Phonics Objectives Lesson 4 : Lesson 4 : Syllables and word stress Lesson 1: Lesson 1: Introduction...

PhonicsObjectivesObjectives

Lesson 4 :Lesson 4 : Syllables and word stress

Lesson 1:Lesson 1: Introduction to phonics

Lesson 3 :Lesson 3 : Puzzling sounds

Lesson 2 :Lesson 2 : Consonant clusters

LessonLesson 5 5 : : Intonation

AimsAims

1. To teach students the basic ideas about reading with phonics.

2. To show students that when they read with phonics, they can read words by saying the sounds that letters make.

3. To teach students how to read sight words. Sight word is a word that does not follow the normal phonic rules.

4. To show students how to use the dictionary to find the pronunciation of words.

Phonics

ObjectivesObjectives

Lesson 1 : Introduction to phonicsLesson 1 : Introduction to phonics

1. To help students learning the sounds made by the alphabets.

2. To teach short and long vowels.

3. To help students learning consonants.

Teaching methodTeaching method

1. PowerPoint slide presentation

2. Exercises and quizzes

Phonics

ObjectivesObjectives

Lesson 2 : Consonant clustersLesson 2 : Consonant clusters

1. To teach students the consonant clusters.

2. To help students learning double consonants, blends, digraphs.

Teaching methodTeaching method

1. PowerPoint slide presentation

2. Exercises and quizzes

Phonics

ObjectivesObjectives

Teaching methodTeaching method

1. PowerPoint slide presentation

2. Exercises and quizzes

Phonics

Lesson 3 : Puzzling soundsLesson 3 : Puzzling sounds

1. To teach students homophones.

2. To help students learning sounds of past tense endings, soft ‘c’ and ‘g’.

3. To help students learning ‘r’ as a vowel modifier.

ObjectivesObjectives

Teaching methodTeaching method

1. PowerPoint slide presentation

2. Exercises and quizzes

Phonics

Lesson 4 : SyllablesLesson 4 : Syllables

1. To teach students the syllables of words

2. To help students learning word stresses.

3. To show students how to use the dictionary to find the pronunciation of words.

ObjectivesObjectivesLesson 5 : IntonationLesson 5 : Intonation

1. To teach students the stresses in phrases or sentences.

2. To help students learning the stress rules.

3. To teach students how to read out sentences with correct stress patterns.

Teaching methodTeaching method

1. PowerPoint slide presentation

2. Exercises and quizzes

Phonics

LessonLesson OneOne

Introduction to PhonicsHello!Hello!

Phonics

PhonicsPhonics is the process of learning through the relationship between letters and combination of letters and the sounds that go with them.

helps you ‘sounding out’ new words.

Phonics approach

English has only 26 letters

5 written vowels: (母音 )

21 written consonants (子音 )

a, e, i, o, u

20 different vowel sounds

24 consonant sounds

But 44 different sounds

Difficult to read out English words because:

1. Single letter - different sounds

apple

always

aboutacorn

artist

Try to read out these words

2. Different letters –same sound

be police

tree quay

sea people

piece complete

seize key

Difficult to read out English words because:

VowelsShort vowels

a, e, i, o, u

These letters are called vowels. You can sometimes hear their sounds in the middle of words.

Trace the vowel sound in each word:

cat nest win

rock tub

a, e, i, o, ua, e, i, o, u

A E I O U

B _ g H _ n P _ n D _ t T _ b

R _ g P _ n T _ n F _ g M _ d

S _ t T _ n S _ p L _ t F _ n

P _ t S _ t Ch _ p St _ p B _ n

L _ p L _ t F _ g Ch _ p Cl _ b

Try it yourself…

a

a

a

a

a

e

e

e

e

e

i

i

i

i

i

o

o

o

o

o

u

oo

u

u

u

Put the short vowel sounds into these

words. Say the words.

Long vowels:

Sometimes the vowels ‘say their names’ i.e., they have the same sound as letters of the alphabet.

When they do this they are called LONG vowels.A : play, cage, way

E : see, feet, eat

I : pie, kite, try

O : rope, old, grow

U : tube suit, you

‘Magic e’

When ‘e’ is written at the end of a 3 letter word or a 4 letter word, the short vowel sound changes to a long vowel sound.

Short vowel

tap

pip

not

mat

bit

hop

Long vowel

tape

pipe

note

mate

bite

hope

A magic

!

