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NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network
Review and Assessment
Presented by Ryan Post and Angela Mills May 15, 2019
Nottawasaga Valley
Conservation Authority
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment ii
Table of Contents
1.0 – Introduction ...................................................................................................... 1
1.1 – Report Structure ............................................................................................. 2
2.0 – Geological Overview ........................................................................................... 2
2.1 – Hydrostratigraphy ........................................................................................... 3
2.2 – Groundwater Recharge Areas ........................................................................... 4
2.3 – Groundwater Discharge Areas .......................................................................... 5
3.0 – NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Initiatives .............................................................. 5
3.1 – PGMN Program ............................................................................................... 5
3.2 – Simcoe Groundwater Monitoring Program .......................................................... 8
4.0 – NVCA PGMN and SGMP Program Review ............................................................. 10
4.1 – Hydrograph Summary ................................................................................... 10
4.2 – Water Quality Summary................................................................................. 11
4.3 – Land Use ..................................................................................................... 11
4.4 – Capital Asset Evaluation ................................................................................. 13
4.5 – Network Density ........................................................................................... 14
4.6 – Groundwater Monitoring Data Management ...................................................... 15
5.0 – 2030: The Groundwater Monitoring Program Long-term Vision .............................. 16
6.0 – Next Steps and Recommendations ..................................................................... 18
7.0 – References ...................................................................................................... 20
Appendix A – PGMN Rationale .................................................................................... 22
Appendix B – Well Summaries ................................................................................... 27
Appendix C – Individual Well Characterization Information ............................................ 59
Appendix D – Summary of Annual Data Percent Complete, 2002-2017 ........................... 61
Appendix E – Water Quality Sampling History, 2003-2018 ............................................. 64
Appendix F – Landuse Evaluation of the PGMN and SGMP Wells ..................................... 67
Appendix G – Capital Asset Summary of the PGMN and SGMP Monitoring Programs .......... 69
Appendix H – Well and Equipment Distribution per PGMN Program Partner ...................... 71
Alternative Formats – If you require this document in an alternative format, please
contact NVCA at 705-424-1479 or admin@nvca.on.ca.
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 1 of 71
1.0 – Introduction The primary goal of aquifer management is to control the impacts of groundwater abstraction
(volume) and contaminant loads (quality) with groundwater monitoring providing aquifer
response and quality trends as key inputs to this goal. Further, ambient groundwater
monitoring is useful for establishing baseline characteristics for aquifer management and for
investigating long-term trends or impacts to groundwater.
Over the years, a large volume of groundwater data have been collected, along with
experience gained through these monitoring activities. Today the NVCA is facing an interesting
paradigm where advancing technologies (e.g., monitoring equipment, data processing power,
and new technology) are coupled with a limited monitoring budget and ever increasing
demands on groundwater resources. To effectively continue groundwater monitoring, the
monitoring needs to be improved, integrated, enhanced, and expanded to become more
effective. In particular, providing resource decision makers with up-to-date information on
the water quality and groundwater levels: two fundamental groundwater datasets. Ambient
groundwater monitoring will become more relevant if groundwater quality results are
regularly and timely reported to identified clients. Reporting, distribution, and dissemination
of timely and accurate groundwater information, in turn, would require data of high quality
and a database management system capable of handling geo-referenced data and with
adequate data analysis functions.
A groundwater monitoring network can provide an overview of the groundwater conditions,
establish a baseline, identify trends for water quality and quantity, in addition to evaluating
the long-term effectiveness of certain groundwater polices. The NVCA groundwater program
consists of 2 separate groundwater monitoring entities, established under separate
programs/projects and covering a large geographic area of approximately 3300 km2 with
jurisdiction in 18 municipalities. Focusing exclusively on drilled monitoring wells, the two
groundwater programs consist of the PGMN and the Simcoe Groundwater Monitoring Program
(SGMP). (It is noted that Severn Sound Environmental Association monitors Provincial
Groundwater Monitoring Network (PGMN) program wells that are located ouside the NVCA
watershed but within the NVCA jurisdictional boundary in Oro Medonte and Springwater
townships). The NVCA is at a nexus to collectively integrate both of these groundwater
monitoring programs operationally and strategically under a single platform via defined
objectives and purposes.
The current PGMN objectives are explicitly stated to principally monitor ambient groundwater
levels and chemistry in order to:
• Support groundwater management activities such as: source water protection, water
allocation (Permit to Take Water), drought response, planning decisions;
• Identify trends and correlations (e.g., related to changing climate), and support policy,
standard, and guideline development/assessment;
• Monitor precipitation at selected sites in order to better understand correlations between
precipitation, groundwater levels, and groundwater chemistry;
• Share information with local Health Units on potential water quality concerns (i.e.,
Provncial Water Quality Objectives Exceedances); and
• Share information with other water resource managers, public, consultants, academia,
etc.
The SGMP was established by subsurface data collection and well installations as part of the
Ontario Geological Survey (OGS) Central and South Simcoe 3D sediment mapping
investigations with additional monitoring wells compliments of Species at Risk work completed
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 2 of 71
in the Minesing Wetlands area. Historically, the SGMP does not have clearly defined
monitoring objectives and purposes.
An effective groundwater monitoring network will be one in which the sites are able to monitor
for the potential impacts of identified pressures and the evolution of groundwater quality
along the flow paths within the body. The principal objective of the NVCA groundwater
monitoring program (PGMN and SGMP) is for baseline characterization of groundwater levels
and quality in key hydrostratigraphic units to support investigations of long-term trends
and/or impacts to groundwater. Complimentary/secondary monitoring objectives include:
• Support groundwater management activities/corporate program areas and
decision/planning/policy making, e.g., source water protection, integrated watershed
planning, drought response, etc.
• Provide foundational data to support emerging corporate priorities and research/science
directions, e.g., climate change impacts - detection and adaptation, integrated monitoring,
in situ real-time monitoring capacity, emerging chemicals and pathogens, and predictive
capacity (modelling), calibration targets for numerical modelling, understanding the
groundwater flow system etc.
• Support or assist external groundwater management activities and initiatives (municipal
resource managers, other government agencies, public, consultants, academia, Health
Units, and other key stakeholders, etc.)
In support of these primary and secondary objectives, the purpose of this document is to
review the operational framework, historical performance, and network/program design of
the two NVCA groundwater programs (PGMN and SGMP) and outline a strategic, long term
direction of the NVCA groundwater monitoring program.
The key thoughts outlined in this document are based in part of the philosophy presented by
Cui & Wei (2000) and the European Comission (2007).
1.1 – Report Structure
This report is structured to provide an introductory overview of the geology and hydrogeology
of the NVCA watershed and the two groundwater monitoring programs (PGMN and SGMP).
The performance and evaluation of the networks are based on hydrograph completeness,
water quality history, network and equipment distribution and density, land use evaluation,
capital asset evaluation, and data management considerations. Following, long term strategic
vision is presented for consideration along with recommendations and next steps.
Building on NVCA (2013), the timing for this report is due to 1) the completion of the OGS
subsurface data collection in central Simcoe, resulting in the maturation of the SGMP, 2) a
15-year review of the NVCA PGMN program, and 3) alignment with other internal NVCA-led
monitoring initiativces in support of the Integrated Watershed Management Plan.
2.0 – Geological Overview The overall relief of the NVCA watershed is approximately 350 m, from a high of approximately
535 metres above sea level (masl) on the top of the Niagara Escarpment, to a low of
approximately 175 masl along the Georgian Bay shoreline. Prominent physiographic features
in the NVCA watershed include the Simcoe Uplands and Lowlands, the Niagara Escarpment,
and the Oak Ridges and Oro Moraines (Chapman and Putman, 1984).
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 3 of 71
Bedrock outcrop exposure is limited to the western part of the watershed, corresponding
largely to the Niagara Escarpment. East of the Niagara Escarpment, the Paleozoic bedrock
surface is characterized by a broad, but poorly defined, valley up to 40 km wide that appears
to extend from southern Georgian Bay southeastward to Lake Ontario (Mulligan, 2017). The
valley likely had its origins in a preglacial drainage system (Spencer, 1890) but has been
subsequently modified and enhanced during multiple Quaternary glaciations (Gao, 2011;
Sharpe et al., 2018). Overlying the bedrock valley, Quaternary sediments form successions
that locally exceed 200 m in thickness (Gao et al., 2006), attributed primarily to the Wisconsin
Episode (Mulligan and Bajc, 2018).
Surficial deposits within the NVCA jurisdiction broadly include till, glaciofluvial outwash
deposits, and glaciolacustrine deposits which were deposited either during the advance and
retreat of the Laurentide Ice Sheet that began to subside approximately 13,500 years ago in
the NVCA area (Mulligan et al., 2018). Units containing glacial till, gravels, sands, and clays
were deposited over bedrock during the Wisconsinan period (80,000 – 10,000 yr before
present; BP) and are common throughout the NVCA (Mulligan and Bajc, 2018). The Simcoe
Uplands are capped by the Newmarket Till , which has been streamlined and drumlinized in
some areas (e.g., Innisfil Heights uplands). A succession of shoreline features and associated
glaciolacustrine and lacustrine deposits record the presence and evolution of a series of lakes
across the NVCA regionduring later phases of deglaciation (<15, 700 yr BP); Chapman and
Putnam, 1984; Deane, 1950; Schaetzl et al., 2016). For additional information, the
glaciolacustrine history of the NVCA watershed is succinctly outlined by Mulligan et al. (2018).
2.1 – Hydrostratigraphy
Hydrostratigraphic units are “bodies of rock (or sediment) with considerable lateral extent
that that compose a geological framework for a reasonably distinct hydrologic system” Maxey
(1964). Hydrostratigraphy refers to the spatial correlation of geological units based on their
water-bearing properties (e.g., aquifers and aquitards). Due to the variety and spatial
heterogeneity of the unconsolidated geological deposits within the NVCA watershed, the
regional hydrostratigraphy is complex. The NVCA watershed has been previously
characterized by a series of four regional aquifers, largely based on the elevation ranges of
sand bodies in the subsurface and denoted as A1 (Oak Ridges Moraine equivalent), A2 (upper
Thorncliffe Formation equivalent), A3 (lower Thorncliffe Formation equivalent) and A4 (see
Table 1). Where present, each of the regional aquifers are separated by an aquitard unit or
confining bed which is a much less permeable geologic unit in comparison to an aquifer.
Broadly, the regional shallow groundwater flow paths correspond to the local surface drainage
and flow towards the Nottawasaga River and its tributaries, or to Georgian Bay. Cross-
sectional interpretations of the regional aquifers are demonstrated by the South Georgian Bay
Lake Simcoe Source Protection Committee (2015).
Extensive subsurface geological mapping completed by the OGS since 2010 has revealed that
the area is far too complex to model with conceptualizations based largely on the elevation
ranges of sand bodies in the subsurface. The high degree of topographic variability observed
in the regional stratigraphic units suggest that regionally significant stratigraphic package can
occur within broad elevation ranges, depending on the local geologic setting. As a result, the
OGS is presently completing a 3D block geological model with the revised geology and
hydrostratigraphy. Correlation between the regional aquifers A1-A3 used in South Georgian
Bay Lake Simcoe Source Protection Committee (2015) and the OGS geological cross-sections
are provided in Figure 1.
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 4 of 71
Table 1: Regional aquifers in the NVCA watershed (Source: South Georgian Bay Lake Simcoe
Source Protection Committee, 2015)
Regional Aquifer Description
A1 (Oak Ridges
Moraine and valley
fill equivalents)
Unconfined aquifer
Coarse-grained and interglacial sediments
Unit thickness from 10 m – 50 m
Considered as a recharge unit
A2 (upper
Thornclifffe
equivalent)
Predominantly confined aquifer; unconfined in Wasaga Beach,
Stayner, and Angus
Unit thickness from 25 m – 100 m
Commonly used for private water supplies and smaller municipal
water supply wells
A3 (lower
Thorncliffe
equivalent)
Unit thickness generally 35 m; 70 m thick north of the Oro Moraine
Medium to coarse-grained sediments
Water supply to Alliston, Angus, Barrie, Colgan, Horseshoe Valley,
Midhurst, Orillia, Stroud, Tottenham, and Wasaga Beach
A4 Unit thickness 3 m – 30 m
Medium sized coarse-grained sand and gravel
Not continuous across the watershed
Figure 1: Correlation of modelled layers in the Barrie – Oro Moraine study, south Simcoe
study, and preliminary modelled layers for upcoming modelling in central Simcoe County. Red
stars denote prominent aquifer zones that are locally consistent with original mapping of
aquifers A1-A3.
2.2 – Groundwater Recharge Areas
Groundwater recharge can be defined as the entry into the saturated zone of water made
available at the water-table surface, together with the associated flow away from the water
table within the saturated zone. The mean annual groundwater recharge for Simcoe County
ranges between 70 mm – 335 mm, with the highest recharge rates occurring in the lower
Pine River, Willow Creek, and Lower Nottawasaga River subwatersheds, and the lowest rates
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 5 of 71
occurring in the Upper Nottawasaga River subwatershed (South Georgian Bay Lake Simcoe
Source Protection Committee, 2015). Physiographically, recharge rates are higher in coarse
grain sediments (e.g., Oak Ridges and Oro Moraine deposits) than in finer grained depositions
(e.g., Newmarket Till-capped Simcoe Uplands and the Schomberg Clay Plain area). In
general, areas delineated as key groundwater recharge zones within the NVCA watershed
include the Oak Ridges Moraine, Oro Moraine, and Niagara Escarpment. Significant recharge
areas within the NVCA watershed are presented in the Nottawasaga Valley Source Protection
Area Approved Assessment Report (South Georgian Bay Lake Simcoe Source Protection
Committee, 2015).
2.3 – Groundwater Discharge Areas
Discharge areas are locations where groundwater transitions to the surface through springs
or seeps, often into wetland features or watercourses. The discharge areas within the NVCA
watershed correspond well to stream valleys and wetlands. Areas of significant groundwater
discharge occur at the base of the Niagara Escarpment, flanks of the Simcoe Uplands, within
the Minesing Wetlands, and the Osprey Wetlands. Further details regarding groundwater
discharge and flow are presented in Greenland (2001); a map of discharge areas for the
Nottawasaga Valley watershed, as well as coldwater and warmwater systems are presented
in the Nottawasaga Valley Source Protection Area Approved Assessment Report (South
Georgian Bay Lake Simcoe Source Protection Committee, 2015).
