHeadache WeaknessWeakness SeizuresSeizures ComaComa
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