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Oracle9i Real Application Clusters
권 태 완Principal Sales ConsultantDB Tech. TeamOracle Corporation
What is a Cluster?
Group of servers acting as single systemRequires
– hardware (interconnect) – software (clusterware)
Traditional use – availability (failover)– read-only applications
Types of Cluster Databases
Shared Cache Databases– Oracle Real Application Clusters on All
Platforms (Linux, Unix, Windows …)– IBM DB2 Sysplex on Mainframe
Shared Nothing Databases– IBM DB2 on Some Platforms
Federated Databases – Microsoft SQLServer2000 on Windows
“Oracle9i Real Application Clusters computing is a breakthrough technology.
The ability to dramatically scale an application without modification is an
invaluable new proposition.”
– Carl Olofson, IDC 2001
Oracle9i Real Application Clusters
Oracle9i Real Application Clusters is designed for today’s most demanding deployments
– Server consolidation means very large user populations
– Critical e-business requires full time service– Rapid growth shortens capacity planning– Low Costs
Oracle9i Real Application Clusters
Extends the Oracle9i Database to clustered systems
– High Availability– Scalability with Full Cache Fusion– Ease Consolidation
Identical functionality to a single instance of Oracle9i
– Improved Manageability
Real Application Clusters Architecture
Network
Low Latency InterconnectVIA or Proprietary
Users
No SinglePoint Of Failure
Centralized Management Console
High Speed Switch or Interconnect
ClusteredDatabase Servers
Hub or Switch Fabric
Storage Area Network
Drive and Exploit Industry Advances in Clustering
Mirrored Disk Subsystem
Database Challenges on Scalability
Scale to Millions of Users– Transparently– All types of applications
Scale workloads without limitsGrow storage easilyConsolidation with low costs
Cache Fusion Architecture
Full Cache Fusion– Cache-to-cache data
shipping – Shared cache
eliminatesslow I/O
– Enhanced IPCAllows flexibleand transparent deployment
Users
Shared CacheShared Cache
Cache FusionCache Fusion
Full Cache Fusion
DatabaseDatabase
Node A
Databasebuffers
Node B
Databasebuffers
RequestRequestData TransferData Transfer
Oracle9i Cache Fusion increases performance and scalability
– Data is shipped directly over high speed interconnect
– Minimize disk I/O
Cache Fusion ManagesInter Instance Block RequestsReaders and writers accessing instance A gain access to blocks in instance B’s buffer cacheAll types of block accessCoordination by Global Cache Service
ReadReadRead
Requestfor BlockCache A
RequestRequestfor Blockfor BlockCache ACache A
ReadReadRead
WriteWriteWrite
WriteWriteWrite
BlockBlockStatus inStatus inCache BCache B
ReadReadRead
ReadReadRead
WriteWriteWrite
WriteWriteWrite
Oracle9i Real Application Clusters
Start small, grow incrementallyScalable AND highly availableAdd capacity on demand with zero downtime
Sharing Data AND Memory
DataDataAA--ZZ
Works with ALL applications
Before Consolidation Availability reliant on passive HWNo inherent scalabilityServer HW dedicated to application
ERPERP DWDW CRMCRMWebWeb
Consolidation with RAC
WebWeb
Complete availability…unlimited scalabilityServer HW shared between applications
ERPERP
CRMCRMDWDW
Pay and Scale Incrementally
3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24Months
100%
200%
300%W
o
r
k
l
o
d
World Record on Linux
138362
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
Oracle IBM Microsoft
tpm
C
Won’t Say Can’t Say
Clustered TPC-C - 8 node, 32 Processors
Source - Transaction Processing Council. As of October 3, 2002: Oracle9i Database Release 2 with Real Application Clusters on Red Hat Linux Advanced Server, HP ProLiant DL580R, with 32 Intel Pentium III 900 MHz processors, 138,362.025, $17.38/tpmC, (original publication date, 9-16-02) available 03/05/03
E-Business Suite 11i
1288
2296
4368
5433
6496
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Use
rs
1 Node 2 Nodes 5 Nodes4 Nodes 6 Nodes
Over 85% Scalability
Source: Oracle Internal Benchmark
SAP Parallel SD Benchmark
3640
6580
12000
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
1 Node 2 Nodes 4 Nodes
SD U
sers
SAP SD Scalability with Oracle9i RAC
Source: SAP Standard 4.6 C Application Benchmark; Certification # 2002029, 2002030 & 2002031; June 3, 2002www.sap.com/benchmark
Scalability on Intel
33000
66000
98000
128000
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
Use
rs
OLTP - Call Center Application1 Node 2 Nodes 4 Nodes3 Nodes
Source: http://cedar.intel.com/media/pdf/ss/oracle_perf.pdf.
