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Course Content #1
• Explain in detail the American Association of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD) definition of mental retardation.
What is the AAIDD?• Founded 1876• "Association of
Medical Officers of American Institutions for Idiotic and Feebleminded Persons"
Classification of MR 1910
• Moron– 7-12 years
• Imbecile– 2-7 years
• Idiot– < 2 years
THESE TERMS ARE NOW
INAPPROPRIATE AND OFFENSIVE
Is intellectual disability the same as mental retardation? A. YES
B. NO • “Intellectual disability” is the preferred term
Definition of Intellectual disability
• Intellectual disability is a disability characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior, which covers many everyday social and practical skills. This disability originates before the age of 18.
Definition of Intellectual disability
• Intellectual functioning• AKA: intelligence• general mental capacity– Learning– Reasoning– Problem solving
Definition of Intellectual disability
• How can we measure intellectual functioning?• IQ test. • score <70 – 75 = limitation in intellectual
functioning.
Definition of Intellectual disability
• Intellectual disability is a disability characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior, which covers many everyday social and practical skills. This disability originates before the age of 18.
Definition of Intellectual disability
• Adaptive behavior• Collection of conceptual, social, and practical
skills that are learned and performed by people in their everyday lives.
Definition of Intellectual disability
• Conceptual skills– Language & literacy– Money– Time– Number concepts– Self-direction
Definition of Intellectual disability
• Social skills– Interpersonal skills– Social responsibility– Self-esteem– Gullibility– Naïveté – Social problem solving– Ability to follow rules/obey
laws – Avoid being victimized
Definition of Intellectual disability
• Practical skills– activities of daily living – Occupational skills– Healthcare– Travel/transportation– Schedules/routines– Safety– Use money– Use telephone.
Definition of Intellectual disability
• Standardized tests can also determine limitations in adaptive behavior.
Definition of Intellectual disability
• Age of Onset–Before 18
• This condition is one of several developmental disabilities
Definition of Intellectual disability
• Assume – Limitations coexist with strengths– Level of functioning will improve – if appropriate personalized supports are
provided –over a sustained period
Definition of Intellectual disability
• Only on the basis of such many-sided evaluations can professionals determine whether an individual has intellectual disability and tailor individualized support plans.
Is intellectual disability the same as developmental disabilities?• "Developmental
Disabilities" is an umbrella term
• includes intellectual disability
• also includes other disabilities that are apparent during childhood.
Federal Definition of Developmental Disabilities
• According to the Developmental Disabilities Act, section 102(8), "the term 'developmental disability' means a severe, chronic disability of an individual 5 years of age or older that:
Federal Definition of Developmental Disabilities
• Severe, chronic disability 5 years+
1. Is attributable to a mental or physical impairment or combination of mental and physical impairments
Federal Definition of Developmental Disabilities
• Severe, chronic disability 5 years+ 1. Mental or physical impairment2. Is manifested before the individual attains age 22
Federal Definition of Developmental Disabilities
• Severe, chronic disability 5 years+ :1. Mental or physical impairment2. Is manifested before 223. Is likely to continue indefinitely
Federal Definition of Developmental Disabilities
• Severe, chronic disability 5 years+ :1. Mental or physical impairment2. Is manifested before 223. Is likely to continue indefinitely
4. Results in substantial functional limitations in three or more of the following areas of major life activity• Self-care• Receptive and expressive language;• Learning;• Mobility;• Self-direction;• Capacity for independent living; and• Economic self-sufficiency.
Federal Definition of Developmental Disabilities
• Functional limitations • Self-care• Receptive and expressive language;• Learning;• Mobility;• Self-direction;• Capacity for independent living; and• Economic self-sufficiency.
Federal Definition of Developmental Disabilities
• Severe, chronic disability 5 years+ :1. Mental or physical impairment2. Is manifested before 223. Is likely to continue indefinitely4. Results in substantial functional limitations (3+)5. Reflects the individual's need for services,
supports, or other assistance that is of lifelong or extended duration
Intellectual disability • Intellectual
disability encompasses the “cognitive” part of this definition
Is intellectual disability determined by just an IQ test?
A.YESB.NO
• 3 major criteria :– intellectual functioning, – adaptive behavior, – onset <18
USA rehabilitation & reintegration
• Dorthea Dix– Asylums
• Samuel Howe– Director of Perkins
Institution for the Blind in Boston
• Hervey Wilbur – 1st private institution
Small Group Questions• What is the AAIDD?• What is the definition of mental retardation?• ID originates before what age?• What is another term for intellectual functioning?• What are the skill-sets associated with adaptive behavior? (Give
specific examples of each skill set)• What is the relationship between developmental disability and
intellectual disability?• What is the federal government’s definition of developmental
disability?• Who are Johann Guggenbuhl, Dorothea Dix, Samuel Howe and
Hervey Wilbur in relationship to ID?• What are eugenics laws?