3.0 – NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Initiatives Focusing exclusively on drilled monitoring wells, the NVCA is an active partner in the MECP-
led PGMN and leads the SGMP. The PGMN program is the core foundational groundwater
monitoring program which is complimented by the recently established SGMP. The program
division stems from the funding mechanism and operational practices in which each program
independently functions. In general, the SGMP is characterized as having extremely high
quality geologically logged wells, however, lacks financial support, whereas the PGMN
program generally lacks the high quality wells of the SGMP but conversely has the financial
resource support.
3.1 – PGMN Program
Established in 2002 at the NVCA, the stated objective of the PGMN program is to provide
support data for:
Low water/drought response;
Scientific analyses (including the MECP’s Permit To Take Water program (PTTW),
groundwater/surface water interactions, water balance modelling) and improved land
use planning;
The development of water policy for water use, wellhead protection, reasonable use,
and aquifer classification; and
Complementary data to Land Information Ontario (LIO).
Based on the combination of groundwater susceptibility, geology, local aquifer conditions, and
local land use, 11 targeted areas for PGMN monitoring wells were delineated for the NVCA
watershed (Figure 2). See Appendix A for the rationale of the targeted areas and Appendix B
for individual well description and hydrographs. Presently, there are 19 PGMN wells at 10 sites
that are actively monitored by the NVCA. The wells consist of MECP- commissioned drill sites
(e.g., W323 Bradford well nest) or pre-existing wells that were incorporated into the network
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 6 of 71
(e.g., W244/W245 – Midhurst, and W505/W506/W507 – Redickville). Further, the majority
of the NVCA PGMN wells were incorporated at the program’s commencement in 2002-2003
(11 wells) with the most recent addition to the program occurring in 2014 (W508). It is noted
that the Hockley Valley, Shelburne, and Blue Mountain/Collingwood rationale areas presently
lack PGMN wells.
All NVCA’s PGMN wells are equipped with Solinst Leveloggers, predominantly the Levelogger
Edge model, recording hourly water level and water temperature. Wells W281-1, W245-2,
W323-4, and W507-1 are also equipped with Solinst Barologgers used to correct water level
readings (Table 2). Several wells are also equipped with FTS telemetry equipment (e.g., FTS
Axiom Datalogger and FTS GOES Hopper systems) which uses satellite technology for data
transfer to the password protected, MNRF WISKI system database. Manual groundwater level
readings (statics) are taken monthly during the snow free season with a Solinst Water Level
Meter and used to calibrate and correct water level readings. In addition, two sites (W323
nest and W505/W506/W507 nest)are equipped with Solinst Rainloggers to record the tips of
a standard tipping-bucket rain gauge and monitor precipitation every 15 minutes. One site
(W323 nest) is installed with Stevens Hydraprobe soil moisture monitoring.
The PGMN water quality sampling commenced in 2003 with consistent annual quality sampling
beginning in 2008 (reduced to 16 wells effective 2018). The collection of samples is completed
using the protocol developed by the Ministry of the Environment (2009). The water quality
parameters analyzed are presented in Table 3, consisting of volatile organics, phenolics,
pesticides, general chemistry, nutrients, and metals as the first sampling event. Subsequent
sampling events consist of general chemistry and metals (Group I and II). The water quality
sample results are compared to the Ontario Drinking Water Quality Standards, Objectives and
Guidelines (ODWQS) to determine exceedances. Parameters that exceed the ODWQS values
within an individual well are identified along with the exceedance values to the landowner and
municipality.
Table 2: History of the barologger deployment in NVCA wells
Well SN Barologger Installed Barologger Removed
W245-2 25290 17-Dec-12 21-Apr-15
7303 14-Apr-15
W281-1 29982 01-Apr-02 Apr 2015?
7292 30-Apr-15 05-Dec-17
12071980 05-Dec-17
W323-4 12000 02-Aug-14
W505-1 2027759 03-May-17 04-Jul-18
W507-1 2027759 04-Jul-18
SS-11-02-S 2024548 07-Aug-13
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 7 of 71
Figure 1: Base map of the NVCA PGMN Monitoring Wells and the MECP Rationale Monitoring Areas.
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 8 of 71
Table 3: PGMN sampling parameters. Group I – the basic parameters that have to be
monitored at all wells suitable for the long term water quality monitoring; Group II – the
additional parameters (metals); Group III – the additional parameters that are specific to
agricultural areas; Group IV – the additional parameters that are specific to special local
concerns/interests.
Group I Group II Group III Group IV
Field Parameters:
pH
Temperature
Conductivity
Lab Analyses:
Chloride
Fluoride
Sulphate
Carbonate
Bicarbonate
Alkalinity
Hardness
Nitrogen; nitrite
Nitrogen; nitrate + nitrite
Ammonia
Sodium
Potassium
Calcium
Magnesium
Iron
PH
Conductivity
Total Dissolved Solids
Metals:
Aluminum
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Boron
Cadmium
Chromium
Cobalt
Copper
Lead
Lithium
Manganese
Molybdenum
Nickel
Selenium
Strontium
Vanadium
Zinc
Group III:
Triazine
DealkylatedTriazines
Alachlor, 1ppb MDL
(with Triazines)
Atrazine
Metolachlor
Cyanazine
Metribuzin
Volatile Organics:
Benzene
Ethyl Benzene
Chlorobenzene
Toluene
Xylene
Trichloroethylene
Tetrachloroethylene
Vinyl Chloride
THM
3.2 – Simcoe Groundwater Monitoring Program
The OGS is undertaking two three-dimensional (3D) geologic modeling projects in the NVCA
watershed with the stated purpose of understanding the Quaternary deposits in south and
central Simcoe County. The projects will result in the development of interactive 3D models
of Quaternary geology that can 1) support studies involving groundwater extraction,
protection, and remediation; 2) assist in the development of policies; 3) understand the
interaction between surface water and groundwater; and 4) assist with the development of
source water protection plans (Bajc et al., 2011).
Resulting from the OGS Central and South Simcoe 3D geological projects, NVCA staff monitor
26 wells (Figure 3). In general, the South Simcoe monitoring sites typically consist of paired
wells: screened as an unconfined shallow well and a confined deep well. In contrast, the
Central Simcoe monitoring wells typically consist of a single well per site, screened at the
deepest water bearing unit. It is noted that well SS-12-02, located in Thornton, is now part
of the PGMN program (W508-1). See Appendix C for individual well characterization
information. Prior to well installation, the boreholes were continuously cored using mud rotary
drilling system equipped with a core barrel retrievable by wireline. Located to provide
maximum geological coverage and understanding within the regional 3D
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 9 of 71
Figure 2: Base map of the NVCA Simcoe Groundwater Monitoring Program.
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 10 of 71
3D block model study area, each core was photographed and logged (with centimetre
resolution) to determine changes in the physical properties of the sediment, including grain
size, sedimentary structures, colour, and clast characteristics (average and maximum size,
lithology, roundness); thus providing highly detailed and constrained geological knowledge
per borehole. Further, these golden spike wells with a 2.5” internal casing diameter were
geophysically logged in partnership with the Geological Survey of Canada (Crow et al., 2015;
2017).
In addition to the OGS-installed monitoring wells, the NVCA monitors two drilled wells that
are situated in the upgradient hydrologically-linked recharge area of the Minesing Wetlands
fen. These wells were installed as part of MNRF-funded Species at Risk work and are screened
at a comparable hydrostratigraphic layer as the base of postglacial lake shorelines down
gradient. This results in the total number of drilled wells in the SGMP to 28.
Similar to the PGMN program, the SGMP wells are equipped with Solinst Leveloggers; all
loggers record hourly groundwater level and temperature to ensure operational and
technological consistency across the two monitoring platforms. However, no SGMP wells are
equipped with telemetry equipment. Comparable and built into the PGMN field work, manual
groundwater level readings (statics) are taken monthly during the snow free season with a
Solinst Water Level Meter and used to calibrate and correct water level readings. The wells
are sampled for water quality opportunistically and subject to funding. When sampled, the
PGMN sampling protocol set forth by the MOE (2009) is followed.
4.0 – NVCA PGMN and SGMP Program Review
4.1 – Hydrograph Summary
Fundamentally, a monitoring well produces two critical data sets: water quality and a
hydrograph of the water level. A hydrograph has been calculated from the barocorrected and
QA/QC’d levelogger time series data for each well in both the PGMN and SGMP programs. The
percent completeness was determined per year using either the number of hourly recordings
(PGMN; 8760 readings per year) or daily averages (SGMP, 365 readings per year; Appendices
B and D). Note, this calculation is also applied to the full year in which the logger was initially
deployed, for instance, a December deployment would result in a 1/12 or 8% completion.
Similarly, the 2017 QA/QC’d dataset is completed until November, resulting in less than 100%
dataset.
The hydrograph summary of each well is evaluated against three metrics: 1) number of years
of corrected logger data, 2) number of years with over 80% completion per year, and 3)
cumulative percent complete. Collectively this determines which wells have the longest and
most complete data set. The rationale is that longer hydrograph record and more complete
datasets (both per annum and cumulatively) result in the hightest quality QA/QC’d datasets
for distributed use (e.g., modelling, special benefitting projects, etc.). The annual percent
complete is typically impacted due to logger failure. It is noted that staff complete monthly
field maintenance site inspections during snow free season (April – November). Further, the
loggers are typically downloaded every two months to minimize potential equipment failure
issues (April, June, August, October, and relaunched in November). Therefore, if a logger
issue arises during the snow-bound season, then the percent completeness will be impacted
since April will be the first time to re-evaluate the wells.
The PGMN dataset is the longest of the two programs with the majority of the wells consisting
of ~15 years of data whereas the SGMP South Simcoe (SS) wells have a length of record of
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 11 of 71
5 years and the Central Simcoe (CS) wells leveloggers have been just installed in late 2016
– 2017. Of the 19 PGMN wells, 9 have more than 80% of the years of active monitoring with
at least 80% completeness per annum and 11 wells have over 80% of cumulative
completeness for the duration of hydrograph duration, signifying high performing wells. The
robustness/ completeness of the PGMN dataset appears to increase 2009 onward. However,
wells with under 70% cumulative hydrograph period completeness consist of W224-1
(Tottenham) and W231-1 (Earl Rowe). It is noted that W292 (Borden) had 71% and W281
(Earl Rowe) 72% percent cumulative completeness, respectively. It is noted that the W224-
1 had an issued with the casing collapsing and a new screen had to be re-installed in 2008
and W292-1 (Borden) is identified as being silted up, resulting in questionable data.
Little inference can be gained from the SGMP wells given the limited time of installation with
the South Simcoe wells performing well with typically having 4 out of the 5 years with over
80% completeness. (The outlying year is due to the timing of the initiallogger deployment.)
4.2 – Water Quality Summary
The water quality sampling history in the two NVCA groundwater monitoring networks is
outlined in Appendix E, including the year in which it was sampled and the program
area/organization which covered the lab cost for the analysis. The SGMP lacks dedicated
financial resources to undertake consistent annual groundwater sampling; operating
opportunistically and partnering with various agencies and projects on an ad hoc basis to infill
sampling when available. This results in an inconsistent and limited record of water quality
results, minimizing the potential for trend identification, which is a key component for long-
term ambient groundwater monitoring wells. Whereas the PGMN program has an established
annual fall water quality sampling program in which the NVCA purges and samples the well
and the MECP conducts the analysis and provision of results to the NVCA.
Overall, the PGMN wells have been consistently sampled annually since 2009, with
inconsistent annual fall sampling apparent at the initial onset of the program (2003-2008).
Most wells have 11-13 years of a sample record over the 16 year duration in which a
levelogger was deployed. This is contrasted with the SGMP SS wells which range in record of
5-7 years but have 2-3 years of sampling completed on them. Wells W292-1 (Borden) and
W323-2 (Bradford) have not been sampled due to silting issues (W292-1) and very low
production rates (W323-2). W507-1 also has low production rates and is no longer sampled
(effective 2018). Further SS-11-04-S is considered dry and is not monitored for water level
nor sampled for water quality.
4.3 – Land Use
The land use was evaluated twofold:
1) Overlaying the existing MECP-developed PGMN rationale areas with the SGMP well
distribution to determine if any monitoring gaps exist for consideration of inclusion in
the PGMN program, and
2) A GIS evaluation was undertaken to allow for the understanding of potential usefulness
of the wells to other program areas both internally and externally.
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 12 of 71
Figure 3: Established groundwater monitoring wells with the PGMN Rationale Monitoring Area
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 13 of 71
The NVCA PGMN well locations were originally targeted based on the combination of
groundwater susceptibility, geology, local aquifer conditions, and local land use resulting in
11 targeted areas for PGMN monitoring wells delineated (See Appendix A for the rationale of
the targeted areas). Conversely, the OGS-developed SGMP wells focused on infilling
geological gaps within the study area. The Hockley Valley, Shelburne, and Blue
Mountain/Collingwood rationale areas presently lack PGMN wells (see Figure 4). Overlaying
the SGMP well distribution, the following wells were identified in the respective rationale
areas:
CS-17-06 (Nottawa): Blue Mountain/Collingwood
SS-11-04-D (Adj-Tos Works yard): the Hockley Valley
SS-11-03-S/D & SS-13-08, near Tottenham: Tottenham
SS-11-02-S/D: Bradford West Gwillimbury
SS-13-01: Alliston
CS-17-08: Angus-Midhurst
Consideration is recommended to the above wells for inclusion into the PGMN program,
especially where the present rationale area lacks a monitoring well and where the current well
exhibits performance issues (e.g., W224-1).
The GIS mapping exercise examined specific land use features to determine potential cross
program utility of the data and also supporting data for other program areas (e.g., source
water protection, natural heritage, etc.). Features are grouped into hydrological (e.g., within
a wellhead protection area- WHPA, presence/absence in a significant groundwater recharge
area- SGRA, highly vulnerable aquifer- HVA, and hydrologic soil class) and natural heritage-
based (e.g., presence absence in a woodland/ woodlot, wetlands, deer wintering yards, ANSI,
etc. (see Appendix F). Key findings suggest that the wells individually can serve a variety of
functions; however, no one well captures all the mapped features.
