Oral cavity. Dental caries tooth decay, cavity damage of the heard tooth structure (enamel, dentin,...
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- Oral cavity
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- Dental caries tooth decay, cavity damage of the heard tooth
structure (enamel, dentin, cementum) Cause bacteria: Streptococus
muttant, Lactobacillus... Risk factors sugar: saccharine, starch,
glucose, fructose converted by bacterias into lactic acid Bacteria
+ acid + food debris + saliva plaque mineralization into tartar
Signs, symptoms and consequences pain, infection, loss of
tooth
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- Periodontitis inflammation of periodontium gums, ligamentum,
bone Cause bacteria, mycotic infection Risk factors poor hygiene
irritation by plague genes? diabetes Signs and symptoms redness and
bleeding of gums gum swelling halitosis uncovering of the teeth -
deep pockets between the teeth pain moving of the teeth, loose
teeth
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- Oral precanceroses and cancers Leukoplakia white spots
(plaques) on oral mucosa or tongue precancerous lesion Cause
mutation? Risk factors smoking human papillomavirus alcohol
Erythroplakia red velvet-like plaques) on oral mucosa precancerous
lesion Cause ? (mutation?) Risk factors smoking alcohol
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- Oral cancers squamous cell carcinoma (90%) oral mucosa
adenocarcinoma - salivary glands lymphoma - tonsils Cause mutation
Risk factors smoking alcohol human papillomavitus Signs and
symptoms skin or mucosa lesion small, white, painless, later pain,
problems with eating, talking
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- Oral infections Herpes labialis Cause Herpes simplex virus
(HSV-1) Signs and symptoms blisters Oral candidiasis Cause Candida
albicans infection Risk factors newborn babies patients with
diabetes or HIV infections antibiotics treatment Signs and symptoms
white plaque in oral cavity
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- Avitaminoses Vitamins B deficiency angular cheilosis shiny red
lips sore tongue mucositis oral pain ulceration glossitis increased
risk of candidiasis inflamed gingiva aphtous ulcers
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- Avitaminoses Vitamin C deficiency - Scurvy red swollen gingiva
gingival friability periodontal destruction increased tooth
mobility and exfoliation sore burning mouth soft tissue ulceration
increased risk of candidiasis malformed teeth (inadequate
dentine)
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- Avitaminoses Vitamin A deficiency impaired tissue healing and
regeneration desquamation of oral mucosa keratosis increases risk
of candidiasis gingival hypertrophy and inflammation leukoplakia
decreased taste sensitivity xerostomia disturbed enamel development
increased caries risk
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- Avitaminoses Vitamin D Deficiency incomplete mineralisation of
teeth Excess pulp calcification, enamel hypoplasia
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- Disorders of mineral metabolism Fluoride Deficiency: decreased
resistance to caries Excess: enamel hypoplasia (fluorosis) Iron
Deficiency: angular cheilosis, pallor of lips and oral mucosa,
sore, burning tongue, glossitis Calcium Deficiency: incomplete
mineralisation of teeth, rickets, osteomalacia, osteoporosis, bone
fragility, increased tooth mobility and premature loss Zinc
Deficiency: loss of taste and tongue sensation, delayed wound
healing, increased susceptibility to periodontal disease,
candidiasis, xerostomia, caries
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- Salivary glands diseases Sialolithiasis stones in salivary
glands Sialadenitis - inflammation - Staphylococcus, Streptococcus,
Haemophilus influenzae... Viral infections - mumps, flu, Coxsackie
viruses, cytomegalovirus... Cysts - injury, infection, stones,
tumors Tumors Sjgren's autoimmune disease destruction of salivary
glands dryness of mouth, eyes (keratoconjuctivitis sicca), skin,
nose, vagina... Sialadenosis - a painless enlargement of the
salivary gland without a known cause. The parotid is usually the
affected gland.
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- Esophagus
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- Dysphagia difficulty in swallowing sensation that the food
stops in the oesophagus Cause disorder of oesophagus motility
neuro-muscular problems multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis,
Parkinson disease... obstruction tumor psychogenic phagophobia
painful swallowing Cause disorder of motility obstruction infection
reflux oesophatitis Odynophagia
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- Achalasia disorder of esophageal motility defect of ezophagus
peristalsis Cause defect of ezophagus wall innervation Signs and
symptoms dificulty swallowing regurgitation chest pain burning
sensation in esophagus Cause GERD Pyrosis
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- GERD