Course Content #2
• Detail the general deficits experienced by mental retarded individuals as compared with normal individuals in 3 distinct development stages– Infancy – early childhood– Childhood – adolescence– Late adolescence - adulthood
Cognitive theory3 Major Concepts
• Schema– Idea’s that grow from experience
• Assimilation– Ability to absorb new information into
schemas• Accommodation– Schemas change with new information
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TRF27F2bn-A
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bpO5w9mM-1M
SENSORIMOTOR
• Age– Birth – 2 yrs
• Major developmental Task1) Mobility 2) Sense of self3) Object permanence4) Form mental images
Preoperational• Age–2 – 6 yrs
• Major developmental Task1) Express self with
language2) Understanding gestures3) Conservation
Concrete operational
• Age–6 - 12 yrs
• Major developmental Task1) Logical thinking2) Reversibility & spatiality3) Differentiate and classify4) Socializing 5) Apply rules
Formal operational
• Age• 12 – 16 yrs
• Major developmental Task1) Abstract thinking2) Testing hypotheses
A child forgets about the toy as soon as it is placed under a blanket – is an example of a
child's lack of…
A. Sense of selfB. Object permanenceC. ConservationD. ReversibilityE. Delayed gratification
Intellectual Disability
• Limitations in age-appropriate intellectual & adaptive behavior
• Life Span
Moderate
• Delays in preschool• Discrepancies widen
with age• h health problems• h behavior problems
Behavioral Excesses
• h behavior problems• i self-control• “Dual diagnosis”– I.D. + psychiatric
condition
Small Group Questions• Who is the “father” of cognitive theory?• Define schema, assimilation and accommodation• What are the four stages of cognitive development and
what are the major tasks associated with each stage?• In general terms how is cognitive functioning affected
in clients with ID?• In general terms how is adaptive behavior affected in
clients with ID?• In general terms how is social development affected in
clients with ID?
Common tests
• Wechsler test–Most common
• Vineyard Social maturity scale• Leiter international performance scale• Slosson Intelligence Test
What does IQ stand for?
• Intelligence quotient–William Stern
• Median score –100 –95 % between 70 and 130
Is intellectual disability determined by just an IQ test?
• No!• 3 major criteria :– intellectual
functioning, – adaptive behavior, – onset <18
Small Group Questions• What does IQ stand for?• What is the formula for IQ?• What behaviors or skills are associated with
intelligence?• What is the “average” IQ• What score on an IQ is considered ID?• What tests are used to determine IQ?
People Served by Calif. - DDS
1997Gender # %
Female 61,892 42.3%
Male 84,345 57.7%
Total 146,237 100%
2007
Gender # %
Female 86,740 38.6%
Male 138,230 61.4%
Total 224,970 100%
Age # %Birth – 2yrs 29,781 13.2%
3-13 yrs 61,684 27.4%
14 – 21 yrs 38, 820 17.3%
22 - 31 yrs 32,161 14.3%
32 – 41 yrs 22,002 9.8%
42 – 51 yrs 21,594 9.6%
52 – 61 yrs 12,987 5.8%
> 62 yrs 5,941 2.6%
Residence Type
1997#
1997%
2007#
2007%
Home 96,412 65.9% 165,284 73.5%
Comm. care 24,912 17.0% 27,133 12.1%
ILS / SLS 12,184 8.3% 19,492 8.7%
SNF / ICF 7,976 5.3% 8,854 3.9%
Developmental Center
4,031 2.8% 2,675 1.2%
Other 722 0.5% 1,532 0.7%
Course Content #5
• List the ranges of I.Q. scores associated with various levels of intellectual disability according to the AAIDD
Levels of ID per DSM-IV Level IQ
Mild 50 - 55 to 70Moderate 35-40 to 55Severe 20 - 25 to 35 -40Profound Below 20 – 25
Wechsler Intelligence Scales(Current as of 2012)
IQ Range ("deviation IQ") IQ Classification
130 and above Very Superior
120–129 Superior
110–119 High Average
90–109 Average
80–89 Low Average
70–79 Borderline
69 and below Extremely Low
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale Fifth Edition (2003)
IQ Range IQ Classification
145–160 Very gifted or highly advanced
130–144 Gifted or very advanced120–129 Superior110–119 High average90–109 Average80–89 Low average
70–79 Borderline impaired or delayed
55–69 Mildly impaired or delayed
40–54 Moderately impaired or delayed
Historically – 1916 IQ Range IQ Classification
Above 140 "Near" genius or genius120–140 Very superior intelligence110–120 Superior intelligence
90–110 Normal, or average, intelligence
80–90 Dullness, rarely classifiable as feeble-mindedness
70–80 Border-line deficiency, sometimes classifiable as dullness, often as feeble-mindedness
Below 70 Definite feeble-mindedness
1923
IQ Range ("ratio IQ") IQ Classification
130 and above Very Superior
120–129 Very Bright
110–119 Bright
90–109 Normal
80–89 Backward
70–79 Borderline
1928175 of above Precocious
150–174 Very superior125–149 Superior115–124 Very bright105–114 Bright95–104 Average85–94 Dull75–84 Borderline50–74 Morons25–49 Imbeciles0–24 Idiots
1958
IQ Range IQ Classification Percent Included
128 and over Very Superior 2.2
120–127 Superior 6.7
111–119 Bright Normal 16.1
91–110 Average 50.0
80–90 Dull normal 16.1
66–89 Borderline 6.7
65 and below Defective 2.2
Small Group Question
• List the ranges of I.Q. scores associated with various levels of intellectual disability according to the AAIDD
Course Content #6
• Describe expected levels of functioning of the developmentally disabled as a population
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