4.4 – Capital Asset Evaluation
Groundwater monitoring is infrastructure/equipment intensive. The network costs were
determined based on drilling/well installation and equipment expenses. The PGMN wells
correspond to a combination of previously existing wells that were incorporated into the
network and eight wells drilled specifically for the program. Whereas, the SGMP wells
corresponds to wells drilled by the OGS via PQ coring technique specific to the Central and
South Simcoe 3D Geological Projects. The two NVCA drilled Minesing wells were completed
as part of Species at Risk special beneftting projects via mud rotary technique. The cost for
well drilling and installation for the SGMP wells was determined based on costing per foot
provided by the OGS. The costs of the PGMN and the Mineisng wells was calculated based on
$150/metre cost. The total cost of the of the well drilling for all wells is approximately
$790,000 of which the OGS contributed $617,000, MECP $51,000, and the NVCA $13,500.
The estimate cost of the existing wells is $108,000 (see Table 4). The replacement cost for
all wells is roughly $470,000 (see Appendix G). The difference is due to the PQ coring
technique used for the initial drilling; however, the cheaper mud rotary technique used for
the well replacements.
The equipment costs comprise loggers, various cables (e.g., SDI-12, direct read cables - DRC,
etc.) and telemetry equipment (FTS Hopper and Axiom). One station (W232-2/W291-1
Wasaga Beach) was equipped with FTS LT1 telemetry in 2018 as part of a pilot project. This
telemetry and related equipment was not included in the Capital Asset Evaluation. All
equipment costs for the PGMN program are paid for by the MECP, whereas the NVCA provides
the leveloggers and barologgers for the SGMP wells.
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 14 of 71
The combined capital asset cost of the NVCA groundwater monitoring program is
approximately $900,000. The most significant contributor to the groundwater monitoring
program is the OGS through the drilling and installation of the monitoring wells. However,
MECP start up drilling and on going coverage of equipment costs allows and water quality
analysis for sustained performace of the PGMN program.
The decommissioning costs and logger replacement associated with the SGMP wells are
incorporated into the NVCA capital asset program. The costs associated with well replacement
are not included. Therefore, if a catastrophic adverse impact occurred to the well where
significant capital costs would be incurred to ensure adequate performance (e.g., silted up
and/or, impacts associated from a vehicular accident, etc.), the NVCA would decommission
the well instead of replacing it.
Table 4: Asset allocation and agency contribution to the groundwater monitoring program
Agency Drilling cost Equipment cost Total agency contribution
MECP $ 51,441.00 $ 91,890.60 $143,331.60
NVCA $ 13,257.00 $ 21,601.72 $ 34,858.72
OGS $650,835.91 $650,835.91
Existing wells
(estimated cost) $108,162.00 $108,162.00
Total $823,695.91 $113,492.32 $937,188.23
4.5 – Network Density
The fundamental issue/challenge is that the SGMP wells, though of superior geological quality
in comparison to the PGMN wells, are equipment/telemetry poor with minimal financial
support (e.g., resulting in limited water quality sampling and results).
The NVCA is actively monitoring 47 of the 51 drilled wells: 28 SGMP wells and 19 PGMN wells.
The NVCA monitors on the watershed basis, not the jurisdictional boundary, as related to
Springwater and Oro Medonte. This corresponds to about roughly 3,300 km2. Collectively, the
47 drilled wells cover approximately 66 km2 per well. However, the wells are geographically
confined predominantly to Simcoe County with limited PMGN wells (4 wells at 2 locations) in
Dufferin County and no wells in Grey County. Further, the wells are disproportionately
distributed hydrostratigraphically with limited wells screened in the unconfined setting, for
instance.
The NVCA PGMN well distribution was compared to the PGMN program partners and also to
the provincial PGMN average. There are approximately 455 PGMN wells province-wide. The
distribution of the PGMN wells per Conservation Authority is provided in Appendix H, providing
a fairly broad metric of PGMN wells per km2 of watershed. It is noted that the geologic units
present within a given area may be considered a more important metric for determining the
number of wells in a given area; however, this is not possible to evaluate. Regardless, the
average well per km2 of watershed is 343 km2 for all program partners. Specific to the NVCA,
each of the 19 PGMN wells ‘cover’ 174 km2 or half of the provincial average (but the 9 PGMN
nests/sites each ‘cover’ 330 km2). Further, the number of PGMN wells in Conservation
Authorities (CA) of comparable size to the NVCA range from 7 to 24 wells. The NVCA’s 19
PGMN wells are consistent with this distribution. It is noted that no municipal system
monitoring wells within the NVCA were considered for this exercise given their typical
proximity to the municipal wells, resulting in nullified hydrograph due to pumping influences.
Further, the MECP has installed six GOES Hoppers, two Axiom H1s, and one LT1 FTS telemetry
systems in the NVCA, servicing 15 of the 19 PGMN wells or 80% of the NVCA PGMN wells. Of
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 15 of 71
the 38 PGMN program partners, 11 lack any telemetry system. Where present, the telemetry
systems connect on average 43% of the PGMN wells, per partner.
In short, the combined number of groundwater monitoring wells in the NVCA watershed
suggests that it is one of the more intensely monitored watersheds within Ontario by a
Conservation Authority. Further, the number of PGMN wells is within the expectation of similar
sized program partners; however the analysis was not completed on a number of sites. The
NVCA ranks high among the distribution and network coverage provided by the FTS telemetry
systems.
4.6 – Groundwater Monitoring Data Management
Currently, the data management structure for the NVCA groundwater monitoring program is
multifaceted. The data generated from the PGMN program is presently stored in the password
protected MNRF WISKI platform. This integrated platform also contains snow survey, climate
(precipitation and temperature), streamflow, and other data sources. Data generated from
the SGMP are housed separately in the Oak Ridges Moraine Groundwater Program (ORMGP),
since they are not part of the PGMN platform. The ORMGP has developed a comprehensive
database that is the foundation for long-term effective groundwater management
(https://oakridgeswater.ca/). This integrated database incorporates geology (e.g., depth to
bedrock, thickness of gravel, clay, etc.), groundwater (e.g., water levels, pumping rates, and
chemistry), surface water (e.g., streamflow rates) and climate (e.g., precipitation) related
information across the watersheds that are situated within the Oak Ridges Moraine area,
including the NVCA. The database was built recognizing effective water management requires
access to data, spanning a range of agencies and disciplines. Sound database management
is the foundation for credible decision making and effective long-term water management.
The web interfacing ORMGP database is built on a SQEL back end data platform.
Presently, the raw and corrected files for each individual well is internally saved via MS Excel.
Further, there is no internal data management platform used for the data generated from the
NVCA-led groundwater monitoring initiatives. Ideally, the NVCA should be responsible for the
barometric compensation and data corrections for this data set, rather than having an external
agency responsible for it. However, all data storage and management is presently held
externally (e.g., MNRF WISKI and the ORMGP SQEL platform) with NVCA staff unable to
‘overwrite’ the data. However, staff actively communicate with MECP and the ORMGP to
ensure the data is managed effectively and robustly and is up to date and corrected for any
outliers or whimsical data. The intent is to have staff download data from these two platforms
and import to MS Excel to complete analysis and other calculations.
The current NVCA groundwater data management regime has identified challenges, including:
The two external platforms limit comprehensive groundwater data integration.
The two programs perform barometric compensation and data corrections using
different methods.
The external nature of the password protected sites limits internal integration of
groundwater data with other data sets for other project considerations or hydrologic
modeling.
The NVCA lacks a suitable internal platform to systematically import QA/QC’d
groundwater data from the two data external platforms.
Many of the stations do not have telemetry to provide real-time data, and performing
barometric compensation and calibration to manual static water levels can be time-
intensive.
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 16 of 71
A 3-5 year horizon for groundwater data management is envisioned on two levels: the public
accessible data outputs and the individual program data management. The public accessible
data management is envisioned to be limited to hydrographs of QA/QC’d water levels per well
and a summary of water quality, per parameter where suitable datasets exist. This data would
be able to be downloaded into MS Excel for analysis by the general public. Ideally, this data
would also be tied to a 2D or 3D geological/hydrostratigraphical fence diagram/map which
will be generated from the Ontario Geological Survey 3D geological block models.
To satisfy the envisioned program objectives, a data management platform is required to
seamlessly integrate with other hydrological and biological data (internal) sources but also
with hopefully other existing and or future (internal but more likely external) groundwater
monitoring programs. An example of an external groundwater monitoring program would be
a municipal Permit to Take Water monitoring activity or monitoring related to an aggregate
extraction facility. Similar to the publicly accessible data management, the principal objective
would be to tie the screen elevation to the hydrograph and water chemistry in order to develop
an enhanced regional understanding of various hydrostratigraphic layers within the NVCA
watershed.
Therefore, it is envisioned that a one-data management platform approach be utilized for the
groundwater monitoring data with scraping abilities. The provincial PGMN data is and will
continue to be housed in the MNRF WISKI system. The ORMP data management platform
actively manages both groundwater data and other climate/hydrologic data allowing itself
that integrated platform. In the absence of a comparable platform in the NVCA, it is envisioned
that all NVCA groundwater data (both PGMN and SGMP) be continued to store in the ORMGP
platform and enhance capacity to actively manage data- both groundwater and other
hydrologic datasets in addition to other external groundwater monitoring program data.
Complimentary and longer-termed, it is recommended and encouraged for the NVCA to
develop a user friendly and functional internal data management system that can actively pull
in both the MNRF WISKI data and provide the ORMP the QA/QC’d groundwater data.
5.0 – 2030: The Groundwater Monitoring Program Long-term Vision Internally recognized as a program growth area, a medium-termed planning horizon is used
to envision the status and evolution of the groundwater monitoring at the NVCA to 2030
through the examination of key program areas including policy framework, network design,
staffing, and equipment. Strategically, any enhancements of the NVCA groundwater
monitoring network need to be carried out without great demands on resources; however,
recognizing the anticipated incremental growth and associated financial requirements/
demands. The following guiding principles are envisioned for program evolution:
1. Allow for operational adaptive monitoring to dynamically capture emerging opportunities
while maintaining the core foundational regional monitoring characteristics.
2. Integrate the various groundwater monitoring programs to maximize available resources.
3. Institute regular and appropriate reporting of results to improve decision making on
groundwater protection and resource management.
4. Involve partners in sponsoring, planning, and participating in NVCA groundwater
monitoring and in sharing resources and data.
Policy Framework: Groundwater monitoring provides complimentary or supporting
information/data for informed policy decision making through various vehicles such as (sub)
watershed planning exercises and Official Plan policies at the local level; Provincial Policy
Statement, Growing the Greenbelt, and the Greater Golden Horseshoe Growth Plan at the
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 17 of 71
provincial level. Also, groundwater monitoring data supports core NVCA program information
requirements (e.g., source water protection, integrated watershed planning, low water
response, etc.). Although the policy vision in 2030 is unknown, it is envisioned that the
maintenance, restoration, and improvement of the groundwater regime will be importantly
critical in the foreseeable future with the underpinnings of a changing climate, projected
population and development growth requiring water resources, and new and emerging
development practices (e.g., low impact development and resulting impacts to groundwater
quality and quantity). Therefore, the policy framework surrounding aquifer and groundwater
management and the associated importance of groundwater monitoring (and associated data
management and reporting) will increase into the foreseeable future and thus requiring a
foundationally strong yet dynamic and comprehensive groundwater monitoring network.
Network Design: The NVCA groundwater monitoring has three growth options: 1) maintain
the current network design status (no addition nor reduction in wells), 2) reduce the network
to solely focus on the MOU-driven PGMN program which is considered the absolute bare
minimum, agreement-focused groundwater monitoring, or 3) seek opportunities to
strategically infill the network. As indicated above, the medium to long-term policy framework
horizon is envisioned to result in additional requirements for groundwater monitoring. In
support of the anticipated future policy directions combined with the program objectives, the
NVCA is in a strategic position to monitor regional, ambient groundwater conditions and fulfill
the growth option #3 to benefit key partners.
The current network programs consist of 47 drilled wells; however, both hydrostratigraphic
and geographical gaps exist in the network. Given the limited resources, including
infrastructure, capital, and human; maximization of the combined NVCA groundwater
monitoring network is envisioned to be completed through strategic partnering with outside
agencies, programs, etc. in key recognized geographies and where mutual synergies exist.
This will ensure multiple program benefits on long-term and short-term bases, e.g., from a
NVCA perspective CA watershed report cards, climate change, emerging science, etc.
Examples of potential synergies include landfill upgradient wells, municipal sentinel wells,
background development related wells (e.g., pits and quarries).
To compliment this, the NVCA could position itself as a regional groundwater monitoring
resource to the upper and lower municipalities in the NVCA, completing the corresponding
data management, and associated reporting and communications. If this opportunity was to
be explored, a corresponding funding model will need to be developed with the participating
partners to ensure adequate staffing and resources.
Staffing: Present staffing needs are related to field work, data management and analysis,
communications, and reporting. Field work comprise of 2 critical components: 1) maintenance
and manual statics plus 2) fall annual water quality sampling. The manual statics and
maintenance are critical and crucial for the completion and evaluation of hydrographs. As a
result, the long term continuation of monthly statics and maintenance site checks during the
snow free season will continue. Effort related to the field fall water quality sampling is
anticipated to remain for the PGMN program. Additional effort will be required for water quality
sampling of the SGMP wells with the projected securement of funding.
Data serves as the foundational layer for science-based decision making. Critical to the
decision making framework is the proper and successful data management platform. It is
envisioned that the CAMC-YPDT ORMGP management platform will be used as the principal
groundwater (and possibly water resource) data management tool for the next 10 years at
the NVCA with the opportunity to pull data into internally managed platforms. Staff will be
required to successfully manage this QA/QC’d data to allow for seamless and streamline data
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 18 of 71
access (potentially open sourced) for reporting and communication purposes. If synergistic
growth is corporately promoted, the NVCA would be well positioned to act as a local
groundwater data management hub and reporting entity while supporting various partners.