AA EE II OO UU

B _ ke _ _ l T _ e Sn _ w M _ sic

St _ y F _ _ l F _ ve G _ o C _ be

M _ ke Tr _ _ Sl _ ce G _ es S _ it

L _ ke Ch _ _se P _ e Bl _ w R _ le

S _ y Wh _ _l Sl _ de T _ e P _ pil

Try it yourself…

a

a

a

a

a

Ee

ee

ee

ee

ee

i

i

i

i

i

o

o

o

o

o

u

u

u

u

u

Put the longlong vowel sounds into these

words.Say the words.

Single consonants and short vowels

Pattern Position Example

Single consonants Initial b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, q, p, r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y, z

Short vowels Initial & middle a : apple bat

e : elephant pet

i : ink tin

o : orange pot

u : umbrella jug

Common Patterns ( I )

Consonant – vowel (c-v)

Vowel – consonant (v-c)

Example:

to go be do no

Example:

an at in it on up us

Consonant–vowel–consonant (c-v-c)

Rhyming words with different initial consonants

Example:

man can ran pan van fan

Common Patterns ( II )

Consonant–vowel–consonant (c-v-c)

Words with different final consonants

Example:

man mat mad map

Common Patterns ( III )

Consonant–vowel–consonant (c-v-c)

Words with different mid short vowels

Example: pan pen pin

Common Patterns ( IV )

Try yourselfTry yourself

Colour the vowels

If the word has a short vowel sound, colour the word red

page

tree

cupsad tiewent

so

pieleaf capteddy nose

If the word has a long vowel sound, colour the word green

page

tree

cupsad tiewent

so

pieleaf capteddy nose

Oral Practice – Tongue TwisterOral Practice – Tongue Twister

Betty Botter bought some butter,But, she said, the butter’s bitterIf I put it in my batterIt will make my batter bitterBut a bit of better butterWill make my batter better.

Betty Botter - I

Oral Practice – Tongue TwisterOral Practice – Tongue Twister

So she bought a bit of butter, Better than her bitter butter,And she put it in her batter,And the batter was not bitter.So it was better Betty Botter bought a bit of better butter.

Betty Botter - II

Oral Practice – RhymeOral Practice – Rhyme

Baa, baa, black sheep,Have you any wool?Yes, sir, yes, sir,Three bags full;One for the master,And one for the dame,And one for the little boyWho lives down the lane.

Baa, Baa, Black Sheep

LessonLesson TwoTwo

Phonics

Consonant Clusters

Consonant ClustersDouble consonants - two identical consonants which sound like a single consonant in the final position

L LL

Blends - two consonants ‘blended’ together to form a new sound

Consonant Clusters

bl bl

Digraphs - two letters joined together to form a new single sound which is quite different from their separate sounds

Consonant Clusters

ch ch

Pattern Position Example Words

Double Double consonantsconsonants

Final_bb _dd _gg _ll _ss _ff _zz and _ck

Pillpull bell bull

BlendsBlends Initial

bl_ cl_ fl_ gl_ pl_ sl_ br_ cr_ dr_ fr_ gr_ pr_ tr_ sc_ sk_ sl_ sm_ sn_ sp_ st_ sw_

flat drip step shop this

DigraphsDigraphs Initial ch, sh, th, ph, wh, qumuch must mush

Pattern Position Example Words

BlendsBlends

& &

DigraphsDigraphsFinal _sh, _ch, _st, sk, _sp, _st,

_th, _tch

lastlist

lost

‘ n’ and ‘m’

blends

Finals _nd, _nch, _ng, _nk, _mp, _nt

and band land

hand sand stand camp damplamp

stamp

Try it yourself!

Select the word that rhymes in

each group.

Exercise 1

tell

bell

sell

wellshell

fell

talltill

Double consonants

Answer 1

bell

sell

wellshell

fell

tell

Good!

Double consonants

Exercise 2

well

bill

mill

pillfill

hill

willwall

Double consonants

Answer 2

will

Well Done!

bill

mill

pillfill

hill

Double consonants

Exercise 3

sheep

bead

weed

needlead

feed

sell seed

Vowels

Answer 3

seed

Excellent!

bead

weed

needlead

feed

Vowels

Exercise 4

rod

bed

head

fedwed

said

ridred

Vowels

Answer 4

red

Bravo!

bed

head

fedwed

said

Vowels

DiscussionDiscussion

?

sail

??

?

Good Work!Now discuss with your classmates to find out words that rhyme with

‘sail’.

Which blend?Which blend?

Say out the word.Mark the blend at the beginning of

each word.

