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Physical ScienceTeaching Notes
Leigh Crosson2011
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Physical Science
OverviePro!erties o" #atterChanges in #atter$or%s o" &nergy&nergy Trans"ers$orce and #otion
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Pro!erties o"
#atter'll o()ects and s*(stances in the orld are %adeo" %atter+ #atter has to "*nda%ental !ro!erties,%atter ta-es *! s!ace and %atter has %ass+
O()ects and s*(stances can (e classi.ed (y their!hysical and che%ical !ro!erties+
#ass is the a%o*nt o" %atter /or st* in ano()ect+ 3eight4 on the other hand4 is the %eas*reo" "orce o" attraction /gravitational "orce (eteenan o()ect and &arth+
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Changes in #atter
#atter can *ndergo a variety o"changes+
#atter can (e changed
!hysically or che%ically+
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$or%s o" &nergy
'+ &nergy is involved in all!hysical !rocesses and is a
*ni"ying conce!t in %any areaso" science+
B+ &nergy e5ists in %any "or%sand has the a(ility to do or-or ca*se a change+
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nergy rans erand
Trans"or%ations'+ 3aves involve a trans"er o"
energy itho*t a trans"er o" %atter+B+ 3ater and so*nd aves trans"erenergy thro*gh a %aterial+
C+ Light aves can travel thro*gh avac**% and thro*gh %atter+
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#otion o" O()ects
'+ #otion is a -ey characteristic
o" all %atter that can (eo(served4 descri(ed4 and%eas*red+
B+ The %otion o" o()ects can (echanged (y "orces+
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$orces and
Changes in #otion'+ It ta-es energy to change the%otion o" o()ects+
B+ &nergy change is *nderstood inter%s o" "orces66!*shes or !*lls+
So%e "orces act thro*gh !hysicalcontact4 hile others act at adistance+
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Investigations vs+
&5!eri%ents'n investigation is a !roced*re
that is carried o*t to gatherdata a(o*t an o()ect or event+
'n e5!eri%ent is a !roced*re
yo* carry o*t *nder controlledconditions to test a hy!othesis+
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Scienti.c &5!eri%ent
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Session 2 6 #atter
#atter 6 ta-es *! s!ace and has
%ass#eas*ring #atter
States o" #atter
Changes in #atter
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#eas*ring #atter
#ass 6 the a%o*nt o" %atter inan o()ect /(alance
7ol*%e 6 a%o*nt o" s!ace ano()ect ta-es *!
8ensity 6 %eas*re o" %ass !er*nit o" vol*%e /#97
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Changes in #atter
Physical Changes 6 *s*ally achange o" sha!e4 si:e4 or state+
No ne %atter4 no ne!ro!erties+
Che%ical Changes 6 Ne
!ro!erties4 o"ten a change in coloror te%!erat*re+ O"ten !rod*ces ane gas or solid+
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Session ; 6 &nergy
&nergy 6 The a(ility to ca*se a
change$or%s o" &nergy
Trans"or%ation and Changes
&nergy4 $orce4 and #otion
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$or%s o" &nergy
Potential &nergy
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Potential &nergy 6
Stored &nergy
Che%ical &nergy
&lastic Potential &nergy
=ravitational Potential&nergy
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Che%ical &nergy
he n*trients in the (anana are
che%icals hich are storedIn the "ood+
The che%icals in the (attery that !oersthe cloc- are an e5a%!le o" stored energ
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&lastic Potential
&nergy
The arro has !otential energyd*e to the elastic nat*re o" the (o+
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=ravitational
Potential &nergy
The coaster car has !otential
energy d*e to its height a(ove the gro*nd+
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ne c nergy 6The &nergy o"
#otion&lectrical &nergy
Light &nergy
>eat &nergy
So*nd &nergy
#otion &nergy
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Trans"er o" &nergy
&nergy cannot (e created nordestroyed+
&nergy can change "ro% one"or% to another+
The so*rce o" all energy onearth is the s*n+
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&5a%!les o"
&nergy Trans"ers&lectrical to so*nd and light
&lectrical to heat
&lecrical to %echanical
Solar to electrical
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Session ? $orces
and #otion
@ Balanced and An(alanced$orces
@ Netons Las o" #otion
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$orces
$orce 6 a !*sh or a !*ll
Balanced vs+ An(alanced "orces
&ver !resent "orces 6 gravity4"riction4 %agnetis%
'!!lied "orces
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Balanced $orces 6 The "orces aree*al and o!!osite in direction+
There is no %otion+
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An(alanced $orces 6 Ca*ses #otion
o on e res*
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o on 6 e res*o" An(alanced
$orcesNetons 1st La 6 La o"Inertia
Netons 2nd La 6 La o"#o%ent*%
Netons ;rd La 6 La o"'ction 9 Deaction
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Netons Second La o" #otion
'n o()ect ith %ore %ass illre*ire %ore "orce to (egin its
%otion and9or to sto! the %otion+
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Netons Third La o" #otion
very action there is an e*al and o!!osite reactio
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Deso*rces
The >andy Science 'nserBoo-
Physics "or Children
The Science Eello Pages "or
St*dents and Teachers
Cli!art+co%
http://homeschooling.gomilpitas.com/explore/physics.htmhttp://homeschooling.gomilpitas.com/explore/physics.htmRecommended