Equipment: The NVCA groundwater monitoring program is missioned via ‘outperforming the
best’. Maintenance of the high performance program delivery includes ongoing enhancement
to the monitoring well physical infrastructure and technologies used. Understanding that the
focus on this is principally aligned to the PGMN program, the long term aggressive positive
positioning with project partners, mainly MECP, however, also MNRF and OMAFRA, is
encouraged to maximize use of new technologies. Through an open source collaboration
philosophy, project partners with academia, private institutions, etc. are to be sought out,
building on synergistic knowledge and technology transfer.
6.0 – Next Steps and Recommendations The NVCA is an active partner in two groundwater monitoring initiatives: the MECP-led PGMN
and leads the SGMP. The PGMN program is the core foundational groundwater monitoring
program which is complimented by the recently created and established SGMP. The two
program divisions are due to the funding mechanisms and operational practices in which each
program independently functions. Building on the PGMN and SGMP program review in
combination with the long term vision, the following short-term and long-term goals are
identified:
Short-term goals (1-2 years):
Enhance knowledge of the CAMC-YPDT ORMGP groundwater/water resources data
management systems.
Opportunity identification of synergistic data and field based monitoring activities
within the public-private realm.
Seek opportunities for long-term sustainable funding for groundwater sampling of the
SGMP wells.
Review the PMGN rationale areas with respect to SGMP well locations and consider
replacing wells W224-1 (Tottenham) and W292-1 (Borden) from the PGMN program
with comparable and proximal SGMP wells.
Develop templates for annual reporting and other communication/reporting vehicles/
tools.
Encourage MECP to consider revising the PGMN rationale areas.
On-going/longer-term goals (5+ years):
Strengthen partnerships (municipal, provincial, federal, and academic) to ensure
capture and delivery of knowledge and technology transfer, special benefitting
projects.
Strategic alignment and positioning for long-term monitoring of development related
groundwater monitoring where no conflict of interest exist.
Integration of additional groundwater monitoring data into the CAMC-YPDT ORMGP
platform to ensure additional data coverage in support of policy decision making.
Develop a long term sustainable funding model for groundwater monitoring and revisit
this model every 5 years.
Ensure satisfactory data management practices to allow for data use in modelling
exercises.
The following recommendations per program evaluation component is provided in support of
and/or builds on the short term goals:
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 19 of 71
Hydrograph summary:
1. Consider replacing PGMN wells with under 70% cumulative hydrograph period
completeness consisting of W224-1 (Tottenham) and W292-1 Borden due to
performance issues combined with percent completeness limiting their usefulness.
2. Consider completing a winter static run to bridge the inactive 6 months.
Water quality summary:
1. Establish a long term (5-10 year horizon) funding structure to undertake consistent
annual fall groundwater monitoring for the SGMP well. This can be completed via the
partnership models with the municipalities/county via MOUs to cover the cost of long
term water quality monitoring of simcoe monitoring wells. Further, consideration in
seeing if the MECP lab is available to analysis the samples from the SGMP.
Network Density:
1. Seek support from the MECP for the inclusion of the SGMP wells that are situated in
the existing MECP PGMN rationale areas especially where the rationale area lacks a
monitoring well and where the current well exhibits performance issues (e.g., W224-
1) into the PGMN network:
CS-17-06 (Nottawa): Blue Mountain/Collingwood
SS-11-04-D (Adj-Tos Works yard): the Hockley Valley
SS-11-03-S/D & SS-13-08, near Tottenham: Tottenham
SS-11-02-S/D: Bradford West Gwillimbury
SS-13-01: Alliston
CS-17-08: Angus-Midhurst
Land Use:
1. Working with the MECP, revisit the delineation of the NVCA PGMN rationale areas to
incorporate mapping items including but not limited to HVA, SGRA, WHPAs, Natural
Heritage features (wetlands and ANSIs), distance to municipal wells and other surface
water and precipitation monitoring sites along with the OGS model results and
groundwater flow paths to ensure adequate and strategically correct coverage of the
monitoring wells.
Data Management:
1. Explore the consideration of the MNRF WISKI system to incorporate the SGMP wells
for the one window approach.
2. Enhancement of the NVCA SiteFX data management platform for groundwater data.
3. Work with the Health Unit and the local municipalities to determine how the
information generated out of the water quality vein of various NVCA GW monitoring
networks can help their work and identify associated potential partnerships
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 20 of 71
7.0 – References Bajc, A. F., Burt, A., & Rainsford, D. 2011. Approaching a Decade of Three-Dimensional
Mapping of Quaternary Sediments in Southern Ontario; A Progress Report from the
Ontario Geological Survey. Retrieved from
http://wmsmir.cits.rncan.gc.ca/index.html/pub/geott/ess_pubs/289/289609/of_6998
Chapman, L.J., and Putnam, D.F. 1984. The physiography of southern Ontario, Vol. 2.
Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Toronto, ON.
Crow, H.L., Brewer, K.D., Bajc, A.F., Pugin, A.J.-M., Mulligan, R.P.M., and Russell, H.A.J.,
2015. Downhole geophysical data from two boreholes in south Simcoe County,
Ontario; Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 7883, 1 .zip file.
Crow, H.L., Olson, L.C., Mulligan, R.P.M., Cartwright, T.J., and Pugin, A.J.-M., 2017.
Downhole geophysical logs in Quaternary sediments of central Simcoe County,
southern Ontario; Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 8251, 1 .zip file.
Cui, Y., & Wei, M., (2000) Ambient groundwater quality monitoring and assessment in BC:
Current status and future directions. Retrieved from
https://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hfd/library/documents/bib94644.pdf
Deane, R.E. 1950. Pleistocene geology of the Lake Simcoe District, Ontario. Geological
Survey of Canada, Memoir 256.
European Comission (2007) Common implementation strategy for the water framework
directive (2000/60/EC). Guidance Document No. 15; Guidance on Groundwater
Monitoring. Retrieved from https://circabc.europa.eu/sd/a/e409710d-f1c1-4672-
9480-e2b9e93f30ad/Groundwater%20Monitoring%20Guidance%20Nov-
2006_FINAL-2.pdf
Gao, C. 2011. Buried bedrock valleys and glacial and subglacial meltwater erosion in
southern Ontario, Canada; Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v.48, p.801-818.
Gao, C., Shirota, J., Kelly, R.I., Brunton, F.R., van Haaften, S., 2006. Bedrock Topography
and Overburden Thickness Mapping, Southern Ontario. Ontario Geological Survey
miscellaneous release – Data 207.
Greenland Consulting Engineers. 2001. AEMOT Groundwater Management Study.
Maxey, G.B. 1964. Hydrostratigraphic Units. Journal of Hydrology, v (2), pp. 124-129.
Ministry of Environment. 2009. Provincial Groundwater Monitoring Network Sampling
Protocol: A Guide to the Collection And Submission of Groundwater Samples for
Analysis.
Mulligan, R.P.M. 2017. An Update on Subsurface Data Collection for Three-Dimensional
Sediment Mapping in the Central Part of the County of Simcoe, Southern Ontario in
Summary of Field Work and Other Activities 2017, Ontario Geological Survey, Open
File Report 6333, p.25-1 to 25-10.
Mulligan, R.P.M, Eyles, C.H., and Bajc, A.F., 2018. Stratigraphic analysis of Late Wisconsin
and Holocene glaciolacustrine deposits exposed along the Nottawasaga River,
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 21 of 71
southern Ontario, Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2018, 55(7): 863-
885, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2017-0081
Mulligan, R.P.M. and Bajc, A.F. 2018. The pre-Late Wisconsin stratigraphy of southern
Simcoe County, Ontario: Implications for ice sheet build-up, decay, and Great Lakes
drainage evolution. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2018, 55(7): 709-729,
https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2016-0160
NVCA. 2013. NVCA Provincial Groundwater Monitoring Network Groundwater Quality
Overview 2002 – 2013.
Schaetzl RJ, Krist FJ Jr, Lewis CFM, Luehmann MD, Michalek MJ. 2016. Spits formed in
Glacial Lake Algonquin indicate strong easterly winds over the Laurentian Great
Lakes during the late Pleistocene. Journal of Paleolimnology 55(1): 49-65
Sharpe, D.R., Pugin, A.J.-M., Russell, H.A.J., 2018. Geological framework of the Laurentian
trough aquifer system, southern Ontario. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 55,
677e708.
South Georgian Bay-Lake Simcoe Source Protection Committee. 2015. Approved
Assessment Report: Nottawasaga Valley Source Protection Area.
Spencer, J.W., 1890. Origin of the basins of the Great lakes of America. Quarterly Journal of
the Geological Society. 46 (1e4), 523-533.
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 22 of 71
Appendix A – PGMN Rationale
Location (Description)
Notes (Formation/ depth)
Rationale Existing PGMN wells
The Blue
Mountains/
Collingwood area
B: Simcoe Grp. (Lindsay Fm or
Verulam Fm) Or Whitby Formation
This area is experiencing increased
development around Collingwood including the Blue Mountain area and therefore increased groundwater consumption.
Typical bedrock wells in this area yield 2 to 10 gallons per minute and supplies are generally
adequate.
The bedrock wells in this area obtain
groundwater within 50 ft (~15 m) of the ground surface. There are natural water
quality issues in the area and some of the wells have salty or sulphurous water quality. Most salt and sulphurous wells are drilled close to or into the shales of the Queenston, Georgian Bay, Whitby, or Verulam Formations.
Buckingham Woods, Colling-woodlands, McKean subdivision municipal systems
Wasaga Beach
O = Lacustrine deposits - sand, gravelly sand and gravel
The area is subject to ongoing extensive development and increased groundwater use.
There is concern that there will be long-term
changes due to development and changes in water demand in the area and associated
changes to water quality.
The geology of the area consists of a thick overburden suite of tills, sands and gravels, and clays/silt. Further, Wasaga Beach is
postulated to be situated on the thawleg of the Laurentian Channel.
The deeper (confined) aquifer (A3 equivalent) which provides groundwater to residents of
the Town of Wasaga Beach is approximately 100 to 150 ft (30.5 to 46 m) deep.
W232-1, W291-1
Town of Shelburne
B = Amabel Formation (up to 30 ft (9 m)into bedrock)
The bedrock aquifer above the escarpment is subject to a number of issues including: aggregate extraction, karst impacts, water
takings, etc.
The Amabel Formation is a recognized significant regional groundwater aquifer.
A large rural population is dependent on groundwater resources.
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 23 of 71
Location (Description)
Notes
(Formation/ depth)
Rationale
Existing
PGMN wells
Near Midhurst through northern part of the
township to Bass Lake
O=Glaciofluvial ice contact deposits (sand
and gravel)
The Oro Moraine is described as a broad belt of sand hills which form the highest land in the vicinity and is a noted significant recharge
area.
The issues impacting the groundwater include water takings by bottling plants, ski resorts, and increased domestic supplies from
development.
Groundwater level changes in this significant recharge feature are of interest.
Jos Becker has modelled area and identified recharge areas (PhD thesis, 1998). The rationale area is located within the Barrie-Innisfil Tier 3 water budget model study area.
The Ontario Geological Survey has completed the Barrie-Oro Moraine regional groundwater study with the Datamine groundwater model.
The NVCA only monitors the component of
the Oro Moraine that is situated within the NVCA watershed.
Midhurst area
O: Glaciolaustrine-stranded beach sands and gravels
Midhurst is subject to extensive future development and associated increased
groundwater use (and waste water discharge)
resulting in potential long term quality and quantity changes.
The overburden geology of the area consists
of a thick overburden suite of sands and gravels, and clays/silt and is situated in the Simcoe Upland-lowland physiography regions.
The local hydrostratigraphy consists of a series of aquifers and aquitards. The local
municipal supply (Midhurst) is from aquifer A3.
The rationale area is located within the Barrie-Innisfil Tier 3 water budget model
study area.
Local groundwater discharge from Aquifer A1-A2 is an important source of discharge to Willow and Matheson Creeks (cold water
stream with quality Brown Trout fishery) and the PSW Minesing Wetlands.
Land uses in this area consist of rural residential, agricultural, golf courses, and aggregate extraction.
W245-2, W244-2
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 24 of 71
Location (Description)
Notes
(Formation/ depth)
Rationale
Existing
PGMN wells
Barrie-Angus aquifer system
O =
Glaciolacustrine deposits - sand.
The rationale area is subject to ongoing development (and increasing impervious cover; e.g., Angus, Barrie, Centre Vespra).
There is concern that there will be long term changes due to development and changes in water demand and associated changes to water quality.
The rationale area is situated in the Barrie-Angus tunnel channel deposits in addition to close to the Laurentian Channel Thawleg.
The overburden geology of the area consists of a thick overburden suite of sands and gravels, and clays/silt with Lake Algonquin deposits present on surface.
The local hydrostratigraphy consists of a series of aquifers and aquitards. The local municipal supply is from aquifer A3-A4.
The RAMSAR designated PSW Minesing
Wetland is partially located within this rational area.
The area is under intensive agricultural activities and high nitrates are found in shallow groundwater aquifers (A1 equivalent).
A large rural population is dependent on groundwater resources.
W230-1, W292-1, W223-1, W479-1
Town of Alliston
O =
Glaciolacustrine
deposits - sand
There is high development potential around Alliston and this area is under intensive agricultural activities with potatoes and sod farming.
Shallow groundwater aquifer is sensitive to agricultural contamination.
The Alliston Aquifer which is a part of the Alliston Aquifer complex is an important
regional confined aquifer.
The geology of the area consists of a thick overburden suite of tills, sands and gravels, and clays/silt with Lake Algoquin sand
deposits recognized on the lowlands.
The rational area is postulated to be situated on the thawleg of the Laurentian Channel- a very important structural control on the deep groundwater systems.
W231-1, W281-1
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 25 of 71
Location (Description)
Notes
(Formation/ depth)
Rationale
Existing
PGMN wells
North and
northeast of Cookstown, Innisfil region
O = Newmarket Till: sandy silt to silt matrix Drumlinized Till
Plain
Land uses in this area consist of intensive agriculture (with irrigation).
