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Off the Page:Bringing Books to Life
Lindsay Hanna, M.S., CCC-SLP, LSLS Cert AVTDarcy L. Stowe, M.S., CCC-SLP, LSLS Cert AVT
Jennifer Bryngelson, M.A., CCC-SLP, LSLS Cert AVT
Stage Literacy Oracy Strategies
Planting the Seeds(0 to 12 months)
Growing(1’s & 2’s)
Cultivating(3’s & 4’s)
The Harvest(5’s & older)
Planting the Seeds0 to 12 months
0 to 12 months
Literacy
• Explores books through senses, much like a toy• Recognizes emotion in facial expressions (4 months) • Imitates facial expressions (6 months)• Understands pictures in books represent real objects
(12 months)• Treats words as part of the picture
0 to 12 months
Oracy
• Critical foundational abilities for storytelling are established• Memory: episodic, but short-term• Cognition: anticipates events & develops understanding of cause/effect • Language: learns the sounds of the native language & acquires first words • Parents: routines and a linguistically-rich environment are crucial
0 to 12 months
Strategies
• Exposure to Books
• Well-defined Routines• daily routines• play routines• social routines
• Reading Aloud
• Singing & Fingerplays
Exposure to Books
• Babies should have the opportunity to see, touch, and taste books
• Babies should have books readily available– Think beyond the bookshelf and keep books
always available in the…• Car
• Living room
• Bathroom
• Kitchen
• Diaper bag
Well-defined Routines
• Daily Routines: Acts of care-giving that happen no matter what the day is like
• Play Routines: Use of age-appropriate objects that support parent-infant interactions
• Social Routines: Incidental interactions that occur out-and-about
www.heartsforhearing.org
Jim Trelease’s DOs of Reading Aloud
• Begin reading to children as soon as possible. The younger you start them, the easier and better it is.
• Use Mother Goose rhymes and songs to stimulate the infant’s language and listening.
• Read as often as you and the child have time for• Set aside at least one traditional time each day for a
story• Use plenty of expression when reading aloud• Remember that reading aloud comes naturally to very
few people. To do it successfully and with ease, you must practice.
Reading Aloud
• Reading to the child
– Word for word
– Emphasizes rhyme and rhythm
– Promotes literacy by early exposure to print
• Reading with the Child
– Reading conversationally
– Expands parent’s use of rich language
– Sparks child’s interest in pictures and stories
– Works well with any books but especially picture books and flap books
– *Pearl = you can turn any book into a flap book with sticky notes!!
Top 5 Read Alouds:Reading to the Child
TOP 5 :
–Runaway Bunny by Margaret Wise Brown
– I Love You Through and Through by Rossetti-Shutak
– I Went Walking by Sue Williams
–Barnyard Dance (and others in the series) by Sandra Boynton
–Pat the Bunny by Dorothy Kunhardt
Top 5 Read Alouds:Reading with the Child
TOP 5:
–“Indestructibles”
– First 100 Words (and others in the series) by Roger Priddy
–Where’s Baby’s Bellybutton? (and others in the series) by Karen Katz
–Dear Zoo by Rod Campbell
– Interactive books: touch & feel, slides, flaps, cloth, bath books
Stage Literacy Oracy Strategies
Planting the Seeds(0 to 12 months)
Growing(1’s & 2’s)
Cultivating(3’s & 4’s)
The Harvest(5’s & older)
Growing1’s & 2’s
1’s & 2’s
Literacy
1’s
• Takes control of reading experience• Labels familiar pictures• Identifies conflict (i.e. “Boy sad. Ball gone.”)• Holds book with proper orientation and turn
pages in correct direction• Believes prints labels pictures
2’s
• Chooses books to “read” independently• Recites language from familiar stories• Recognizes favorite book by the cover• Comments on storylines, conflicts, and characters• Connects stories to his or her life
Oracy
1’s
• Personal Experience Narratives are highly prompted• short & simple
• Fundamental Sense of Self (15 months)• Scripts of routine events• Language: there-and-then• Parental influences: amount & type
2’s
• Personal Experience Narratives are co-constructions• Autobiographical Memory (2 ½ years)• Scripts have beginning, middle, end• Language: sentences, vocabulary growth but few
temporal words• Parental influences: talking about past events
1’s & 2’s
Strategies
• Reading Aloud• Repeated Lines• Extensions• Reading with Manipulatives• Experience Books
Jim Trelease’s DOs of Reading Aloud
• With infants through toddlers, it is critically important to include in your readings those books that contain repetitions; as they mature, add predictable books.
