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pengel@aacps.org 1
Reproduction in Mammals
pengel@aacps.org 2
Overview
• Characteristics of Mammals• Types of Mammalian Reproduction
– Monotremes– Marsupials– Placental
• Summary
pengel@aacps.org 3
Sexual Reproduction Review
• Few offspring• Genetic variation• 2 parents produce haploid gametes• Gametes fuse to produce offspring• Offspring have characteristics of both
parents, but are not identical to each other or to parents
• Uses meiosis to produce gametes
pengel@aacps.org 4
Characteristics of Mammals
• Warm-blooded• Have hair• Produce milk to
nourish young• High metabolic
rates• Single bone in
lower jaw• Three middle ear
bones http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/mammal/mammal.html
pengel@aacps.org 5
Monotremes
• Three living monotremes– Duckbilled
platypus– 2 species of
Echidna (spiny anteater)
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/mammal/monotreme.html
Echidna. Photo by Dr. Lloyd Glenn Ingles © 2001 California Academy of Sciences.
pengel@aacps.org 6
Monotreme Reproduction
• Monotremes lay eggs incubated by parents, and nourish underdeveloped young with milk, but have no nipples.
• Special structures– Eggs, milk, but no
nipples encarta.msn.com/media_ 461534650/Platypus.html
pengel@aacps.org 7
Marsupials• Pouched Mammals
• Some examples are: – Kangaroos, Koalas, Wombats, Red Kangaroo. Photo by Gerald and Buff
Corsi, © 2002 California Academy of Sciences.
Wombat. Photo © 2005 Sharon Chester
www.kidcyber.com.au/ IMAGES/pouch%20baby.jpeg
pengel@aacps.org 8
Marsupial Reproduction
• Marsupials give birth to live young
• Offspring are under-developed and continue to grow in pouch, attached to nipple
• Nourished by milk
• Special structures– Nipples– Pouch
http://www.wfcr.org/OLD_WWW/opossuminfo.html
pengel@aacps.org 9
Placental Mammals(Eutheria)
Most mammels reproduce with placenta.
A few examples are:
- Giraffe, Monkeys, Tiger, Cats, Dogs, Elephants, Humans, etc. Yellow Baboon. Photo by H. Vannoy Davis, © 2002
California Academy of Sciences.
encarta.msn.com/medias_ 761561349/Mammal.html
pengel@aacps.org 10
Placental Reproduction
• Placental mammals give birth to live young
• Young develop in uterus and are nourished by the placenta
• Long gestation period• Nourished by milk
through nipples after birth
pengel@aacps.org 11
Placental Special Structures
• Special structures– Uterus– Placenta– nipples
pengel@aacps.org 12
Quick Review
• Mammals use sexual reproduction to produce offspring.
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