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NSWInnovationandProductivityScorecard
NSWInnovationandProductivityCouncil
August2019
20182019
Foreword
WelcometothesecondNSWInnovationandProductivityScorecard.
ItismypleasuretoreleasethesecondeditionoftheNSWInnovationandProductivityScorecard,whichoutlineshowNSWistrackingagainstcomparablejurisdictionsandworldleadingeconomiesonarangeofinnovationandproductivitymetrics.
TheScorecardbuildsonthe2018Scorecard,animportantachievementforNSWandthefirsttimeanAustralianstatehadproducedacomprehensivereviewofitsinnovationandproductivityperformance.
TheInnovationandProductivityCouncil(IPC)isproudtoworkwiththeNSWGovernmenttogrowtheNSWeconomy,includingbyincreasinginnovationandproductivity.Todothis,wemustunderstandwhereNSWisat,whereourstrengthsandweaknessesare,howwecomparetootherjurisdictions,andhowourperformanceistrackingovertime.TheannualIPCScorecardprovidesanevidencebasetogiveusthisunderstanding,andtoensuredecisionsarebasedonrobustdata.
The2019ScorecardshowsNSWhasastrongeconomy,ahighlyeducatedandentrepreneurialworkforce,andisthestartupcapitalofAustralia.Thenumberofhighgrowthbusinessesisincreasing,whichisagreatresultforNSWasgrowingbusinessesarecriticalforjobsgrowthandeconomicprosperity.Morebusinessesarealsousingdigitaltechnologieswhichareassociatedwithhighgrowth.
WhileNSWhasstronguniversities,universityandindustrycollaborationremainsachallenge.TheIPCiscurrentlyundertakingresearchintowaystosupportcollaborationbetweenuniversitiesandsmalltomediumenterprise(SME),andthetranslationofresearchanddevelopment(R&D)intocommercialoutcomes.Thisresearchwillinformfuturepolicymakinginthisarea.
TheScorecardwillbepublishedagainin2020.Bythistime,wewillhavecollectedandanalyseddataforthesamemetricsatthreedifferentpointsintime.ThiswillenableevenbetterinsightintohowNSWistracking.
Ihopeyoufindthe2019Scorecardahelpfulresource.
IwouldliketothankmycolleaguesontheIPCaswellastheIPCSecretariatfortheircontributiontothisreport.
Mr.NevilleStevensAOChair,NSWInnovationandProductivityCouncil
Mr.NevilleStevensAO
Chair,NSWInnovationandProductivityCouncil
ScorecardYear2018
2019
NSWInnovationandProductivityScorecard
Betterdatainformsbetterdecisions
ThisreportprovidesanimportantsnapshotintohowNSWistrackingonarangeofinnovationandproductivityindicators.
ItisproducedbytheInnovationandProductivityCouncil(IPC),comprisedofhighlyrespectedindustry,educationandresearchleadersthatadvisetheNSWGovernmentonhowtoimproveinnovationandproductivityinNSW.
GooddataisthestartingpointforgoodadviceandgooddecisionsthatwillgrowtheNSWeconomyandenablecitizenstoprosper.
TheScorecardcomparesNSW’sperformanceagainstkeybenchmarkjurisdictions
Traditionally,innovationwasmeasuredatthenationalandinternationallevelusingarangeofbusinesses,universityandgovernmentdataonresearch,collaboration,skillsandenterpriseactivity.Whileuseful,keymetricswerenotavailableataStatelevelmakingitdifficulttoassesshowNSWwasperforming.
The2018Scorecardchangedthis.Itusedtraditionaldatasourcesandnewmetricsmadeavailablethroughadvancesindatasciencetechnologytodevelopcomplementaryinnovationmetrics.ItwasanewapproachthatallowedustodrilldeeperintothedatatoidentifythestoryforNSW.
TheScorecardallowsmeaningfulcomparisonsandthetrackingofNSW’sperformanceovertime
The2019Scorecardreportsonthesamemetricsasthe2018Scorecard.Bycollectingdataonthesemetricsannually,NSWwillbuildadatabanktotrackNSW’sperformanceovertime.Thiswillenableustorespondpromptlytoareasofweaknessandcelebrateareasofstrength.
ThereportcomparesNSW’sperformanceagainstarangeofinternationaljurisdictionsandcomparableAustralianstates,includingCanada,Germany,NewZealand,Singapore,theUnitedStates,theUnitedKingdom,AustraliaandtheAustralianstatesofVictoriaandQueensland.NSWisalsocomparedwiththeOECDaverageandtheUSstatesofGeorgiaandCaliforniawheresuchdataexists.
