ORAL MANIFESTATIONS OF SYSTEMIC DISEASES Dr.Shahzadi Tayyaba Hashmi shahzadi@inaya.edu.sa

ORAL MANIFESTATIONS OF SYSTEMIC DISEASES

Dr.Shahzadi Tayyaba Hashmi shahzadi@inaya.edu.sa

• Many patients suffering from diseases which may affect the whole body may show specific oral signs and symptoms

• Those with important oral signs are as follows:1. Hematological disorders: iron-deficiency anemia2. Endocrine disturbances: type I diabetes3. Viral infections: infections with human immuno

deficiency virus ( HIV)4. Malignant disease: advanced malignant disease,

leukemia

INTRODUCTION

• Patients who suffer from iron deficiency anemia have predisposition to certain oral mucosal diseases. These include:

1. Apthous ulceration2. Angular chelitis (soreness and cracking at the angles of mouth by fungus

Candida albicans or by bacteria streptococcus aureus)3. Mucosal atrophy (mucosa appears red)• If iron- deficiency anemia is detected, then the

underlying cause should be investigated

1)HEMATOLOGICAL DISORDERS

1) Apthous ulceration

2) Angular chelitis

3) Mucosal atrophy

• Patients with type 1 diabetes have insufficient insulin and this may be controlled by diet, drugs or insulin injections

• They may show the following symptoms in oral cavity:

1. Symptoms of dry mouth

2. Fungal infections by Candida albicans

3. Increases predisposition to periodontal disease

4. Poor wound healing

2)ENDOCRINE DISTURBANCES

1) Symptoms of dry mouth

2)Fungal infections by Candida albicans

3) Periodontal disease

4)Poor wound healing

• Infection with HIV may cause marked immunosupression and patients suffer from specific conditions in the oral cavity. These are:

1. Fungal infections

2. Hairy Leukoplakia

3. Kaposi’s sarcoma

4. Severe periodontal disease

5. Other severe viral infections, particularly those caused by herpes simplex and papillomatous lesions

3) VIRAL INFECTIONS

1) HAIRY LEUKOPLAKIA

a) A white patch present on the lateral borders of the tongue on both sidesb) it is not a premalignant lesionc) Associated with Epstein-Barr virus

2)KAPOSI’S SARCOMA

a) They are red-purple patches, which are raised and granularb) Commonly found on gingiva and hard palatec) Associated with the specific virus

3)SEVERE PERIODONTAL DISEASE

4)OTHER SEVERE VIRAL INFECTIONS

• Patients who have malignant disease arising in other parts of the body may suffer from oral symptoms, especially in the later stage of disease

• They may suffer from thrush ( acute pseudo membranous candidosis) caused by the fungus Candida albicans

• This is characterised by thick, creamy white patches which may occur on any part of oral mucosa

4)MALIGNANT DISEASE

(THICK, CREAMY WHITE PATCHES)THRUSH

• Specific oral signs and symptoms may occur in patients with leukemia. These are:

1. Swollen ulcerated gingiva, which may exude pus

2. Small hemorrhages (ecchymosis) or patechiae ( pin-point, flat red areas of hemorrhage) under the skin and mucosa

3. Patient feels tired and appear pale

6) LEUKAEMIA