The rationale area is in a growth area with future development and associated increased groundwater use (and waste water discharge) resulting in potential long term quality and quantity changes.
The overburden geology of the area consists of a thick overburden suite of sands, gravels, and clays/silt and is situated in the Simcoe Upland-lowland physiography regions.
The local hydrostratigraphy consists of a series of aquifers and aquitards. The local municipal supply (Cookstown) is from aquifer A3.
W480-1
West of Tottenham
O = Glaciolacustrine ice contact deposits (sand and gravel): Oak
Ridges Moraine
The area is subject to ongoing development (and increasing impervious cover) and increasing groundwater use.
There is concern that there will be long-term changes due to development and changes in water demand in the area and associated changes to water quality. It is noted that the pipe from Alliston will be extended to Tottenham in 2020.
Existing PGMN well (W224-1) located within the Tottenham WHPA-C (10 year time of travel).
West of Tottenham, this aquifer is identified as the Oak Ridges Moraine and a potential aquifer target (Sharpe et al., 1997).
The overburden geology of the area consists
of a thick overburden suite of tills, sands and gravels, and clays/silt with Oak Ridges Moraine materials located the south.
The local hydrostratigraphy consists of a
series of aquifers and aquitards. The local municipal supply is from aquifer A3.
Headwaters for the Bailey, Keenansville, and Beeton creeks along with associated cold
water fisheries is located in this area.
W224-1
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 26 of 71
Location (Description)
Notes
(Formation/ depth)
Rationale
Existing
PGMN wells
Bradford West Gwillimbury
O = Newmarket Till: sandy silt to silt matrix
This rationale area will be subject to ongoing extensive development and increased groundwater use as per the Places to Grow
Act and the Simcoe Growth Plan.
There is concern that there will be long term changes due to development and changes in water demand in the area and associated
changes to water quality.
This area is surfically dominated by Peterborough drumlin field- Simoce Upland equivalent and Schomberg Clay Plain.
Local groundwater sources are obtained from overburden.
Land uses in this area consist of agricultural
activities, rural residential, golf courses, and aggregate extraction.
The existing pgmn wells are located near an active landfill-transfer site and adjacent to the
400 highway.
W323-2, W323-3, W323-4
Hockley Valley O = Bedrock Valley Aquifer (gravel)
Hockley Valley is a significant incised bedrock valley overburden aquifer.
The upper Hockley Valley is located within the
Orangeville Tier 3 water budget model study area.
Water courses within the Hockley Valley as dominated by cold water stream with significant groundwater contributions received upgradient from Island Lake.
A number of aggregate extraction sites (pits) are located throughout the Hockley Valley.
The valley is overlain by glaciofluvial ice contact deposits and glaciofluvial outwash deposits (Sibul and Choo-Ying, 1971).
The predominant aquifer material is gravel but wells often encounter water-bearing sands before they hit the gravel in the valley.
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 27 of 71
Appendix B – Well Summaries Well W224-1: Well W224-1 is located in the Town of Tottenham at the intersection of Mill
Street and Industrial Road (Figure B-1). Estimated that the well was originally constructed in
1914, this well was integrated into the PGMN program in 2002. A bentonite plug was identified
in the well in early 2007 and IWS installed a new, smaller diameter monitoring well internal
to the steel casing at the same screen elevation of 71.5 to 80.5 metres below top of casing
(mbtoc) with the ground elevation of 249.7 masl. It is completed in the same
hydrostratigraphic unit as the local municipal water supply well. The average water level
elevation is 241 masl, and water level fluctuations of 242.3 to 233 masl. This well is located
in an urban area, is subject to ongoing development, and a FTS GOES Hopper unit was
installed in early 2016.
Figure B-1: Orthophotograph of W224-1 location and historical hydrograph.
232
234
236
238
240
242
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017Wat
er
Leve
l Ele
vati
on
(m
asl)
Year
W224-1 Monthly Groundwater Level
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 28 of 71
Well W230-1 and W292-1: Wells W230-1 and W292-1 are located in CFB Borden (Figure
B-2). Both wells were integrated into the network in 2003. Well W230-1 is 79.9 m deep with
an average water level of 193.7 masl. Well W292-1 is 7.6 m deep, with an average water
level of 198.2 masl, and has identified silting up issues. The wells are approximately 4 m
apart at a ground elevation of 200 masl. The highest monthly average water level was 195
masl at W230-1 and 199 masl at W292-1. In comparison, the lowest monthly average water
level was 192 masl at W230-1 and 197 masl at W292-1.
Figure B-2: Orthophotograph of W230-1 (inset right, black) and W292-1 (inset left, with
telemetry cabinet) location and hydrograph (W292-1 on secondary axis).
196
197
198
199
200
191
192
193
194
195
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Wat
er L
evel
Ele
vati
on
(m
asl)
Wat
er
Leve
l Ele
vati
on
(m
asl)
Year
W230-1 and W292-1 Monthly Groundwater Level
W230-1 W292-1
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 29 of 71
Well W231-1 and W281-1: Wells W231-1 and W281-1 are located in Earl Rowe Provincial
Park, behind camp site 614, and were integrated into the program in 2003 (Figure B-3). Well
W231-1 is 46.63 m deep and well W281-1 is 7.62 m deep. Both wells are completed in
separate sand-gravel overburden aquifers at a ground elevation of approximately 225.5 masl
and are approximately 8 m apart. This area is located proximal to intensive agricultural
activities such as potato and sod farming.
Figure B-3: Orthophotograph of W231-1 (inset right) and W281-1 (inset left) location and
historical hydrograph.
221
222
223
224
225
226
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017Wat
er
Leve
l Ele
vati
on
(m
asl)
Year
W231-1 and W281-1 Monthly Groundwater Level
W281-1 W231-1
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 30 of 71
Well W232-2 and W291-1: Wells W232-2 and W291-1 are located on Klondike Park Road
in Wasaga Beach on provincial park land (Figure B-4). The wells are approximately 4 m apart.
Well W232-2 is 83.21 m deep and W291-1 is 9.14 m deep. The average water level elevation
is W232-2 is 182 masl and 185 masl in W291-1. Proximal land use is considered rural to forest
covered.
Figure B-4: Orthophotograph of W232-2 (inset left with telemetry cabinet) and W291-1 (inset
right) location and historical hydrograph (W291-1 on secondary axis).
183
184
185
186
179
180
181
182
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Wat
er L
evel
Ele
vati
on
(m
asl)
Wat
er
Leve
l Ele
vati
on
(m
asl)
Year
W232-2 and W291-1 Monthly Groundwater Level
W232-2 W291-1
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 31 of 71
Wells W244-2 and W245-2: Wells W244-2 and W245-2 are located in Midhurst, on County
Forest property (Figure B-5). Situated on the north side of Snow Valley Road, west of Bayfield
Street, these two wells are adjacent to a municipal salt dome associated with a public works
facility. The proximal land uses consist of forest, industrial, and aggregate extraction. Also
this area is subject to extensive future development. Well W244-2 has a depth of 20.3 m and
well W245-2 is 76.2 m deep at a ground elevation of 239.8 masl and are approximately 24 m
apart. The average water level elevation between both wells range from 227 to 231 masl.
Figure B-5: Orthophotograph of W244-2 (right inset) and W245-2 (left inset) location and
historical hydrograph.
224
226
228
230
232
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Wat
er
Leve
l Ele
vati
on
(m
asl)
Year
W244-2 and W245-2 Monthly Groundwater Level
W244-2 W245-2
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 32 of 71
Wells W323-2, W323-3 and W323-4: The well nest W323 is located in the Simcoe County
Forest, Bradford West Gwillimbury (Figure B-6). The wells are approximately 84m from the
provincial highway 400 on a gravel trail extending from the 12th Line and are completed at
different depths: W323-2: 18.3 m , W323-3: 32 m and W323-4: 105 m. The ground elevation
at this location is 269.8 masl. The average water level elevation is approximately 256.3 masl
between the shallow and the intermediate well and 232 masl in the deep well. These wells
are surrounded by agricultural activities and forest.
Figure B-6: Orthophotograph of W323-2 (inset left), W323-3, (inset right) and W323-4 (inset
centre with cabinet) location and historical hydrograph (W323-4 on secondary axis).
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Wat
er L
evel
Ele
vati
on
(m
asl)
Wat
er
Leve
l Ele
vati
on
(m
asl)
Year
W323-2/3/4 Monthly Groundwater Level
W323-2 W323-3 W323-4
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 33 of 71
Well W479-1: Well W479-1 is located in the Township of Essa on the 10th Line, south of
County Road 90, and south of 8545 10th Line (Figure B-7). This well was integrated into the
PGMN program in 2008. W479-1 is 117.2 m deep at a ground elevation of 228 masl. This well
is surrounded by rural residential and woody wetland landuses. The average water level
elevation is 291 masl. The highest monthly average water level is 227 masl and the lowest
water level is 223 masl.
Figure B-7: Orthophotograph of W479-1 location and historical hydrograph.
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Wat
er
Leve
l Ele
vati
on
(m
asl)
Year
W479-1 Monthly Groundwater Level
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 34 of 71
Well W480-1 and Well 508-1: Wells W480-1 and W508-1 are located in the Town of
Thornton, Essa Township, behind the Thornton Arena. W480-1 was integrated into the PGMN
program in 2008, followed by W508-1 in 2015 (Figure B-8). Surrounded by urban
development, this area is subject to ongoing develop ment pressure. W480-1 is 32.6 m deep
at a ground elevation of 293 masl and was completed into a sand-gravel overburden aquifer.
The averaged water level elevation is 288.4 masl. W508-1 is 164.3 m deep and is screened
in a thin sand unit within the older till (ATG1) close to the bedrock interface. It was drilled by
the Ontario Geological Survey.
Figure B-8: Orthophotograph of W480-1 (left inset) and W508-1 (right inset) location and
historical hydrograph (W508-1 on secondary axis).
256
257
258
259
287
288
289
290
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Wat
er
Leve
l Ele
vati
on
(m
asl)
Wat
er
Leve
l Ele
vati
on
(m
asl)
Year
W480-1 and W508-1 Monthly Groundwater Level
W480-1 W508-1
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 35 of 71
Well W486-1: Well W486-1 is located in the Township of Amaranth on 2nd Line, north of
County Road 10 (Figure B-9). The well, drilled by the Ontario Geological Survey as part of the
Orangeville Moraine project, was integrated into the program in 2009, and is surrounded by
agricultural land use. This well is located west of the Niagara Escarpment in the Dundalk Till
Plain. The well is 35.9 m deep at a ground elevation of 497 masl. The average water level
elevation is 485 masl.
Figure B-9: Orthophotograph of W486-1 location and historical hydrograph.
482
483
484
485
486
487
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Wat
er
Leve
l Ele
vati
on
(m
asl)
Year
W486-1 Monthly Groundwater Level
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 36 of 71
Wells W505-1, W506-1 and W507-1: Wells W505-1, W506-1, and W507-1 are located on
the 5th Line of Melancthon Township, north of County Road 21, and were integrated into the
PGMN program in May 2014 (Figure B-10). These wells are surrounded by agricultural land
use. This site has four wells; however, only three wells are part of the PGMN program since
the shallowest well (5 m deep, upon which the white cabinet in the inset is mounted) is dry.
Well W505-1 is 15.2 m deep, W506-1 is 54.3 m deep and W507-1 is 78 m deep at a ground
elevation of 517 masl and approximately 2 m apart. Loggers were installed in September
2014. Over this short period, water levels have ranged between 507 masl and 511.5 masl at
all three wells.
Figure B-10: Orthophotograph of W505-1 (inset right), W506-1 (inset left), and W507-1 (inset
centre in front of cabinet) location and historical hydrograph.
506
508
510
512
2014 2015 2016 2017
Wat
er
Leve
l Ele
vati
on
(m
asl)
Year
W505-1/W506-1/W507-1 Monthly Groundwater Level
W505-1 W506-1 W507-1
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 37 of 71
Wells SS-11-02-D and SS-11-02-S: Wells SS-11-02-D and SS-11-02-S are located on 6th
line, east of 18th Sideroad in the Municipality of New Tecumseth (Figure B-11). The depth of
the deep well is 154.5 m and screened in lower unconformity deposits (AFD4) while the
shallow well is 8.5 m and screened in Schomberg silts (ATB2). Both wells are equipped with
Solinst Leveloggers and a Solinst Barologger in well SS-11-02-S with the loggers deployed in
August, 2013.
Figure B-11: Orthophotograph of SS-11-02 (inset left: deep well; right: shallow well) location
and hydrograph (SS-11-02_D on secondary axis).
235.5
236
236.5
237
237.5
254.5
255
255.5
256
256.5
257
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Wat
er L
evel
Ele
vati
on
(m
asl)
Wat
er
Leve
l Ele
vati
on
(m
asl)
Year
SS-11-02 Monthly Groundwater Level
SS-11-02_S SS-11-02_D
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 38 of 71
Wells SS-11-03-D and SS-11-03-S: Wells SS-11-03-D and SS-11-03-S are located south
of Tottenham on the 2nd Line (Figure B-12) on County of Simcoe Forest property. The deep
well is screened at 66.6 m while the shallow well is screened at 16.9 m both in Oak Ridges
Moraine deposits (AFB2). Both wells are equipped with Solinst Leveloggers.
Figure B-12: Orthophotograph of SS-11-03 (inset left (blue): shallow well; right (red): deep
well) location and hydrograph.
269
270
271
272
273
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Wat
er
Leve
l Ele
vati
on
(m
asl)
Year
SS-11-03 Monthly Groundwater Level
SS-11-03_S SS-11-03_D
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 39 of 71
Wells SS-11-04-D and SS-11-04-S: Wells SS-11-04-D and SS-11-04-S are located in the
Adjala-Tosorontio public works yard on Concession Road 4 (Figure B-13). Well SS-11-04-D
is 127.8 m deep and screened at 95.2 m and is situated in AFD4. SS-11-04-S is 20 m deep
and is screened into regional aquifer AFD1. The shallow well is not equipped with a Levelogger
and cannot be sampled as it goes dry during purging. It will be decommissioned in 2019.
Figure B-13: Orthophotograph of SS-11-04 (inset left: deep well; right: shallow well) location
and hydrograph.