Which blend?Which blend?

sw st snpl sm tr sn st sw

stpl sn

star

plane

snake

sl bl spst gl dr cr sm dr

spgl dr

Which blend?Which blend?

spoon

glass dress

Which blend?

gl fr flcr sm pl

fr tr cr

cr

tr

fr

crayontrousers

frog

Which blend?

pl fr tr st br gr sm st trfr gr sm

flower

grapesmile

Blending riddle

Match the words that rhyme.

Blending riddle

where shoe

shop chin

chew there

then cheese

thin chop

these when

More sounds

Say out the word.Circle the blend at the finals of each

word.

friend

plant

old

went

cold

paintend

find

front

hold

band

want

ld nt nd

More sounds

nt nt nd nt

nt ld ndnd

ndld ld nt

ch and sh

Which begins with ch?

Which begins with sh?

chch and and shsh

chair ship

shop

church

chicken

chain

shoes

Finish the words

All of these words have ‘shsh’ or ‘chch’ in

them.Read the words. Fill

in the spaces.

Finish the words

_ _ est whi _ _ _ _ arp

pit _ _ ri _ _ _ _ in

_ _ eck bu_ _ _ _ ine

pat _ _ da _ _ wi _ _

di _ _ su _ _ _ _ ake

c h c h s h

c h c h c h

c h s h s h

s h s hc h

s h s h s h

Finish the words (Hints)

which

rich

such

chest

patchchin

chapatticheck

chatter

pitch

rush

shine

dash

shell

sheet

crash

bush

dish

shake

sharp

wishRead this words:

which

rich

such

chest

patchchin

chapatticheck

chatter

pitch

Sounds like …

Find out which object begins with

which sound.

Sounds like …

Trumpet

Truck

Tree

Train

Trousers

Triangle

Crane

Crab

Crown

Crayon

Crack cross

Cr Tr

Trumpet

Truck

Tree

Train

Trousers

Triangle

Which ones?Which ones?

Select pictures in each row that begin with the

sound.

Which ones?Which ones?

Blouse Blow

Flower Fly Flag

CloudClown

Clock

Plate Plant Plum

SlideSledge

Which ones blend?Which ones blend?

Find out which object begins with

which sound.

Prize PresentPram

Which ones blend?Which ones blend?

Bread Bridge

Drink Drum Dress

Grass Grape Grasshopper

Frog

Fruit

Frying-pan

Say the soundsSay the sounds

Find out which object begins with

which sound.

Say the soundsSay the sounds

SkateSkip Skirt

SmokeSmile Small

Snail SnowmanSnake

SpiderSpoon Spade

Star Stairs

Swimming Swing

Swan

You use me every day. You see me on your feet.I begin with the same sound in the words ‘show’, ‘short’ and ‘shone’.

Riddle 1Riddle 1

ShoesShoes

Riddle 2Riddle 2

You see me in the circus. I have a red round nose.I wear big, colourful clothes.I make children laugh.I begin with the same sound in the words ‘cloud’, ‘clean’ and ‘class’.

clownclown

Riddle 3Riddle 3

I am round. You use me when you eat.I begin with the same sound in the words ‘play’, ‘please’ and ‘place’.

Plate Plate

Riddle 4Riddle 4

I have four legs.You sit on me every day.I begin with the same sound in the words ‘church’, ‘cherry’ and ‘chop’. 

ChairChair

LessonLesson ThreeThree

Phonics

Puzzling sounds

HomophonesWords that sound exactly the same, but have different meanings and different spellings.

Hello! Bonjour!

whole, hole You could dig the biggest hole in the whole world.

Homophones

bear, bareA bear might attack you when you walk through the forest with bare feet.

Homophones

paws, pause

The wet dog should pauseat the door to have his pawswiped.

Homophones

Solve these homophone clues:Solve these homophone clues:

1. You breathe it _ _ _ Something is left to him in a will _ _ _ _2. Read _ _ _ _ _ They let you do something , you’re _ _ _ _ _ _ _3. You did it at dinner yesterday _ _ _ It’s a number _ _ _ _ _4. You stop your bike with it _ _ _ _ _ If you drop an egg, it will _ _ _ _ _5. You pick it in the garden _ _ _ _ _ _ You make a cake with it _ _ _ _ _

1. You breathe it _ _ _ Something is left to him in a will _ _ _ _2. Read _ _ _ _ _ They let you do something , you’re _ _ _ _ _ _ _3. You did it at dinner yesterday _ _ _ It’s a number _ _ _ _ _4. You stop your bike with it _ _ _ _ _ If you drop an egg, it will _ _ _ _ _5. You pick it in the garden _ _ _ _ _ _ You make a cake with it _ _ _ _ _

airheir

aloud

allowedate

eightbrakebreak

flowerflour

Past tense endings

There are 3 ways to pronounce past tense ending ‘-ed’.