• During repeat readings of a predictable book, occasionally stop at one of the key words or phrases and allow the listener to provide the word.
• Remember: The art of listening is an acquired one. It must be taught and cultivated gradually – it doesn’t happen overnight.
• To encourage involvement, invite the child to turn pages for you when it is time.
Jim Trelease’s DON’Ts of Reading Aloud
• Don’t be unnerved by questions during reading aloud.
• Don’t confuse quantity with quality. Reading to your child for ten minutes, given your full attention and enthusiasm, may very well last longer in the child’s mind than two hours of solitary television viewing.
• Don’t let books appear to be responsible for depriving children of screen time.
Reading Aloud
Top 5:
– Frog and Toad series by Arnold Lobel
– The Rhyme Bible by Linda Sattgast
– How Do Dinosaurs Say Goodnight by Jane Yolen
– Peter Rabbit by Beatrix Potter
– Mother Goose Nursery Rhymes
Repeated Lines
Top 5:– Counting Series
• 10 in the Bed
• 5 Little Ducks
• 5 Green & Speckled Frogs
• 10 Little Ladybugs
– Bear Snores On by Karma Wilson and Jane Chapman
– Very Busy Spider by Eric Carle
– Brown Bear Brown Bear by Bill Martin and Eric Carle
– We’re Going on a Bear Hunt by Michael Rosen and Helen Oxenbury
Early Extending
Top 5:
– Pete the Cat: I Love My White Shoes by Eric Litwin
– Birthday books
• Spot’s Birthday Party by Eric Hill
• Rocko & Spanky Go to a Party by Kara LaReau
– No David books by David Shannon
– Love & Kisses by Sarah Wilson
– All Better! by Henning Lohlein
Experience Books
Top 5:
– Pinhole Press, https://pinholepress.com/
– Shutterfly, https://www.shutterfly.com/
– Story Creator App, https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/story-creator-easy-story-book/id5455369477?mt=8
– 1-hour Photo at Walgreens or Walmart
– Draw Your Own Story!
Reading with Manipulatives
Top 5:
– Duck in the Truck by Jez Alborough
– Who Sank the Boat by Pamela Allen
– Mrs. Wishy Washy by Joy Cowley
– Go Away Big Green Monster by Ed Emberley
– Good Night Gorilla by Peggy Rathmann
Stage Literacy Oracy Strategies
Planting the Seeds(0 to 12 months)
Growing(1’s & 2’s)
Cultivating(3’s & 4’s)
The Harvest(5’s & older)
Cultivating3’s & 4’s
Literacy
3’s
• Understands beginning and ending• Uses phrases from favorite stories to create their
own stories• Uses memories of stories to anticipate what they will
hear or experience• Reads logos and labels in their environment• Recognizes first letter of name
4’s
• Masters book level concepts of print (cover, title, author, and illustrator)
• Refuses to read because they “can’t” like adults• Views reading as decoding words• Tracks print with eyes or finger• Understands different purposes of print (i.e. menu,
newspaper)• Sequences a series of events in stories• Names letters of alphabet
Oracy
3’s
• Narratives: Personal Experience co-constructions & a few independently• Provides new information in co-constructions
• Language: Uses simple mental verbs & words to indicate time
• Early Theory of Mind: people have thoughts
4’s
• Narratives:• Personal Experience & Simple Fictional• Uses setting, initiating event, response, conclusion• Begins to include problems/goals• Differs between boys and girls
• Language: adjectives, pronouns, verbs to express thoughts
• Theory of Mind: understands that people will hold beliefs other than their own
Strategies
• Reading Aloud • Rhyming • Inferencing• Predicting• Extending• Story Grammar• Retelling• Compare & Contrast• Multiple Meanings/Idioms
• Story Starters• Embellishment
Jim Trelease’s DOs of Reading Aloud
• Before you begin to read, always say the name of the book, the author, and illustrator – no matter how many times you have read the book.