245
245.5
246
246.5
247
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Wat
er
Leve
l Ele
vati
on
(m
asl)
Year
SS-11-04-D Monthly Groundwater Level
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 40 of 71
Wells SS-11-06-D and SS-11-06-S: Wells SS-11-06-D and SS-11-06-S are located in Essa
Township on the 6th Line in County of Simcoe Forest property (Figure B-14). SS-11-06-D is
screened at 72.0 m in regional aquifer AFD4. SS-11-06-S is 20 m deep and screened into
regional aquifer AFB1. Both wells are equipped with Solinst Leveloggers.
Figure B-14: Orthophotograph of SS-11-06 (Inset left: deep well; inset right: shallow well)
and hydrograph (SS-11-06_D on secondary axis).
218
218.5
219
219.5
208
208.5
209
209.5
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Wat
er L
evel
Ele
vati
on
(m
asl)
Wat
er
Leve
l Ele
vati
on
(m
asl)
Year
SS-11-06 Monthly Groundwater Level
SS-11-06_S SS-11-06_D
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 41 of 71
Wells SS-11-09-D and SS-11-09-S: Wells SS-11-09-D and SS-11-09-S are located on the
30th Sideroad in the Municipality of Adjala-Tosorontio, southwest of Glencairn (Figure B-15).
The deep well is screened at 71.6 m and the shallow well is screened at 25.9 m both in
regional aquifer AFB2. Both wells are equipped with Solinst Leveloggers.
Figure B-15: Orthophotograph of SS-11-09 (inset left: deep well; right: shallow well) location
and hydrograph.
232
232.5
233
233.5
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017Wat
er
Leve
l Ele
vati
on
(m
asl)
Year
SS-11-09 Monthly Groundwater Level
SS-11-09_S SS-11-09_D
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 42 of 71
Wells SS-12-05-D and SS-12-05-S: Wells SS-12-05-D and SS-12-05-S are located north
of Cookstown on the 9th Line (Figure B-16). SS-12-05-D is screened at 141.7 m in AFF1 and
SS-12-05-S is screened at 10 m in AFD1. Both wells are equipped with Solinst Leveloggers.
The water level in SS-12-05-D is approximately 78 mbref and due to its depth is too deep to
sample.
Figure B-16: Orthophotograph of SS-12-05 (Inset left (blue): shallow well; right (red) deep
well) location and hydrograph (SS-12-05_D on secondary axis).
220
220.5
221
221.5
222
222.5
223
223.5
291291.5
292292.5
293293.5
294294.5
295
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Wat
er L
evel
Ele
vati
on
(m
asl)
Wat
er
Leve
l Ele
vati
on
(m
asl)
Year
SS-12-05 Monthly Groundwater Level
SS-12-05_S SS-12-05_D
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 43 of 71
Well SS-13-01: Well SS-13-01 is located in the Municipality of Essa on the 6th Line (Figure
B-17). This well is 83.7 m deep and screened at 77.6 m in AFF1. This well had been equipped
with a HOBO U20 Levelogger, but was replaced with Solinst Levelogger Gold in fall 2017.
Figure B-17: Orthophotograph of SS-13-01 location and hydrograph.
216
216.5
217
217.5
218
218.5
219
219.5
2015 2016 2017
Wat
er
Leve
l Ele
vati
on
(m
asl)
Year
SS-13-01 Monthly Average Groundwater Level
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 44 of 71
Well SS-13-02: Well SS-13-02 is located in the Township of Adjala-Tosorontio on Concession
Road 8 (Figure B-18), is 88.4 m deep, and screened at 57.9 m in AFD4. This well was equipped
with a HOBO U20 Levelogger that was replaced with Solinst Levelogger Gold in fall 2017.
Figure B-18: Orthophotograph of SS-13-02 location and hydrograph.
235
235.5
236
236.5
237
237.5
2015 2016 2017
Wat
er
Leve
l Ele
vati
on
(m
asl)
Year
SS-13-02 Monthly Average Groundwater Level
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 45 of 71
Well SS-13-08: Well SS-13-08 is located in the Municipality of New Tecumseth, on the 3rd
Line southeast of Tottenham (Figure B-19). This well is 152.1 m deep and screened at
142.1 m in AFF1 and was equipped with a HOBO U20 Levelogger that was replaced with a
Solinst Levelogger Gold in fall 2017.
Figure B-19: Orthophotograph of SS-13-08 location and hydrograph.
241
241.5
242
242.5
243
243.5
244
244.5
2015 2016 2017
Wat
er
Leve
l Ele
vati
on
(m
asl)
Year
SS-13-08 Monthly Average Groundwater Level
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 46 of 71
Well CS-15-03: Well CS-15-03 is located in the Township of Springwater, on Flos Road Four
West, west of Phelpston (Figure B-20). This well is 141.5 m deep and screened at 112.8 m,
believed to be within the base of the Thorncliffe Formation. This well was incorporated into
the montoring network with levelogger installation in early 2017.
Figure B-20: Orthophotograph of CS-15-03 location and hydrograph.
211
211.5
212
212.5
Wat
er
Leve
l Ele
vati
on
(m
asl)
Month
CS-15-03 Monthly Groundwater Level
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 47 of 71
Well CS-15-07: Well CS-15-07 is located in the Township of Clearview, on Nottawasaga
27/28 Sideroad, north of Stayner (Figure B-21). This well is 36.6 m deep and screened at
24.38 m in the Thorncliffe Formation. This well was incorporated into the montoring network
with levelogger installation in early 2017.
Figure B-21: Orthophotograph of CS-15-07 location and hydrograph.
217
217.5
218
218.5
219
Wat
er
Leve
l Ele
vati
on
(m
asl)
Month
CS-15-07 Monthly Groundwater Level
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 48 of 71
Well CS-16-01: Well CS-16-01 is located in the Township of Clearview, on Concession Rd 12
Sunnidale, south of Wasaga Beach (Figure B-22). This well is 97 m deep and screened at
61.65 m at the base of the Thorncliffe Formation. This well was incorporated into the
montoring network with levelogger installation in early 2017.
Figure B-22: Orthophotograph of CS-16-01 location and hydrograph.
186.5
187
187.5
188
Wat
er
Leve
l Ele
vati
on
(m
asl)
Month
CS-16-01 Monthly Groundwater Level
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 49 of 71
Well CS-16-06: Well CS-16-06 is located in the Township of Clearview, on Sideroad 15 & 16
Nottawasaga, south of Stayner (Figure B-23). This well is 87 m deep and screened at 59.45 m
in the Base Thorncliffe Formation. This well was incorporated into the montoring network with
levelogger installation in early 2017.
Figure B-23: Orthophotograph of CS-16-06 location and hydrograph.
240.5
241
241.5
242
Wat
er
Leve
l Ele
vati
on
(m
asl)
Year
CS-16-06 Monthly Groundwater Level
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 50 of 71
Well CS-17-01: Well CS-17-01 is located in the Township of Clearview, on Concession Rd 7
Sunnidale, north of New Lowell (Figure B-24). This well is 77.95 m deep and screened at
74.68 m at the bedrock-overburden interface. This well was drilled in 2017 and a Solinst
Levelogger was installed in December 2017, therefore this site does not have hydrograph
analysis at this time.
Figure B-24: Orthophotograph of CS-17-01 location.
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 51 of 71
Wells CS-17-02-S and CS-17-02-D: Well CS-17-01 is located in the Township of Clearview,
on Sideroad 3&4 Sunnidale, north of New Lowell (Figure B-25). CS-17-02-S is 64.92 m deep
and screened at 60.35 m in the Base Thorncliffe Formation, while CS-17-02-D is 82.3 m deep
and screened at 79.25 m at the bedrock-overburden interface. These wells were drilled in
2017 and a Solinst Levelogger was installed in each of theses wells in December 2017,
therefore this site does not have hydrograph analysis at this time.
Figure B-25: Orthophotograph of CS-17-02 location (inset left (south): shallow well; right
(north) deep well).
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 52 of 71
Well CS-17-03: Well CS-17-03 is located in the Township of Clearview, on Concession Rd
11, west of Dunedin (Figure B-26). This well is 13.72 m deep and screened at 10.67 m at
the bedrock-overburden interface. This well was drilled in 2017 and a Solinst Levelogger was
installed in December 2017, therefore this site does not have hydrograph analysis at this
time.
Figure B-26: Orthophotograph of CS-17-03 location.
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 53 of 71
Well CS-17-04: Well CS-17-04 is located in the Township of Adjala-Tosorontio, on Centre
Line Road, northwest of Glencairn, approximately 2.7 km north of SS-11-09 (Figure B-27).
This well is 73.15 m deep and screened at 52.73 m in AFB2. This well was drilled in 2017 and
a Solinst Levelogger was installed in December 2017, therefore this site does not have
hydrograph analysis at this time.
Figure B-27: Orthophotograph of CS-17-04 location.
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 54 of 71
Well CS-17-05: Well CS-17-05 is located in the Township of Springwater, on Glengarry
Landing Road North, north of Edenvale (Figure B-28). This well is 100.89 m deep and
screened at 77.72 m in Thorncliffe sands. This well was drilled in 2017 and a Solinst
Levelogger was installed in December 2017, therefore this site does not have hydrograph
analysis at this time.
Figure B-28: Orthophotograph of CS-17-05 location.
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 55 of 71
Well CS-17-06: Well CS-17-06 is located in the Township of Clearview, at the baseball
diamond on Buist St in Nottawa (Figure B-29). This well is 24.65 m deep and screened at
21.6 m at the bedrock-overburden interface. This well was drilled in 2017 and a Solinst
Levelogger was installed in December 2017, therefore this site does not have hydrograph
analysis at this time.
Figure B-29: Orthophotograph of CS-17-06 location.
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 56 of 71
Well CS-17-07: Well CS-17-07 is located in the Township of Clearview, on Sideroad 18 & 19,
approximately 2.8 km east of CS-17-01, northeast of New Lowell (Figure B-30). This well is
56.45 m deep and screened at 53.4 m at the bedrock-overburden interface. This well was
drilled in 2017 and a Solinst Levelogger was installed in December 2017, therefore this site
does not have hydrograph analysis at this time.
Figure B-30: Orthophotograph of CS-17-07 location.
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 57 of 71
Well CS-17-08: Well CS-17-08 is located in the Township of Springwater, on Holler Road
south of the Minesing Wetlands (Figure B-31). This well is 109.7 m deep and screened at
63.1 m in the Thorncliffe formation. This well was drilled in 2017. As it was classified as a
flowing well, it is not actively monitored at this time.
Figure B-31: Orthophotograph of CS-17-08 location.
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 58 of 71
Wells Pinegrove and Grenfel: Pinegrove and Grenfel wells are located in the Township of
Springwater, east of the Minesing Wetlands, in County forest on Pinegrove Road and Grenfel
Road, respectively (Figure B-32). The Pinegrove well is 24.38 m deep and screened at
21.34 m in (sand), and the Grenfel well is 64 m deep and screened at 45.72 m (sand).
Figure B-32: Orthophotograph of Pinegrove (left inset, primary y-axis) and Grenfel (right
inset, secondary axis) well location and hydrograph. Pinegrove levelogger lost down well in
2016; monthly manual statics provided to visualize trend.