Cost of SMP vs Clusters
# # ServersServers
Operating SystemOperating System
Processors/ServerProcessors/Server
ComponentComponent
Total CostTotal Cost
1132 @1.332 @1.3GhzGhz
AIX 5LAIX 5L
IBM IBM eServereServerpSeriespSeries 690 690
$1,250,000$1,250,000
Source: www.ibm.com
Memory/ServerMemory/Server 6464GbGb
884 @1.24 @1.2GhzGhz
AIX 5LAIX 5L
Cluster IBM Cluster IBM pSeriespSeries 650650
$431,960$431,960
88GbGb
884 @24 @2GhzGhz
RedHat RedHat ASAS
Intel/Linux Intel/Linux ClusterCluster
$232,664$232,664
Source: www.dell.com
88GbGb
Database Challenges on Availability
Be available all the time– design for fault tolerance– provide fast and reliable fault recovery– eliminate maintenance downtime
Support mission-critical business operations
Server Availability Challenge
Server 1Instance ‘A’
Server is a SINGLE point of failure
DatabaseDatabase‘‘AA’’
Clusters without RAC
DatabaseDatabase
Server 1Instance ‘A’
Server 2
Removes Server as SINGLE point of failure
Clusters with ‘Cold’ Failover
Server 1
Restart single instance on Server 2
Server 2Instance ‘A’
DatabaseDatabase
Real Application Clusters
Server 1Instance ‘A’
Server 2Instance ‘B’
DatabaseDatabase
SERVER failure - your database remains available Protect from SERVER failures
RAC vs ‘Cold’ Failover?
Failover OperationFailover Operation RACRAC ‘‘ColdCold’’
Restart OracleRestart OracleRecover OracleRecover Oracle
Warm Buffer CacheWarm Buffer CacheTotal Failover TimeTotal Failover Time
Failover Disk VolumesFailover Disk VolumesReconfigure Distributed LocksReconfigure Distributed Locks
Reconfigure Group MembershipReconfigure Group Membership
0 0 secsec20 20 secsec0 0 secsec
< 60 < 60 secsec
0 0 secsec5 5 secsec
15 15 secsec
Up to 5 minUp to 5 min20 20 secsec
10 + 10 + minmin> 35 > 35 minmin
Up to 20 minUp to 20 min0 0 secsec0 0 secsec
Federated DatabasesMaintenance problemsPerformance problems
DataDataAA--EE
DataDataFF--KK
DataDataLL--SS
DataDataTT--ZZ
Less reliable with more servers
Federated Databases
CREATE VIEW Customers ASSELECT * FROMServer1.TableOwner.Customers_33UNION ALLSELECT * FROMServer2.CompanyDatabase.TableOwner.Customers_66UNION ALLSELECT * FROMServer3.CompanyDatabase.TableOwner.Customers_77UNION ALL::
자료검색자료검색
A-E F-K L-P Q-S T-Z
What Happens When You Add a Node?