Ending

s, sh, k, p + ed

others + ed

t, d + ed

Sound

/t/

/d/

/id/

Example

wished, asked, hoped

played, rained

hated, ended

Past tense endings

/t/ sounde.g.

danced

1 syllable

/id/ sounde.g.

mended

2 syllables /d/ sounde.g. played

1 syllable

Some special sounds

‘‘soft’ soft’ cc (sounds like / (sounds like /ss/)/)

cent

city

pencil

ice

city

Some special sounds

‘soft’ g (sounds like /j/)

gentle

ginger cage

giant

change

Try it yourself!

‘g’ makes two

different sounds.

One is ‘g’ as in goose or

game. We call this

‘hard g’.

goose

game

goat

Try it yourself!

One is ‘g’ as in giant or

gem. We call this ‘soft g’. It sounds ‘j’.

gem

giraffegiant

‘r’ as a vowel modifier

when an ‘r’ comes after a vowel, the ‘r’ makes the vowel sound different

Pattern Position Example

R modifies short

vowels

All ar: car, arm, part, sharker: after, sisterir: birdur: burn

R modifies vowel blends

Final eer: deerear: near, tear(long)ear: wear, pear (short)air: hair, pair, fairare: care, dare, scare

Modification by w

Initial or sounds like: worm worldar sounds like: warm

Try it yourself!

a

i

a

i

o

o

carbird

stargirl

cornport

Each of the following words has an ‘r’ after a

vowel.Find the words.

LessonLesson FourFour

Phonics

Syllables and Word stress

English words break into sound units, or beats, which are called ‘syllables’.

Syllables

Every syllable contains at least one vowel.

SyllablesWe need to say words aloud to find out how many syllables they have.

We have to think about how they sound, not how they look.

SyllablesBreaking words into syllables will help us to work out how to spell them.

dic-ta-tion

d-i-c-t-a-t-i-o-n

1-1-syllablesyllable 2-2-syllablesyllable 3-3-syllablesyllable 4-4-syllablesyllable 5-5-syllablesyllable 6-6-syllablesyllable

I ago dictation composition communication responsibility

do father potato television supernatural Mediterranean

much letter understand comparison photosynthesis Encyclopaedia

small picture animal

spring potentiality

ExampleWhen nine thousand aliens landed in the school playground, our headteacher went wild.

When nine thou-sand a-li-ens lan-ded in the

school play-ground, our head-teach-er went

wild.

1 1 1 1

1 1

1

12

2 3 2

3

Try it yourself!Try it yourself!

Count the number of syllables in

each word.

Try it yourself!Try it yourself!

Spelling isn’t hard,

Once you know some of the tricks,

Divide the word into syllables,

That makes it easy.

2 2 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 2

2 3211

11 1 2

Good Work!

reliable

Word stress

dictation compositio

n

potato

absolutely

Listen to your teacher reading

these words

How many syllables do these words

have?

Which syllable is more loudly read by

your teacher?

Try it yourself!

letter college

compare school

happily discovery

Where are the stressed syllables?

Word with 2 syllables

The stress is on the first syllable if the word ends in:

-ic(s) music, physics, phonics

-ia Asia, Sonia

-(i)on nation, poison, season

-ior junior, senior

-ive passive, active

-ous famous, conscious

-ure picture, capture

Word with 2 syllables

-som(e) handsome, seldom

-le little, uncle, bible

-al medal, total

-e/ant moment, servant

-en garden, driven, kitten

-age passage, courage

-ry story, history

Continue…

The stress is on the first syllable if the word ends in:

Word with 2 syllables

The stress is on the last syllable if the word ends in:

-aim proclaim

-cur occur

-duce reduce

-eem esteem

-irm confirm

-ose oppose

Word with 2 syllables

-ume resume

-ide, -ite divide, decide, recite

-self himself

-ote promote

-ert insert

-ect/act react

Continue…

The stress is on the last syllable if the word ends in:

Word with 2 syllables

The stress is on different syllables when the word is in different forms:

Noun(Stress on the first Syllable)

Verb(Stress on the last syllable)

subject subject

record record

conduct conduct

object object

produce produce

contract contract

transfer transfer

Word with 2 syllables

Continue…

Adjective(Stress on the first syllable)