253
253.5
254
254.5
255
255.5
256
210
210.5
211
211.5
212
212.5
213
2013 2014 2014 2015 2016 2016 2017 2017 2018
Wat
er L
evel
Ele
vati
on
(m
asl)
Wat
er
Leve
l Ele
vati
on
(m
asl)
Year
Pinegrove and Grenfel Monthly Groundwater Levels
Pinegrove Pinegrove static Grenfel
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 59 of 71
Appendix C – Individual Well Characterization Information PGMN wells are denoted in Well ID by “W” and SGMP wells denoted by either “SS”, “CS”, or “Pinegrove” and “Grenfel”
Well ID MECP Water Well Record
ID Municipality Road Location Name
Year Integrated
into Monitoring Program
Easting Northing Ground
Elevation (masl)
Total Depth (m)
Stick Up (m)
Top of Screen
(m)
Bottom of Screen (m)
Internal Diameter (inches)
Hydrostratigraphic Unit
W224-1 A011238 New Tecumseth 4th Line Tottenham 2002 595456.4 4874991.7 249.737 80.5 1.067 71.3 80.5 2 A3
W230-1 5730549 Essa Cambrai Road Base Borden 2003 587288.0 4905986.0 200.402 79.86 0.569 56.08 57.3 2 A3
W231-1 5705649 Adjala-Tosorontio Concession Road 7 Earl Rowe Prov Park 2003 587308.9 4890873.4 224.333 46.63 1.153 39.87 43.53 6.2 A3
W232-2 5735793 Wasaga Beach Klondike Park Road Wasaga Beach 2003 580037.7 4927897.1 188.143 83.21 0.747 32.92 42.06 3 A3
W244-2 Midhurst BH2 Springwater Snow Valley Road Midhurst 2003 600108.0 4920994.6 239.833 20.3 0.79 18.288 19.81 2 A1
W245-2 Midhurst MW1 Springwater Snow Valley Road Midhurst 2003 600092.5 4920976.8 239.81 76.2 0.8 18.59 20.42 2 A3
W281-1 5737782 Adjala-Tosorontio Concession Road 7 Earl Rowe Prov Park 2003 587302.9 4890868.8 224.341 7.62 0.882 4.572 7.62 2 A1
W291-1 5737807 Wasaga Beach Klondike Park Road Wasaga Beach 2003 580040.1 4927893.8 186.663 9.14 0.689 6.096 9.144 2 A1
W292-1 5737726 Essa Cambrai Road Base Borden 2003 587284.8 4905984.7 200.305 7.62 0.79 4.11 7.16 2 A1
W323-2 5737734 Bradford W-G 12th Line Bradford 2003 608583.9 4890705.4 269.579 18.29 0.782 15.24 18.29 2 A2
W323-3 5737733 Bradford W-G 12th Line Bradford 2003 608591.2 4890710.1 269.899 32.04 0.711 28.96 32.004 2 A2
W323-4 5737735 Bradford W-G 12th Line Bradford 2003 608585.9 4890707.9 269.863 105.16 0.645 102.11 105.16 2.5 A3
W479-1 A028284 Essa 10th Line Essa 2008 598118.2 4910287.8 227.914 117.2 0.294 83.51 90.22 2.5 A3
W480-1 5728376 Essa Hwy 27 Thornton Arena 2009 602140.0 4902624.0 292.912 32.61 0.873 30.18 32.61 6.2 A1
W486-1 A081562 Amaranth 2nd Line Amaranth TWP 2010 567277.6 4868498.6 496.495 35.85 0.938 17.85 20.9 2 A1
W505-1 A071806 Melancthon 5th Line Redickville 2014 557934.0 4897360.0 516.43 15.24 0.818 13.71 15.24 2
W506-1 A071806 Melancthon 5th Line Redickville 2014 557933.0 4897359.0 516.72 54.25 0.935 52.43 54.25 2
W507-1 A071806 Melancthon 5th Line Redickville 2014 557933.0 4897359.0 516.53 78 1.046 76.5 78.03 2
W508-1 A128707 Essa Hwy 27 Thornton Arena 2013 602163.3 4902745.9 292.517 164.3 0.661 150.14 151.64 2.5
SS-11-02-D A117337 New Tecumseth 6th Line Bond-Head 2011 602976.6 4880339.4 257.431 154.05 0.785 148.59 150.1 2 AFD4
SS-11-02-S A117335 New Tecumseth 6th Line Bond-Head 2011 602979.1 4880340.2 257.444 8.5 0.876 7 8.5 2 ATB2
SS-11-03-D A117309 New Tecumseth 2nd Line Tottenham 2011 596495.0 4872322.0 276 107 0.885 66.6 68.1 2 AFB2
SS-11-03-S A117310 New Tecumseth 2nd Line Tottenham 2011 596495.0 4872322.0 276 16.85 0.78 15.35 16.85 2 AFB2
SS-11-04-D A117315 Adjala-Tosorontio 4 Concession Rd Works Yard 2011 586056.1 4878235.2 291.614 127.75 0.756 95.15 96.65 2 AFD4
SS-11-06-D A117332 Essa 6th Line Baxter 2011 594738.9 4898720.1 220.475 81.15 0.857 72 73.5 2 AFD4
SS-11-06-S A117333 Essa 6th Line Baxter 2011 594733.8 4898720.4 220.393 19.95 1.031 18.45 19.95 2 AFB1
SS-11-09-D A117331 Adjala-Tosorontio 30 SideRoad Glencairn 2011 577509.4 4903954.4 245 84.15 0.93 71.6 73.1 2 AFB2
SS-11-09-S A050765 Adjala-Tosorontio 30 SideRoad Glencairn 2011 577506.1 4903953.7 245 25.9 0.89 24.4 25.9 2 AFB2
SS-12-05-D A128721 Essa 9th Line Cookstown 2012 599722.5 4894668.4 299.999 156.8 0.72 138.8 141.8 2.5 Older drift
SS-12-05-S A117325 Essa 9th Line Cookstown 2012 599722.4 4894667.0 299.999 10 1.006 6.5 9.5 2.5 AFD1
SS-13-01 A151071 Essa 6th Line Egbert 2013 595601.0 4894333.0 219.79 83.65 0.75 77.55 80.6 2.5
SS-13-02 A151068 Adjala-Tosorontio 8th Line Adjala-Tosorontio 2013 591676.0 4878057.0 270 88.4 0.75 57.9 60 2.5
SS-13-08 A151070 New Tecumseth 3rd Line Tottenham 2013 597757.0 4874254.0 259 152.1
142.1 145.1
Older drift (AFF1)
CS-15-03 A185331 Springwater Flos Road 4 West Phelpston 2016 590588.0 4929374.0 225 141.5 0.73 112.8 115.8 2.5 AFD
CS-15-07 A185330 Clearview Nottawasaga 27/28 Sideroad
Stayner 2016 570356.0 4920153.0 219 37 0.76 24.38 27.43 2.5 AFD
CS-16-06 A202793 Clearview Nottawasaga 15/16 Sideroad
Nottawasaga 2016 573326.0 4913449.0 269.369 87 0.76 59.45 62.5 2.5 AFD
CS-16-01 A202835 Clearview Concession 12 Sunnidale Rd.
Stayner 2016 581473.0 4924040.0 197.033 97 0.64 61.65 63.15 2.5 AFD
CS-17-01 A225950 Clearview Concession 7 Sunnidale New Lowell 2017 581952.3 4915765.0 209 77.724 0.774 74.676 77.724 2.5 Bedrock interface
CS-17-02-D A225952 Clearview Sideroad 3 & 4 Sunnidale Stayner 2017 576811.3 4917104.7 214 82.296 0.7 79.248 82.296 2.5 Bedrock interface
CS-17-02-S A225953 Clearview Sideroad 3 & 4 Sunnidale Stayner 2017 576812.5 4917098.5 214 64.9224 0.75 60.35 63.3984 2.5 AFD
CS-17-03 A225910 Clearview S. Nottawasaga Concession 11
Maple Valley 2017 561839.8 4906421.4 516 13.716 0.572 10.668 13.176 2.5 Bedrock interface
CS-17-04 A225911 Adjala-Tosorontio Centre Line Road Glencairn 2017 576809.0 4906568.0 242 73.152 0.69 52.7304 55.7784 2.5 AFB2
CS-17-05 A222287 Springwater Glengarry Landing Rd N Vigo 2017 586927.6 4924580.0 212 100.889 0.732 77.724 80.772 2.5 AFD
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 60 of 71
Well ID
MECP Water
Well Record ID
Municipality Road Location Name
Year
Integrated
into Monitoring Program
Easting Northing
Ground
Elevation (masl)
Total
Depth (m)
Stick Up (m)
Top of
Screen (m)
Bottom of Screen (m)
Internal
Diameter (inches)
Hydrostratigraphic Unit
CS-17-06 A225912 Clearview Buist St Nottawa Baseball Diamond
2017 562748.6 4922854.7 216 24.384 0.646 21.336 24.384 2.5 Bedrock interface
CS-17-07 A225893 Clearview Sideroad 18 & 19 Sunnidale
New Lowell 2017 584632.0 4916600.7 194 56.388 0.754 53.34 56.388 2.5 Bedrock interface
CS-17-08 A225894 Springwater Holler Road Holler Road N/A 593472.0 4911594.0
109.73 0 63.09 64.14 2.5 AFD
Pinegrove A160056 Springwater Pinegrove Road Springwater 2014 593578.0 4914614.0 219.36 24.38 0.7 21.34 24.38 2
Grenfel A176452 Springwater Grenfel Road Springwater 2015 595038.0 4914702.0 275.1 64 0.56 45.72 48.77 2
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 61 of 71
Appendix D – Summary of Annual Data Percent Complete, 2002-2017 Note 2017 analysis generally ends November 2017.
Well ID
Annual data percent completeness Number of Years Data
Logger Installed
Number of Years with ≥ 80%
Complete
Cummulative Hydrograph
Percent Complete
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
20
17
W224-1 5 100 100 63 41 31 12 91 43 82 65 99 99 100 100 85 15 9 63
W230-1 77 100 68 72 100 68 100 100 83 65 92 100 100 42 60 15 8 77
W231-1 74 0 16 100 79 12 92 46 100 89 100 100 89 94 83 15 9 67
W232-2 58 100 82 100 91 40 100 86 49 100 100 100 100 100 87 15 12 82
W244-2 90 100 80 100 100 92 100 100 100 100 100 81 86 72 73 15 13 86
W245-2 90 100 100 100 97 79 100 100 100 90 76 93 100 100 87 15 13 88
W281-1 70 0 25 100 100 60 100 89 26 100 100 100 100 100 85 15 10 72
W291-1 79 99 25 100 100 88 100 100 100 100 84 74 99 85 87 14 12 83
W292-1 77 100 80 29 0 6 100 76 89 100 100 100 100 100 85 15 10 71
W323-2 61 79 16 100 79 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 91 15 11 84
W323-3 61 100 95 61 100 100 100 100 100 100 84 88 100 100 53 15 12 86
W323-4 61 100 93 96 92 100 100 69 99 84 84 100 100 100 91 15 13 87
W479-1 6 100 94 99 96 100 100 98 100 87 10 9 88
W480-1 69 94 73 48 100 100 100 100 89 9 6 86
W486-1 79 100 100 100 100 100 100 85 8 7 95
W505-1 29 100 81 93 4 3 76
W506-1 29 100 85 93 4 3 77
W507-1 29 100 80 92 3 3 75
W508-1 41 100 100 100 89 5 4 86
SS-11-02-D 42 100 100 100 90 5 4 86
SS-11-02-S 32 100 100 100 90 5 4 84
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 62 of 71
Well ID
Annual data percent completeness Number of Years Data
Logger Installed
Number of Years with ≥ 80%
Complete
Cummulative Hydrograph
Percent Complete
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
20
17
SS-11-03-D 40 100 100 100 91 5 4 86
SS-11-03-S 32 100 100 100 91 5 4 85
SS-11-04-D 40 100 100 100 91 5 4 86
SS-11-06-D 23 100 100 65 90 5 3 76
SS-11-06-S 42 100 100 100 90 5 4 86
SS-11-09-D 40 100 100 100 93 5 4 87
SS-11-09-S 40 100 100 100 93 5 4 87
SS-12-05-D 40 100 100 100 90 5 4 86
SS-12-05-S 27 100 100 100 90 5 4 83
SS-13-01 92 96 100 3 3 96
SS-13-02 92 100 100 3 3 97
SS-13-08 79 100 100 3 2 93
CS-15-03 8 93 2 1 51
CS-15-07 8 93 2 1 51
CS-16-01 8 93 2 1 51
CS-16-06 3 93 2 1 48
CS-17-01 0
CS-17-02-D 0
CS-17-02-S 0
CS-17-03 0
CS-17-04 0
CS-17-05 0
CS-17-06 0
CS-17-07 0
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 63 of 71
Well ID
Annual data percent completeness Number of Years Data
Logger Installed
Number of Years with ≥ 80%
Complete
Cummulative Hydrograph
Percent Complete
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
20
17
CS-17-08 0
Pinegrove 53 99 37 69 4 1 65
Grenfel 78 99 87 3 2 88
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 64 of 71
Appendix E – Water Quality Sampling History, 2003-2018 The agencies that sampled and/or paid for the sampling analysis consist of: PGMN= Provincial Groundwater Monitoring Network Program (MECP-funded), GSC= Geological
Survey of Canada. OGS= Ontario Geological Survey, CAMC-YPDT= Conservation Authority Moraine Coalition-York, Durham, Peel, Toronto Groundwater Program, POLY=
Polytechnique Montréal, EC= Environment Canada, Trent=Trent University.
