October 31st, 2005CSICS Presentation1 A 1-Tap 40-Gbps Decision Feedback Equalizer in a 0.18- m SiGe...

October 31st, 2005 CSICS Presentation 1

A 1-Tap 40-Gbps Decision Feedback Equalizer in a 0.18-m SiGe

BiCMOS Technology

Adesh Garg, Anthony Chan Carusone and Sorin P. Voinigescu

University of Toronto

October 31st, 2005 CSICS Presentation 2

Motivation

■ Electrical equalization has been found to be an effective way to mitigate PMD limited fibre optical channels

■ Linear equalizer can be paired with a decision feedback equalizer (DFE) to further extend the transmission range and/or increase the data rates

■ State of the art► FFE demonstrated at speeds over 40-Gbps in silicon► DFE demonstrated only recently at speeds up to 10-Gbps

in 0.13 m CMOS as well as a 0.18 m SiGe BiCMOSGoal: To design a 1-Tap DFE at 40-

Gbps

October 31st, 2005 CSICS Presentation 3

Architecture■ Direct Feedback – filter

processing in feedback path

► Disadvantages:● Multiple processing

stages in feedback path● Additional loading at

summing node

■ Look-ahead – parallel computation of filter

► Advantages:● Parallelism employed

to remove processing in feedback path

● Limits loading on summing node

October 31st, 2005 CSICS Presentation 4

Architecture

■ Implementation of the architecture requires considerable overhead within the clock distribution

■ Clock path requires the highest bandwidth

► Difficult design► Power intensive

■ The retimers are replaced with slicers at the inputs of the selector to ease requirements on the clock distribution

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Circuit Description

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Circuit Description: Broadband Front End

■ Shunt-Series Input Buffer (TIA)

► Shunt feedback allows for broadband frequency response while matching to 50

► Resistive degeneration (Series feedback) employed to further improve input linearity

► Allows low noise bias without significantly limiting bandwidth

October 31st, 2005 CSICS Presentation 7

Circuit Description: Broadband Front End

■ Threshold adjustment functionality► Transition is

“strengthened” with variable threshold

► Allows detection of missed bits

Input

Output

October 31st, 2005 CSICS Presentation 8

Circuit Description: Broadband Front End

■ Threshold Adjustment Buffer

► High Speed Buffer● linearity

► DC offset● linear tuning with

control voltage► Adjust threshold

up to 225mV

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Circuit Description: Decision Selective Feedback

ECL Master Slave Flip flop

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Circuit Description: Decision Selective Feedback

ECL Selector

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Circuit Description: Decision Selective Feedback

int( )( ) (1 )cs csb

pd lt l m

V C C C C C CRk R C Av C

I R g

Design of critical path using sum of OCTC

October 31st, 2005 CSICS Presentation 12

Circuit Description: Decision Selective Feedback

int( )( ) (1 ) csbcs

pl m

d lt

V C C Ck

C C CR

I R

RC Av C

g

Design of critical path using sum of OCTC

1. Minimize transistor time constants, by biasing at peak ft / fmax collector current density

October 31st, 2005 CSICS Presentation 13

Circuit Description: Decision Selective Feedback

int( )( ) (1 )cs c

t

sbpd l

l m

V C C C C CRk R C Av C

R

C

gI

Design of critical path using sum of OCTC

1. Minimize transistor time constants, by biasing at peak ft / fmax collector current density

2. Minimize the interconnect capacitance to tail current ratio through layout and by increasing collector current

October 31st, 2005 CSICS Presentation 14

Circuit Description: Decision Selective Feedback

int( )( ) (1 )cs csb

pdt

ll m

C C C C C CRk C Av C

I R

VR

g

Design of critical path using sum of OCTC1. Minimize transistor time constants, by

biasing at peak ft / fmax collector current density

2. Minimize the interconnect capacitance to tail current ratio through layout and by increasing collector current

3. Minimize voltage swing (or load resistor)

October 31st, 2005 CSICS Presentation 15

DIE Photo

1. Broadband front end

2. Slicers3. Decision

selective feedback

4. Output driver5. Clock Buffer

1

23

5

4

October 31st, 2005 CSICS Presentation 16

Measurements: BERT20-ft SMA cable

■ 20-ft SMA cable► dB of

attenuation at 5GHz

■ Measurement Goal:Highest frequency BERT test possible at the University of Toronto

20-ft SMA cable S21

October 31st, 2005 CSICS Presentation 17

Measurements: BERT10-Gbps 20-ft SMA cable

Input Eye – 20-ft SMA Cable Equalized Output Eye

Jitterpp = 10.22ps; SNR = 13.13

Rise time = 18.7ps; Vpp = 290mV

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Measurements: 40-Gbps LargeSignal Measurements

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Measurements: 40-Gbps LargeSignal Measurements

■ 9-ft SMA cable► dB of

attenuation at 20GHz

■ Measurement Goal:Prove error free functionality at 40-Gbps

9-ft SMA cable S21

October 31st, 2005 CSICS Presentation 20

Measurements: 40-Gbps LargeSignal Measurements

Input Eye – 9-ft SMA Cable Equalized Output Eye

Jitterpp = 5.11ps; SNR = 9.1

Rise time = 13.67ps; Vpp = 320mV

October 31st, 2005 CSICS Presentation 21

Measurements: 40-Gbps LargeSignal Measurements

■ Manually verified 508-bit sequence (4x27-1 PRBS) via the waveform capture feature of oscilloscope

■ Errors in middle waveform indicated by arrows

Reference

DFE output = 0

DFE output ≠ 0

October 31st, 2005 CSICS Presentation 22

Measurement SummaryTechnology Jazz

Semiconductor 0.18 m SiGe BiCMOS

Supply Voltage 3.3V

Data Rate 40-Gbps

Power Dissipation 760mW

Broadband front end 95mW

Slicers 160mW

Decision Selective Feedback

225mW

Output Driver 95mW

Clock Path 185mW

Return Loss < -10 dB up to 40 GHz

Output Peak-to-Peak Jitter 5.11ps @ 40 Gbps

Rise/Fall time 13.67/6 ps @ 40 Gbps

Output Swing 324mV @ 40 Gbps

Chip Size 1.5mm2

October 31st, 2005 CSICS Presentation 23

Conclusion

■ Design► 1-Tap look-ahead architecture► Broadband up to 40-Gbps► Broadband, linear, low noise input stage

■ Performance► Demonstrated equalization of a 20-ft SMA

cable at 10 Gbps● BER of less than 10-12

► At 40-Gbps, the DFE equalized a 9-ft SMA cable with error free operation

■ This is the first 40-Gbps DFE in silicon

October 31st, 2005 CSICS Presentation 24

Acknowledgements

■ NIT, OIT, CFI for test equipment■ NSERC, Gennum and Micronet for

financial support■ Jazz Semiconductor for technology

access■ CAD tools by the Canadian

MicroelectronicsCorportation (CMC)

October 31st, 2005 CSICS Presentation 25

Questions?

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Backup

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Fabrication

■ Break out circuit of the broadband front end

■ Linear measurements

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Measurements: S-Parameter

Return Loss on High Frequency Ports Broadband Front End S21

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Measurements: Broadband Characterization

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Measurements: Broadband Characterization

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Measurements: BERT

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Measurements: 40-Gbps LargeSignal Measurements