ScorecardYear2018
2019
ScorecardYear2018
2019
NSWranks1stfortheproportionofbusinessesthathavegrownby10%overatwoyearperiod.
NSWperformsaboveaverageforGDPgrowth,andrankswellforlabourproductivitywhichmeasuresGDPperpersonemployed.
EnergyproductivityinNSWisaboveaverageandhasbeensteadilyimprovingsince2010.
AlmosthalfofallNSWworkersaretertiaryqualified.
NSWalsohasahighproportionofstartupfounders,althoughlagsleadingjurisdictionsonventurecapitalinvestment.
NSWranks2ndfordigitalcapability,whichmeasuresusebybusinessesofdigitaltechnologiesassociatedwithahighermedianheadcountgrowth.
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InternationalRanking*
University-industrycollaboration
GovernmentinvestmentinR&D
Topresearchers
Patentapplications
Toppapers
Topuniversities
AboveAverage
JurisdictionsNSW
Labourproductivity
GDPgrowth
Energyproductivity
Growthfirms
AboveAverage
Venturecapitalinvestment
Venturecapitalfirms
Employmentoftertiary-educatedpeople
Tertiary-educatedworkforce
Startupfounders
Digitalcapabilityindex
AboveAverage
InternationalComparison
*ThisrankingcomparesNSWtotheUS,theUK,Canada,Singapore,Germany,NewZealand,theAustralianaverage,theAustralianstatesofQueenslandandVictoria,and,wheredataareavailable,theUSstatesofCaliforniaandGeorgiaonarangeofmetrics.They-axisshowswhereNSWranksagainthose11comparisoneconomies.Thex-axisshowshowcloseNSW’sperformanceistotheaverage.
NSWhasahighly-educatedandentrepreneurialworkforce NSWhasastrongeconomywithgrowingbusinessesNSWinvestsinR&Dandhasgooduniversities
NSWrankswellforbusinessinvestmentinR&DandperformsaboveaverageforhighereducationinvestmentinR&D.
NSWuniversitiesalsoperformwell,althoughuniversity-industrycollaborationremainsachallenge.
NSWresearchersproduceahighnumberofhighlycitedpapers,butthenumberofresearchersinNSWiscomparativelylow.
Governmentandnot-for-profitR&Dinvestmentisrelativelylow,butthisfigureexcludesR&Dfundsgovernmentprovidestohighereducationorbusiness.
ScorecardYear2018
2019
CurrentPerformance&RecentTrends
NSWataGlance
Trademarkapplicants
Patentapplicants
Inventiondisclosures
Highereducationresearchfundedbyindustry
Governmentandnot-for-profitinvestmentinR&D
AustralianResearchCouncillinkageprojectgrants
Research&Collaboration
NSWCOMPAREDTOINTERNATIONALANDSTATEBENCHMARKS
NSWCOMPAREDTOAUSTRALIAANDSTATEBENCHMARKSONLY
Universityandindustrycollaborationindex
TotalinvestmentinR&D
Top200universities
Top1%citedpapers
Researcherswhoaretop10intheirfield
Patentapplications
Numberofresearchers
HighereducationinvestmentinR&D
Governmentandnot-for-profitinvestmentinR&D
BusinessinvestmentinR&D
Scoreswithin0.5standarddeviations(ineitherdirection)ofthemeangetayellowlight,>0.5getagreenlightand<-0.5getaredlight.
Skills&Enterprise
NSWCOMPAREDTOINTERNATIONALANDSTATEBENCHMARKS
Venturecapitalinvestment
Tertiary-educatedworkforce
Numberofventurecapitalfirms
Numberofstartupfounders
Employmentoftertiary-qualifiedpeople
Digitalcapabilityindex
NSWCOMPAREDTOAUSTRALIAANDSTATEBENCHMARKSONLY
Vocationallytrainedworkforce
Startupsfromresearchinstitutions
Commercialisationstaffinuniversities
Australianstartupfounders
Growth&Productivity
NSWCOMPAREDTOINTERNATIONALANDSTATEBENCHMARKS
Labourproductivity
Growthfirms
Energyproductivityimprovement
Energyproductivity
AnnualGDPgrowth
NSWCOMPAREDTOAUSTRALIAANDSTATEBENCHMAR..