Code Changes & Service Down
Federated DatabasesFederated Databases Federated Databases
1. Add hardware1. Add hardware
Federated Databases
6. Re-define partitioned tables & indexes
2. Configure new instance2. Configure new instance
6. Re-define partitioned tables & indexes
7. Re-define triggers on partitioned
3. Create new database3. Create new database
7. Re-define triggers on partitioned
8. Re-define DPVs
4. Disconnect all users4. Disconnect all users
8. Re-define DPVs
5. Unload data from existing tables5. Unload data from existing tables
9. Reload the data to spread9. Reload the data to spread
10. Reconnect all users10. Reconnect all users
Oracle Support Distributed Database – Using Database Link– Using Partition View in Oracle7
(not Partition Table in Oracle9i)
DataDataAA--EE
DataDataFF--KK
DataDataLL--SS
DataDataTT--ZZ
This is not
Cluster Databases
Distributed Databases
"Technically, this setup isn't a true clustered implementation.
According to Microsoft, SQL Server won't support true clustering until the post-SQL Server 2000 release, code named Yukon."
– Michael Otey, SQL Server Magazine
Shared Nothing Databases
IBM’s Database Business (Source: Dataquest, May 2002)
– Mainframe & AS400 (63.3%)– Unix(18.8%)– Windows(18.2%)
IBM’s Cluster Databases– Sysplex on Mainframe(Shared Disk)– DB2 EEE on Unix(Shared Nothing)
Shared Nothing DatabasesMaintenance problemsLimited scalability for OLTP workloads
DataDataAA--EE
DataDataFF--KK
DataDataTT--ZZ
DataDataLL--SS
Shared Nothing DatabasesPartition Probes
– Query on partition key– Query on non-partition key
Query on Empname
Broadcast to all partitions
Query on Query on EmpnoEmpno
HashHash((EmpEmp#) #)
modulo 1modulo 1
HashHash((EmpEmp#) #)
modulo 2modulo 2
HashHash((EmpEmp#) #)
modulo 4modulo 4
HashHash((EmpEmp#) #)
modulo 3modulo 3
Shared Nothing DatabasesFailure on Primary Node of Disk
– Mounting Disk on secondaty node– Starting Engine on secondary node
INSTANCE1
DataDataFF--KK
DataDataAA--EE
DataDataLL--SS
DataDataTT--ZZ
INSTANCE1INSTANCE1 INSTANCE2 INSTANCE3 INSTANCE4
Shared Nothing DatabasesFailure on Primary & Secondary Nodes of Disk
– Service down (don’t use data in disk)
DataDataAA--EE
DataDataFF--KK
Do not Use DataDataLL--SS
DataDataTT--ZZ
INSTANCE1 INSTANCE2INSTANCE1INSTANCE1 INSTANCE3 INSTANCE4
What Happens When You Add a Node?
Shared Nothing DatabasesShared Nothing Databases
1. Add hardware1. Add hardware
2. Configure new partition (set partition-specific parameters, etc.)2. Configure new partition (set partition-specific parameters, etc.)
3. Redistribute the data to spread it across a larger number of partitions3. Redistribute the data to spread it across a larger number of partitions
Redistributing the data in a DB2 EEE system involves DBA work and Downtime for the database.
Redistributing the data in a DB2 EEE system involves DBA work and Downtime for the database.
Service Down
Shared Cache DatabasesAvailability AND scalabilityMaintained like a single database
DataDataAA--ZZ
More reliable with more servers100% 100% 100% 100% 133% 133% 134% 200% 200% 400%
What Happens When You Add a Node?
Shared Nothing DatabasesShared Nothing Databases
1. Add hardware1. Add hardware
2. Configure new instance (set instance-specific parameters, etc.) 2. Configure new instance (set instance-specific parameters, etc.)
No Service Down
What about the Competition?