WELL ID
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
20
17
20
18
Number of Years
Monitored
Number of Years
Sampled
Number of Samples
W224-1 PGMN PGMN PGMN PGMN PGMN PGMN (2x)
PGMN PGMN PGMN/ GSC
PGMN PGMN/
OGS/POLY 16 11 15
W230-1 PGMN PGMN PGMN (2x)
PGMN PGMN PGMN PGMN PGMN (2x)
PGMN PGMN PGMN PGMN PGMN/ OGS
16 13 16
W231-1 PGMN PGMN PGMN PGMN PGMN PGMN PGMN PGMN (2x)
PGMN PGMN PGMN PGMN PGMN/
OGS/POLY 16 13 16
W232-2 PGMN PGMN PGMN PGMN PGMN PGMN PGMN PGMN (2x)
PGMN PGMN PGMN PGMN PGMN 16 13 15
W244-2 PGMN PGMN PGMN (2x)
PGMN PGMN PGMN PGMN PGMN (2x)
PGMN PGMN PGMN PGMN PGMN/ OGS
16 13 16
W245-2 PGMN PGMN PGMN (2x)
PGMN PGMN PGMN PGMN PGMN (2x)
PGMN PGMN PGMN PGMN PGMN/ OGS
16 13 16
W281-1 PGMN PGMN PGMN PGMN PGMN (2x)
PGMN PGMN PGMN PGMN PGMN/
OGS/POLY 16 10 13
W291-1 PGMN PGMN PGMN PGMN PGMN PGMN (2x)
PGMN PGMN PGMN PGMN PGMN 16 11 12
W292-1 PGMN PGMN PGMN 16 3 3
W323-2 PGMN PGMN (2x)
PGMN GSC 16 4 5
W323-3 PGMN PGMN PGMN (2x)
PGMN PGMN PGMN PGMN PGMN (2x)
PGMN PGMN PGMN/ GSC
PGMN PGMN/
OGS/POLY 16 13 18
W323-4 PGMN PGMN PGMN PGMN PGMN PGMN PGMN PGMN (2x)
PGMN PGMN PGMN/ GSC
PGMN PGMN/
OGS/POLY 16 13 17
W479-1 PGMN (2x)
PGMN PGMN(
2x) PGMN
PGMN (2x)
PGMN PGMN PGMN PGMN PGMN/ OGS
11 10 14
W480-1 PGMN PGMN PGMN PGMN PGMN PGMN (2x)
PGMN PGMN PGMN PGMN PGMN/
OGS/POLY 11 11 14
W486-1 PGMN PGMN PGMN PGMN (2x)
PGMN PGMN PGMN PGMN PGMN 10 9 10
W505-1 PGMN PGMN PGMN PGMN PGMN/ OGS
5 5 6
W506-1 PGMN PGMN PGMN PGMN PGMN/ OGS
5 5 6
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 65 of 71
WELL ID
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
20
17
20
18
Number of Years
Monitored
Number of Years
Sampled
Number of Samples
W507-1 PGMN PGMN PGMN PGMN 5 5 5
W508-1 PGMN PGMN PGMN PGMN PGMN/ POLY
6 5 6
SS-11-02-D CAMC-YPDT
GSC OGS/Trent 7 3 4
SS-11-02-S CAMC-YPDT
OGS/Trent 7 2 3
SS-11-03-D CAMC-YPDT
GSC OGS 7 3 3
SS-11-03-S CAMC-YPDT
GSC OGS 7 3 3
SS-11-04-D CAMC-YPDT
GSC OGS 7 3 3
SS-11-06-D CAMC-YPDT
OGS 7 2 2
SS-11-06-S CAMC-YPDT
OGS 7 2 2
SS-11-09-D CAMC-
YPDT OGS 7 2 2
SS-11-09-S CAMC-YPDT
OGS 7 2 2
SS-12-05-D GSC 6 1 1
SS-12-05-S CAMC-YPDT
GSC 6 2 2
SS-13-01 CAMC-YPDT
OGS 5 2 2
SS-13-02 CAMC-YPDT
GSC OGS 5 3 3
SS-13-08 CAMC-YPDT
GSC OGS 5 3 3
CS-15-03 OGS 3 1 1
CS-15-07 OGS 3 1 1
CS-16-01 OGS 2 1 1
CS-16-06 OGS 2 1 1
CS-17-01 OGS 1 1 1
CS-17-02-D OGS 1 1 1
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 66 of 71
WELL ID
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
20
17
20
18
Number of Years
Monitored
Number of Years
Sampled
Number of Samples
CS-17-02-S OGS 1 1 1
CS-17-03 OGS 1 1 1
CS-17-04 OGS 1 1 1
CS-17-05 OGS 1 1 1
CS-17-06 OGS 1 1 1
CS-17-07 OGS 1 1 1
CS-17-08 OGS 0 1 1
Pinegrove EC EC EC EC (2X) 5 4 5
Grenfel EC EC EC EC (2X) 5 4 5
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 67 of 71
Appendix F – Landuse Evaluation of the PGMN and SGMP Wells Based on 100 m radius surrounding each well
Well ID Wellhead Protection Area
(WHPA- A/B/C/D) Significant Groundwater Recharge Area (SGRA)
Highly Vulnerable Aquifer (HVA)
Soil Class (A/B/C/D)
Woodlands/ Woodlot
ANSI Deer Wintering
Yard Located Within
Wetland
W224-1 C N N B N N N N
W230-1 N Y N - Y N Y N
W231-1 N Y Y B Y N N N
W232-2 N N Y A N Y N N
W244-2 N Y Y A N N N N
W245-2 N Y Y A N N N N
W281-1 N Y Y B Y N N N
W291-1 N N Y A Y Y N N
W292-1 N Y N - Y N Y N
W323-2 N N N B Y N Y N
W323-3 N N N B Y N Y N
W323-4 N N N B Y N Y N
W479-1 N N N C Y N N Y
W480-1 N N N B N N N N
W486-1 N N N B N N N N
W505-1 N N N B N N N N
W506-1 N N N B N N N N
W507-1 N N N B N N N N
W508-1 N N N B N N N N
SS-11-02-D N N N C N N N N
SS-11-02-S N N N C N N N N
SS-11-03-D N Y Y A Y N N Y
SS-11-03-S N Y Y A Y N N Y
SS-11-04-D N N N A N N Y N
SS-11-06-D N Y N A Y N Y N
SS-11-06-S N Y N A Y N Y N
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 68 of 71
Well ID Wellhead Protection Area
(WHPA- A/B/C/D) Significant Groundwater Recharge Area (SGRA)
Highly Vulnerable Aquifer (HVA)
Soil Class (A/B/C/D)
Woodlands/ Woodlot
ANSI Deer Wintering
Yard Located Within
Wetland
SS-11-09-D N Y N B Y N Y N
SS-11-09-S N Y N B Y N Y N
SS-12-05-D N Y N A N N N N
SS-12-05-S N Y N A N N N N
SS-13-01 N Y N A N N N N
SS-13-02 N N N C N N N N
SS-13-08 N N N C N N N N
CS-15-03 N Y N A Y N N N
CS-15-07 N N N A Y N N N
CS-16-01 N N Y A N N N N
CS-16-06 N N Y B N N N N
CS-17-01 N N N B N N N N
CS-17-02-D N N Y C N N N N
CS-17-02-S N N Y C N N N N
CS-17-03 N N N B N N N N
CS-17-04 N Y N A N N N N
CS-17-05 N N Y B N N N N
CS-17-06 N N N A Y N N N
CS-17-07 N N Y A N N N N
CS-17-08 N Y N A Y N N N
Pinegrove N Y N A Y N N N
Grenfel N N N B N N N N
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 69 of 71
Appendix G – Capital Asset Summary of the PGMN and SGMP Monitoring Programs Includes drilling and equipment costs. The yellow highlighted cells correspond to preexisting wells that were incorporated into the PGMN program.
Drilling/Well Install Cost Equipment Cost Telemetry Equipment
Well ID Location Name Total
Depth (m) SGMP wells
(OGS)
PGMN and Minesing Wells
($150/m)
Well Replacement Cost ($150/m)
Levelogger ($771.49
per logger) Barologger Rainlogger
SDI-12 cable
DRC cable Terminal
cable
SDI-12 Expansion
cable
Soil Moisture Probes
Dedicated Pump
FTS Hopper FTS Axiom
W224-1 Tottenham 80.5 $12,075.00 $12,075.00 $771.49 $363.86 $146.90 $4,752.78
W230-1 Base Borden 79.86 $11,979.00 $11,979.00 $771.49 $363.86 $146.90 $2,350.14
W231-1 Earl Rowe Prov Park 46.63 $6,994.50 $6,994.50 $771.49 $363.86 $146.90 $2,350.14 $4,752.78
W232-2 Wasaga Beach 83.21 $12,481.50 $12,481.50 $771.49 $363.86 $146.90 $2,350.14
W244-2 Midhurst 20.3 $3,045.00 $3,045.00 $771.49 $363.86 $314.14 $2,350.14 $4,752.78
W245-2 Midhurst 76.2 $11,430.00 $11,430.00 $771.49 $404.54 $727.72 $266.68 $4,752.78
W281-1 Earl Rowe Prov Park 7.62 $1,143.00 $1,143.00 $771.49 $404.54 $727.72 $251.99 $4,752.78
W291-1 Wasaga Beach 9.14 $1,371.00 $1,371.00 $771.49 $146.90
W292-1 Base Borden 7.62 $1,143.00 $1,143.00 $771.49 $363.86 $146.90 $4,752.78
W323-2 Bradford 18.29 $2,743.50 $2,743.50 $771.49 $363.86 $146.90
W323-3 Bradford 32.04 $4,806.00 $4,806.00 $771.49 $363.86 $146.90 $2,350.14
W323-4 Bradford 105.16 $15,774.00 $15,774.00 $771.49 $404.54 $375.16 $727.72 $366.12 $723.20 $576.30 $1,908.57 $2,350.14 $6,651.18
W479-1 Essa 117.20 $17,580.00 $17,580.00 $771.49 $146.90 $2,350.14
W480-1 Thornton Arena 32.61 $4,891.50 $4,891.50 $771.49 $146.90 $2,350.14
W486-1 Amaranth TWP 35.85 $5,377.50 $5,377.50 $771.49 $146.90
W505-1 Redickville 15.24 $2,286.00 $2,286.00 $771.49 $375.16 $746.93 $146.90 $452.00 $288.15 $6,651.18
W506-1 Redickville 54.25 $8,137.50 $8,137.50 $771.49 $363.86 $146.90
W507-1 Redickville 78.03 $11,700.00 $11,700.00 $771.49 $404.54 $727.72 $254.25
W508-1 Thornton Arena 164.3 $24,645.00 $24,645.00 $771.49 N/A
SS-11-02-D Bond-Head 154.05 $49,708.00 $23,107.50 $771.49
SS-11-02-S Bond-Head 8.5 $2,422.50 $1,275.00 $771.49 $404.54
SS-11-03-D Tottenham 107.0 $32,770.00 $16,050.00 $771.49
SS-11-03-S Tottenham 16.85 $4,802.25 $2,527.50 $771.49
SS-11-04-D Works Yard 127.75 $40,240.00 $19,162.50 $771.49
SS-11-06-D Baxter 81.15 $24,218.00 $12,172.50 $771.49
SS-11-06-S Baxter 19.95 $5,685.75 $2,992.50 $771.49
SS-11-09-D Glencairn 84.15 $25,438.00 $12,622.50 $771.49
SS-11-09-S Glencairn 25.9 $7,381.50 $3,885.00 $771.49
SS-12-05-D Cookstown 156.8 $50,698.00 $23,520.00 $771.49
SS-12-05-S Cookstown 10.0 $2,850.00 $1,500.00 $771.49
SS-13-01 Egbert 83.65 $25,018.00 $12,547.50 $771.49
SS-13-02 Adjala-Tosorontio 88.4 $26,538.00 $13,260.00 $771.49
SS-13-08 Tottenham 152.1 $49,006.00 $22,815.00 $771.49
CS-15-03 Phelpston 141.5 $45,190.00 $21,225.00 $771.49
CS-15-07 Stayner 36.6 $10,545.00 $5,550.00 $771.49
CS-16-01 Stayner 97.55 $29,290.00 $14,550.00 $771.49
CS-16-06 Nottawasaga 86.95 $26,090.00 $13,050.00 $771.49
CS-17-01 New Lowell 77.72 $36,121.68 $11,658.60 $771.49
CS-17-02-D Stayner 82.30 $24,584.72 $12,344.40 $771.49
CS-17-02-S Stayner 64.92 $19,025.17 $9,738.36 $771.49
CS-17-03 Maple Valley 13.72 $3,909.06 $2,057.40 $771.49
CS-17-04 Glencairn 73.15 $21,658.64 $10,972.80 $771.49
CS-17-05 Vigo 100.89 $30,570.04 $15,133.35 $771.49
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 70 of 71
Drilling/Well Install Cost Equipment Cost Telemetry Equipment
Well ID Location Name Total
Depth (m) SGMP wells
(OGS)
PGMN and Minesing Wells
($150/m)
Well Replacement Cost ($150/m)
Levelogger ($771.49
per logger) Barologger Rainlogger
SDI-12 cable
DRC cable Terminal
cable
SDI-12 Expansion
cable
Soil Moisture Probes
Dedicated Pump
FTS Hopper FTS Axiom
CS-17-06 Nottawa 24.38 $6,949.44 $3,657.60 $771.49
CS-17-07 New Lowell 56.39 $16,294.16 $8,458.20 $771.49
CS-17-08 Holler Road 109.95 $33,832.00 $16,492.50
Pinegrove Springwater 24.38 $3,657.00 $3,657.00 $771.49
Grenfel Springwater 64.0 $9,600.00 $9,600.00 $771.49
Totals $650,835.91 $172,860.00 $485,185.71 $36,260.03 $2,022.70 $750.32 $6,932.55 $3,362.88 $1,175.20 $864.45 $1,908.57 $18,801.12 $28,516.68 $13,302.36
NVCA Groundwater Monitoring Network Review and Assessment Page 71 of 71
Appendix H – Well and Equipment Distribution per PGMN Program Partner Note this table does not include the SMGP wells.
Conservation Authority Area (km2) Number of PGMN wells
Area Covered per Well (km2)
Hopper AxiomH2 LT1 AxiomH1 Number of Wells
Serviced by Telemetry System
Percent of Wells with Telemetry
Percent of Wells Serviced by Telemetry
Ausable Bayfield Conservation Authority 2,500 16 156.3 8 2 11 62.5 68.8
Cataraqui Region Conservation Authority 3,393 7 484.7 3 2 5 71.4 71.4
Catfish Creek Conservation Authority 490 3 163.3
Central Lake Ontario Conservation 638 13 49.1
Credit Valley Conservation 1,000 11 90.9 6 1 11 63.6 100.0
Crowe Valley Conservation 2,006 7 286.6
Essex Region Conservation Authority 1,681 8 210.1 1 1 12.5 12.5
Ganaraska Region Conservation Authority 935 15 62.3 3 1 1 9 33.3 60.0
Grand River Conservation Authority 6,800 26 261.5 3 7 11.5 26.9
Grey Sauble Conservation Authority 3,146 10 314.6 1 1 10.0 10.0
Conservation Halton 1,000 11 90.9 5 2 7 63.6 63.6
Hamilton Conservation Authority 479 9 53.2 1 2 11.1 22.2
Kawartha Conservation 2,563 12 213.6 1 1 3 6 41.7 50.0
Kettle Creek Conservation Authority 520 7 74.3
Lakehead Region Conservation Authority 2,538 8 317.3 1 1 12.5 12.5
Lake Simcoe Region Conservation Authority 3,303 13 254.1 2 4 15.4 30.8
Long Point Region Conservation Authority 2,893 11 263.0 2 1 4 27.3 36.4
Lower Thames Valley Conservation Authority 3,275 10 327.5 3 3 30.0
Lower Trent Conservation 2,121 12 176.8 1 1 8.3 8.3
Maitland Valley Conservation Authority 3,266 9 362.9
Mattagami Region Conservation Authority 11,060 4 2765.0
Mississippi Valley Conservation 4,455 9 495.0
Niagara Peninsula Conservation Authority 2,424 14 173.1 8 1 10 64.3 71.4
Nickel District Conservation Authority 7,576 7 1082.3 1 2 14.3 28.6
North Bay-Mattawa Conservation Authority 2,984 6 497.3
Nottawasaga Valley Conservation Authority 3,300 19 173.7 6 2 1 15 47.4 78.9
Otonabee Conservation 1,951 8 243.9 1 1 12.5 12.5
Quinte Conservation 6,000 29 206.9 19 5 27 82.8 93.1
Raisin Region Conservation Authority 1,680 9 186.7
Rideau Valley Conservation Authority 4,243 13 326.4 2 3 15.4 23.1
Saugeen Conservation 4,675 17 275.0 1 2 5.9 11.8
Sault Ste Marie Region Conservation Authority 283 12 23.6
South Nation Conservation 4,146 17 243.9 3 2 9 16 82.4 94.1
St. Clair Region Conservation Authority 4,100 9 455.6 1 1 11.1 11.1
Toronto and Region Conservation Authority 3,467 21 165.1 1 1 4 9.5 19.0
Upper Thames River Conservation Authority 3,432 27 127.1 4 1 7 18.5 25.9
Severn Sound Environmental Association 1000 10 100.0
Renfrew County 7645 6 1274.2 2 1 6 50.0 100.0
Average 3,131 12 343 5 2 2 9 6 33 43
Total 455 72 38 6 9 167 33.0 43.4
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