• Occasionally read above the child’s intellectual level to challenge his mind
• The first time you read a book, discuss the illustration on the cover “What do you think this is going to be about?”
• Lead by example. Make sure your children see you reading for pleasure other than during read-aloud time.
Jim Trelease’s DON’Ts of Reading Aloud
• Don’t read stories that you don’t enjoy yourself
• Don’t continue reading a book once it is obvious that it was a poor choice
• Don’t read above a child’s emotional level
Reading Aloud
Top 5
– Mrs. Piggle Wiggle by Betty MacDonald
– Ralph S. Mouse by Beverly Cleary
– Flat Stanley series by Jeff Brown
– Hank the Cowdog by John R. Erickson
– Junie B. Jones by Barbara Park
Rhyming
Top 5:
– Miss Mary Mack by Mary Ann Hoberman
– Down By the Bay by Nadine Bernard Westcott
– Lady with an Alligator Purse by Nadine Bernard Westcott
– Frog in the Bog by Karma Wilson
– Books by Dr. Seuss
Inferencing
Top 5
– Who Stole the Cookie from the Cookie Jar? By Margaret Wang
– Polar Bear’s Underwear by Tupera Tupera
– Down by the Cool of the Pool by Tony Mitton
– The Rain Came Down by David Shannon
– Gilbert the Goldfish Wants a Pet by Kelly DiPucchio
Predicting
Top 5
– Press Here and Mix It Up by HenreTullet
– King Bidgood’s in the Bathtub by Audrey Wood
– Seven Spunky Monkeys by Jackie French Koller
– 7 Silly Eaters by Mary Ann Hoberman
– Maybe a Bear Ate It by Harris & Emberley
Extending
Top 5
– The Little Red Hen Bakes a Pizza by Philemon Sturges
– Miss Nelson is Missing by Harry G. Allard Jr.
– Gregory the Terrible Eater by Mitchell Sharmat
– Naughty Little Monkeys by Jim Aylesworth
– Bad Kitty by Nick Bruel
CharactersAnswers the question:
Who?
SettingAnswers the question:
Where?
TimeAnswers the question:
When?
ConflictAnswers the question:
What happened?
ResolutionAnswers the question:
What solved the problem?
EmotionsAnswers the question:
How?
