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1920's America
Themes
● “Eat, drink and be merry, for tomorrow we die”
● Return to Normalcy● US isolationism● Jazz Age● Rural to Urban
society
1920's Slang
● Baby Grand- built, muscular man● Bank's Closed- no kissing● Dry Up- get lost● Egg- person who lives the “big” life● Handcuff- engagement ring● Pill- either a teacher or an unlikable person● Punch the Bag- small talk● Scratch- money● You Slay Me- That's funny
Main Ideas- Monday 2/16
● Changes for women– Women saw the right to vote (19th amendment),
opportunities outside the home to work, and a new rebellious attitude (flappers)
● Movies and radio– New mass media technology allowed for
information to reach the masses quicker
● Sports and Fads– Athletic events and hobbies gained popularity
around the US
Reading Check Questions
● Changes for women– 19th amendment allowed women to vote in public
elections
● Sports and Fads– Mah-jongg, crossword puzzles, flagpole sitting,
dance marathons
Changes for Women
● 19th Amendment– Right to vote for
women
● Women holding jobs outside of the home
● Flappers– Carefree women of
the 1920's
– Proved women had freedom
Entertainment
● Movies– Hollywood becomes
biggest motion picture industry
– Charlie Chaplin- English actor of silent films
● Radio– KDKA- first
commercial broadcast
– By 1922- 3 million families had a radio
● Sports– Jack Dempsey
(boxing)
– Babe Ruth (baseball)● 60 HR in a season
– Red Grange● 4 TD in 12 minutes
● New Fads– Flagpole sitting
● Alvin “Shipwreck” Kelly (23 days, 7 hours)
– Dance Marathons● 3 or 4 days long
– Miss America● First held in 1921
Homework Question: Monday 2/16
● What were the three main changes for women during the 1920's? Infer how these changes for women created an upbeat atmosphere in the US in the 1920's.
Harlem Renaissance● Who
– African American writers, artists, and musicians
● What– Growing interest of
African American culture and pride
● Where– Harlem, NY
● When– 1920's
● Famous People– Langston Hughes
(poet)
– Louis Armstrong (musician)
– Bessie Smith (singer)
Langston Hughes
Prohibition● 18th Amendment
– Established prohibition
– 1919
● Volstead Act– Means of enforcing
the 18th Amendment
– Two sides● Drys (pro-ban) vs Wets
(anti-ban)
● Nicknamed– “Noble Experiment”
● Goal– To reduce crime and
poverty
● 21st Amendment– Repealed the 18th
Amendment
– 1933
● Results of Prohibition– “bathtub gin”
– Speakeasies
– Bootlegging● Al “Scarface” Capone
HW Question: 2/23
● Explain the effects of the Prohibition act.
Fundamentalists vs. Evolution
● Fundamentalism – God created the world
and everything in it
● Evolution– Scientific theory that
humans evolved over time
John T. ScopesRespected high school biology
teacher arrested in Dayton,
Tennessee for teaching
Darwin’s Theory of Evolution.
Clarence Darrow
Famous trial lawyer who represented
Scopes
William J. BryanSec. of State for
President Wilson, ran for president three times, turned evangelical
leader. Represented
theprosecution.
Dayton, Tennessee
Small town in the south became
protective against the
encroachment of modern times and secular teachings.
SCOPES MONKEY TRIAL
Scopes Monkey Trial● What
– Tennessee state law making it illegal to teach evolution in school
● Who– John Scopes broke
the law
● Where– Dayton, TN
● When– 1925
● Outcome– Scopes broke law and
paid $100
– Fundamentalist movement ceased
Homework 2/24
● If you were the judge in the Scopes trial, which side would you have ruled on and why?
Red Scare● What
– Fear of Communism (“Reds”), or anarchists
– Began after WWI and Russian Revolution
● Palmer Raids– By A. Mitchell Palmer
– Arrested and deported 6,000 suspected communists
● When– 1919-1921
Sacco and Vanzetti● Who
– Nicola Sacco
– Bartolomeo Vanzetti
– Both are anarchists
● What– Tried for murdering a
guard and robbing a shoe factory
● Where– MA, 1920-1927
● Outcome– Men were falsely
accused because they were anarchists
Turn to page 701
Homework 3/3
● Infer what the Sacco and Vanzetti case revealed about the feelings of many Americans.
Nativism
● What– Native-born
Americans are superior to foreigners
– Restrict “undesirables”
● Quota System– Limiting number of
immigrants from each countries
● Quota Acts– Emergency Quota Act
(1921)● 3% from each country● Based on 1910 census
– National Origins Act (1924)
● 2% from each country● Based on census from
1890● No Japanese
immigrants
Homework Question 3/4
● Infer what you believe was the main goal behind the new quota laws of the 1920's? Why?
Strikes
● Boston Police Strike– September 9, 1919
– Goal: wanted to form unions
– Unions = communism in public eyes
– Calvin Coolidge becomes hero
● The Harlem Renaissance of the 1920's was a period when African Americans:– A-left the US in large
numbers to settle in Africa
– B-created noteworthy works of music and literature
– C-migrated to the West in search for jobs
– D-used force to fight segregation
● The 1920's is sometimes called the “Roaring Twenties” because:– A-foreign trade
prospered after WWI
– B-the US assumed a leadership role in foreign affairs
– C-political reforms made government more democratic
– D-widespread social and economic change occured
● Which events best support the image of the 1920's as a decade of nativism sentiment:– A-the passage of the
National origins act and rise of the KKK
– B-Scopes trail and woman’s suffrage
– C-growth of the auto industry and Teapot Dome affair
– D-Boston Police strike and labor strikes
● The 1925 trial of John Scopes reflects the conflict between:– A-isolation and
international involvement
– B-traditional roles and new roles for women
– C-science and religion
– D-Prohibition and rise of crime
Presidents of the 1920's● Who is the 29th President? Who is the 30th?
● When was the 29th President in office? When was the 30th President in office?
● What is the nickname of the 29th President? What is the nickname of the 30th President?
● Name one of the famous firsts of the 29th President. Name one of the firsts of the 30th President.
● Name one achievement of the 29th President. Name one achievement of the 30th President.
● Name one of the interesting facts of the 29th President. Name one of the interesting facts of the 30th President.
● List some of the issues of the 1920 and 1924 elections.
● What were the slogans of the 1920 and 1924 elections?
Homework Question 3/9
● Based off of the readings today, which President of the 1920's do you think made a bigger impact in the U.S. and why?
Harding Administration
● “Return to Normalcy”– Return to how things
were before WWI
● “I knew this job would be too much for me”
● Corruption– The “Ohio Gang”
– Teapot Dome Scandal
The “Ohio Gang”
● What– Close friends of
President Harding
– Many unqualified and corrupt
● Who– Charles Forbes
convicted of stealing funds from the Veterans Bureau
Teapot Dome Scandal● Who
– Albert Fall- Secretary of the Interior
● What– Secretly leased
government oil reserves to owners in Teapot Dome, WY
– Fall received $400,000
● “I have no trouble with me enemies, but my friends keep me walking the floor nights”
● Importance– Symbol of corruption
– First cabinet member to go to jail
Coolidge Administration
● Domestic Policy– Supported business
● Foreign Policy– Promote peace
– Kellogg-Brand Pact● Vowed not to go to war
Homework Question 3/10
● Explain why historians would say that the Harding Administration was full of corruption.
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