Clustered FeatureClustered Feature Oracle9Oracle9ii IBMIBMDB2DB2
MicrosoftMicrosoftSS2000SS2000
Support for ALL ApplicationsSupport for ALL ApplicationsMultiple Platform SupportMultiple Platform Support
Availability AND Scalability for OLTPAvailability AND Scalability for OLTPCluster File System SupportCluster File System Support
Add Nodes without DowntimeAdd Nodes without Downtime
Automatic User ReAutomatic User Re--ConnectionConnectionTransparent Application FailoverTransparent Application Failover
SubSub--Minute System FailoverMinute System Failover
YesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYes
YesYesYesYesYesYes
NoNo NoNoLimitedLimited NoNo
NoNo NoNoLimitedLimited NoNo
NoNo NoNo
YesYes NoNoNoNo NoNoNoNo NoNo
Database Challenges on Manageability
Create one virtual system to configure and manageSingle system image for the database integrated with the cluster
Oracle’s Manageability Vision
“..to minimize management costs by delivering fully adaptive and completely
self-managing systems.”
Real Application Clusters Manageability
Single system Image – Single Oracle Database – One virtual system to configure and manage– Single management console
Cluster-wide monitoring and diagnostics
Oracle 9i Database – Reduce DBA Time by 40%
Tota
l
Man
agem
ent
Tuni
ng
Mon
itorin
g an
dDi
agno
stic
s
Conf
igur
atio
n
Trai
ning
etc
.
Oracle9i
Oracle8i0
1
2
3
4
5DB
A Da
ys P
er W
eek
Oracle9i Database – Easier To Manage Even At Low End
Resume from “out-of-space” Errors
Recover from Human Errors
Self-identified Unused Indexes
Row Size not Limited by Block Size
Parameters Dynamically Changeable
Health Check Overview and Reports
Resume from Resume from ““outout--ofof--spacespace”” ErrorsErrors
Recover from Human ErrorsRecover from Human Errors
SelfSelf--identified Unused Indexes identified Unused Indexes
Row Size not Limited by Block SizeRow Size not Limited by Block Size
Parameters Dynamically ChangeableParameters Dynamically Changeable
Health Check Overview and Reports Health Check Overview and Reports
Yes
Yes
YesYes YesYes
YesYes
YesYes
YesYes
Yes Yes
YesYes
YesYes
No
NoNoNoNoNo
NoNo
NoNo
NoNo
NoNo
NoNo
NoNo
No
No
NoNo
YesNo
NoNo
NoNo
NoNo
NoNo
YesYes
NoNo
Simplified DBA TasksSimplified DBA Tasks Oracle9Oracle9ii IBMIBMDB2DB2
MicrosoftMicrosoftSS2000SS2000
“Using Real Application Clusters, people are able to accomplish the kind of scaleability
that they used to have to resort to high-end SMP systems for, using inexpensive
commodity servers on Intel processors.”
– Carl Olofson, IDC 2002
Oracle9i RAC Customers
SK텔레콤 – IBM포스코 – Linux포스데이타 – Linux삼성전자 - Sun교육인적자원부 – Sun대한항공 – HP동주산업 – Win2K정보통신부 – IBM하이트맥주 – Win2K철도청 - Sun단국대병원 – HP소니코리아 - Linux
한국투자신탁증권 - HP메리츠증권 - Sun외환은행 – Fujitsu금융결제원 - Sun대한생명 - HPCJ투자신탁증권 - IBM기업은행- IBM서울보증보험 - IBM국민은행 – HPKT - HPLG텔레콤 - HP
Oracle9i RAC CustomersUPS - SunFAA - LinuxLycos Europe – Tru64Dell Global IT - LinuxElectronic Arts - LinuxBritish Telecom - SunSiemens ICM - SunAxciom – Tru64NRW (German) Police -LinuxCern – LinuxEllis Island – LinuxProLogis - Win2K
GM Vector SCM - AIXAustrian Railways – Tru64Freemarkets.com – Tru64Gas Authority of India (GAIL) -SunGreen Mountain Power –Tru64Nordac – Tru64Transports Mesguen – Tru64SITA – OS390Lithonia Lighting - LinuxOracle Global eMail - HPUXOracle GSI – HPUXDIPS - Win2K
Oracle9i RAC Customers
www.oracle.com/customers
For More Information
www.oracle.com/clusters
Q U E S T I O N SQ U E S T I O N SA N S W E R SA N S W E R S
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