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OVERVIEW OF THORACIC WALLBY
ATIBA, P.M
ANA 202
GROSS ANATOMY OF THORAX
29/01/2020 Gross Anatomy of Thoracic Wall 1
MUSCLES
EXTERNAL INTERCOSTAL
INTERNAL INETRCOSTAL
INNERMOST INETRCOSTAL
SUBCOSTALIS
TRANSVERSUS THORACIS
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EXTERNAL INTERCOSTALSAttachments: Originate at the lower border of the rib, inserting into the superior border of the rib below.
Actions: Elevates the ribs, increasing the thoracic volume.
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EXTERNAL INTERCOSTALS
Actions: Elevates the ribs, increasing the thoracic volume.
Innervation: Intercostal nerves (T1-T11)
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Internal
Intercostals
Attachments: Originates from the lateral edge of the costal groove and inserts into the superior surface of the rib below.
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Internal
Intercostals
Actions: The interosseous part reduces the thoracic volume by depressing the ribcage, and the interchondral part elevates the ribs.
Innervation: Intercostal nerves (T1-T11).
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Innermost
Intercostals
Attachments: Originates from the medial edge of the costal groove and inserts into the superior surface of the rib below.
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Innermost Intercostals
Actions: The interosseous part reduces the thoracic volume by depressing the ribcage, and the interchondral part elevates the ribs.
Innervation: Intercostal nerves (T1-T11)
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Transversus
Thoracis
Attachments: From the posterior surface of the inferior sternum to the internal surface of costal cartilages 2-6.
Actions: Weakly depress the ribs.
Innervation: Intercostal nerves (T2-T6).29/01/2020 Gross Anatomy of Thoracic Wall 9
Elsevier. Drake et al: Gray’s Anatomy for students www.studentconsult.com
Subcostals
•Attachments: These originate from the inferior surface of the lower ribs, near the angle of the rib. They then attach to the superior border of the rib 2 or 3 below.
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Subcostals
•Actions: Depress ribs during forced expiration; Support intercostal spaces and thoracic cage.
•Innervation: Intercostal nerves
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BLOOD SUPPLY
The Intercostal spaces are supply by;
• The posterior intercostal artery and
• Two branches of anterior intercostal arteries.
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Elsevier. Drake et al: Gray’s Anatomy for students www.studentconsult.com
BLOOD SUPPLY
• The Posterior Intercostal arteries supply;
• The first two intercostal spaces through superior intercostal artery (branch of costocervical trunk of subclavian artery).
• The 3rd-11th intercostal space through descending thoracic aorta.
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BLOOD SUPPLY
• The Anterior Intercostal arteries supply;
• The 1st-6th intercostal spaces through internal thoracic artery (branch of the first portion of subclavian artery).
• The 7th-9th intercostal space through musculophrenic artery (internal thoracic artery).
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Venous drainage
• The corresponding posterior intercostal vein drains into azygos or hemiazygos veins, while the anterior intercostal veins drain into internal thoracic or musculophrenic veins.
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Lymphatic drainage
• It is drain into parasternal and intercostal lymph nodes.
• The parasternal and intercostal lymph nodes from the upper thorax drain into bronchomediastinaltrunk
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Lymphatic drainage
• The intercostal lymph nodes from the lower thorax drains into the thoracic duct.
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NERVE• The thoracic wall is
primarily innervated by the intercostal nerves, which are the anterior rami of spinal nerves of T1-T11 and the anterior ramus of T12 is a subcostal nerve.
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ASSIGNMENT
• List other muscles of the thoracic wall.
• Describe the proximal attachment, distal attachment, innervation and main action of the above named muscles.
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