Retelling
Top 5
– Nick Sharratt’s “Change-the-Story” book series
– Interrupting Chicken by David Ezra Stein
– Goldilocks and the Three Bears & other classics
– The Little Old Lady Who Was Not Afraid of Anything by Linda Williams
– There’s an Alligator Under My Bed by Mercer Mayer
Compare & Contrast
Top 5:– 3 Little Bears/3 Little Fish/3 Bears Halloween
– There Was an Old Lady…
– Pinkalicious/Purplicious/Goldalicious
– 5 Little Monkeys Jumping/Bake a Cake/Swinging in the Tree
– Goodnight Moon / Goodnight Goon
Multiple Meanings/Idioms
Top 5:
– Amelia Bedelia by Herman and Peggy Parish
– Truman’s Aunt Farm by Jama Kim Rattigan
– Dear Deer by Gene Barretta
– There’s a Frog in My Throat! By Leedy & Street
– Idiom dictionaries
Story Starters
• What if…• If I were…• I wonder…• What could happen…• What do you think…• When I grow up…• When I was…• Tell me about it…
• One time…• You won’t believe…• This reminds me…• Bet you can’t guess…• Remember…• This is like…• What do you see…• High/low…
Embellishing
We use embellishment …
– to engage the listener
– to enhance memories
– to improve recall
– to celebrate a season
– to add new information
– to expand vocabulary
Stage Literacy Oracy Strategies
Planting the Seeds(0 to 12 months)
Growing(1’s & 2’s)
Cultivating(3’s & 4’s)
The Harvest(5’s & older)
The HARVEST5’s & beyond
School Age
Literacy
• Emergent Readers (5’s & 6’s)• Read along with adult• Text should contain rhythm and repeated lines
• Early Readers (6’s & 7’s)• Read & sound out simple words (decoding)• Understand what they read• Text should contain predictable language patterns
with longer sentences, simple dialogue, and complicated elements of plot/theme/setting
• Fluent Readers (8’s and older)
School AgeOracy
• Types of narratives: 1. Recount – tells about past experiences in which the child participate, observed, or read & usually prompted by adult2. Eventcast – explains a current or anticipated event3. Account – shares their unique experience & usually spontaneous4. Fictional Story – have a known structure including conflict
•Internal structure continues to grow in complexity
Jim Trelease’s DOs of Reading Aloud
• Vary the length and subject matter of your reading.
• If you need to stop mid-chapter, stop at a suspenseful place
• Allow your listeners a few minutes to settle down and adjust their minds to the story. You might start by starting a conversation about what everyone remembers has already happened in the story.
Jim Trelease’s DON’Ts of Reading Aloud
• Don’t be fooled by awards. Just because a book won an award doesn’t guarantee that it will make a good read-aloud.
• Don’t select a book that has been seen or heard on television. Once the plot is known, much of their interest is lost. On the other hand, choose one to read BEFORE it’s released as a movie or television show.
Improving on Storytelling with a School-Age Child
• Top 5:
– Newspapers
– Magazines
– Textbooks
– Menus
– Programs (sporting events, musicals/plays, etc.)
Stage Literacy Oracy Strategies
Planting the Seeds(0 to 12 months)
Growing(1’s & 2’s)
Cultivating(3’s & 4’s)
The Harvest(5’s & older)
TOP 5 ever!!
• The Little Old Lady Who Wasn’t Afraid of Anything by Linda Williams
• The Very Busy Spider by Eric Carle
• The Three Little Bears
• There’s an Alligator Under My Bed by Mercer Mayer
• Good Night Gorilla by Peggy Rathmann
Life is like a book. Each day is a new page. May your book be a bestseller with adventures to tell, lessons to learn and tales of good deeds to remember.
-Unknown
Bibliography
• Dehaene ,S. 2009, Reading in the Brain: The Science and Evolution of a Human Invention, Penguin, N.Y., N.Y.
• Eliot, L. 1999, What’s Going On In There? How the Brain and Mind Develop in the First Five Years of Life, Bantam Books, N.Y., N.Y.
• Foster, E. (2006). Retrieved March 30, 2012, from www.writing-world.com/children/stages.shtml
• McLaughlin, S. 1998, Introduction to Language Development, First Edition, Singular Press, San Diego, CA
• Owens Jr., R. E. 1996, Language Development: An Introduction, Fourth Edition, Allyn and Bacon, Needham Heights, MA
• Phillips, L. (2008). A Canadian Language and Literacy Research Network Handbook. Retrieved March 30, 2012, from http://www.theroadmap.ualberta.ca/home.
• Trelease, J. 2006, The Read-Aloud Handbook, Sixth Edition, Penguin Books, N.Y., N.Y.
Hearts for Hearing
(405) 548-4300
www.heartsforhearing.org
darcy.stowe@heartsforhearing.org
lindsay.hanna@heartsforhearing.org
jennifer.bryngelson@heartsforhearing.org
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