Verb(Stress on the last syllable)

present present

The stress is on different syllables when the word is in different forms:

Word with 2 or more syllables

Usually the third syllable from the end of the word is stressed.

possibility

innocent

popular

originparticl

e

representation

originality

publicity

Prefixes and stress

Prefixes will not change the word stress:

Word

form

rich

prison

cover

interpret

New word

reform

enrich

imprison

discover

misinterpret

Prefix

re-

en-

im-

dis-

mis-

Suffixes and stressSuffixes will not change the word stress:

Suffix

-ly

-ful

-dom

-less

-ness

-ment

-ism

-e/or

-ship

New word

happily

beautiful

kingdom, freedom

homeless

selfishness

appointment

heroism

visitor, uglier

scholarship

Word

happy

beauty

king, free

home

selfish

appoint

hero

visit, ugly

scholar

Say together

1. guaranTEE, overSEE, Can’t you SEE

2. howEVer, forEVer, Pull the LEver

3. underSTAND, comMAND, Play the BAND

4. ceLEbrity, comMUNity, Come PLAY with me.

Say the words andpay attention to the

stressed syllable.

LessonLesson FiveFive

Phonics

Intonation

IntonationSome words are stressed in a phrase or sentence because they give a rhythm or more important information.

Stressed

Intonation

Some words are stressed‘

Some words are stressed in a phrase or sentence because they give a rhythm or more important information.

Example:

Sentence stressSentence stress

e.g. Nouns, adjectives, action verb (walk, sit…), adverbs, number, question words and demonstratives (this, that…)

The witch is flying across the sky.

Rule Rule 11

The The STRESSEDSTRESSED words words The The CONTENTCONTENT words words

Example

The The UNSTRESSEDUNSTRESSED words are words are usually the usually the FUNCTION FUNCTION words.words.

The witch is flying across the

sky.

articles (a, an, the)

Pronouns (I, me, my)

Prepositions (at, by, for)

conjunction (and, so, but)

auxiliary verbs (have, had, has)

modals (may, can, might)

‘to be’ verbs (am, is, are)

Sentence stressSentence stress

Rule Rule 22

Stressed words are:

Longer, louder

and slightly higher in pitch than

unstressed words.

Sentence stressSentence stress

Rule Rule 33

2. run together with other unstressed words‘a lot of’ ‘alota’‘want to’ ‘wanna’‘have to’ ‘hafta’‘going to’ ‘gonna’

Sentence stressSentence stressRule Rule 44

Say unstressed words quickly enough:

1. reduced or made shorter with contractionsshe’ll, he’ll

Stress (or do not reduce) the final word of a sentence if it is a function word (of, to, with, for, me…)

Come PLAY with ME.

WHO is he GOing to SCHOOL WITH?

Sentence stressSentence stressRule Rule 55

Only stress on the same syllable as the word stress.

I’m going to the movie.

I’m GO-ING to the MOVIE.

I’m GOing to the movie.

going

Sentence stressSentence stress

Rule Rule 66

Try it yourself!

1. ANN and JIM were GOing to the Movies.

2. The PENcil is on the TAble.

3. She Always LIKES to WORK on her desk.

4. It’s a VERY Interesting STOry.

5. WHAT are you DOing?

Practise the sentence stress rules

Try it yourself!

6. What TIME did he GET to the STAtion?

7. Has the TRAIN already LEFT?

8. It’s NOT an EASY THING to remember.

9. WHAT do you THINK he is WAITing FOR?

10. WHO will you be GOing WITH?

Try it yourself!

1. Do you like to go camping?

2. Students need to study before a test.

3. My children are growing very quickly.

4. How long will it take to paint your house?

5. Who will you be going with?

Find out the content words stressed in

the sentence.

Try it yourself!

I’m glad to meet you, Carol. Welcome to XYZ Company. I’m glad you were hired for this position. We’ve been waiting for someone to fill this position for almost a month. You’ll be working with me in the Finance Department. I’m in charge of the daily records, so you’ll need to turn in your reports to me daily. If you have any questions, be sure to ask me. I’d be glad to answer them. Do you know who else you’ll be working with?

I’m glad to meet you, Carol. Welcome to XYZ Company. I’m glad you were hired for this position. We’ve been waiting for someone to fill this position for almost a month. You’ll be working with me in the Finance Department. I’m in charge of the daily records, so you’ll need to turn in your reports to me daily. If you have any questions, be sure to ask me. I’d be glad to answer them. Do you know who else you’ll be working with?

Practise saying the

conversation.