Netbusinesscreation
Multi-factorproductivity
ScorecardYear2018
2019
LEGEND Currentperformance
• NSWperformsaboveaverage
• NSWperformsataverage
• NSWperformsbelowaverage
NSWfiveyeartrend
ã Upwardtrend
Downwardtrendä
– Notrenddata
GERMANYGDP2018:$4,346B11.1xNSWGDP¹Population2017:82.7MMajorityservicesandITindustries.Strongmanufacturingsector–vehicles,machinery,chemicalgoods,electronicproducts,equipment,pharmaceuticals.Thirdlargestexporterintheworld.GlobalInnovationIndexrank2018:9HumanDevelopmentIndexrank2018:5EnvironmentalPerformanceIndexrank2018:13
ScorecardLegend ■NSW■Australia■Nations■States■OECDaverage
ThesefiguresareinUSDollars.ThecalculationsintheScorecardarebasedonUSDPPP.PurchasingPowerParity(PPP)comparesdifferentcountries'currenciesthrough�amarket“basketofgoods”approach.TwocurrenciesareinPPPwhenamarketbasketofgoods(takinginto
accounttheexchangerate)ispricedthesameinbothcountries.
ScorecardYear2018
2019
SINGAPOREGDP2018:$542B1.4xNSWGDP¹Population2017:5.6MRegionalhubforfinancialservices.Significantexportsinelectronicsandchemicals.Dependentonimportsofnaturalresources.GlobalInnovationIndexrank2018:5HumanDevelopmentIndexrank2018:9EnvironmentalPerformanceIndexrank2018:49
VIC VIC
UNITEDSTATES
UNITEDKINGDOM
SINGAPORE SINGAPORE
QLD QLD
NSW NSW
NEWZEALAND NEWZEALAND
GERMANY
GEORGIA
CANADA
CALIFORNIA
AUSTRALIA AUSTRALIA
©2020Mapbox©OpenStreetMap
AUSTRALIAGDP2018:$1,222B3.1xNSWGDP¹Population2017:24.6MMajorityserviceindustries.Secondwealthiestnation(wealthperadult).Eighthhighestgloballyfortotalestimatedvalueofnaturalresources.GlobalInnovationIndexrank2018:20HumanDevelopmentIndexrank2018:3EnvironmentalPerformanceIndexrank2018:21
QUEENSLANDGDP2018:$222B0.6xNSWGDP²Population2017:4.9MStrongmining,agriculture,tourismandfinancialservices.Mainexportsarecoal,metals,meatandsugar.
NEWSOUTHWALESGDP2018:$391B1xNSWGDP²Population2017:7.9MNSWisAustralia'slargesteconomy.Ithasadiverserangeofindustriesandishighlycompetitiveinthefinancialservices,educationandtourismsectors.Italsohasastrongprimarysector,withhighexportsofbothagriculturalproductsandmineralresources.
VICTORIAGDP2018:$277B0.7xNSWGDP²Population2017:6.3MFinanceandinsurancesectorsproducemostincome.Healthcareandsocialassistanceemploythemostpeople.SecondlargesteconomyinAustralia
NEWZEALANDGDP2018:$194B0.5xNSWGDP¹Population2017:4.8MMajorityservicesector.Largescalemanufacturingindustries–aluminum,foodprocessing,metalfabrication,woodandpaper.GlobalInnovationIndexrank2018:22HumanDevelopmentIndexrank2018:16EnvironmentalPerformanceIndexrank2018:17
CANADAGDP2018:$1,707B4.4xNSWGDP¹Population2017:36.7MMajorityserviceindustries.Strongprimarysector–forestry,petroleumandagriculture.Sizeablemanufacturingsector.GlobalInnovationIndexrank2018:18HumanDevelopmentIndexrank2018:12EnvironmentalPerformanceIndexrank2018:25
UNITEDSTATESGDP2018:$19,485B49.9xNSWGDP¹Population2017:326.0MDiverseeconomywithabundantnaturalresourcesandwelldevelopedinfrastructure.Rankssecondintheworldforhighestestimatesvalueofnaturalresources.GlobalInnovationIndexrank2018:6HumanDevelopmentIndexrank2018:13EnvironmentalPerformanceIndexrank2018:27
CALIFORNIAGDP2018:$2,810B7.2xNSWGDP³Population2017:39.4MDiverseeconomy,knownfortechnology,entertainmentandagriculture.LargesteconomyintheUnitedStates.
GEORGIAGDP2018:$562B1.4xNSWGDP³Population2017:10.4MMajorityserviceindustries.Significantmanufacturing–textiles,pulpandpaperproducts.Sizeableagriculturalsector
UNITEDKINGDOMGDP2018:$2,966B7.6xNSWGDP¹Population2017:66.0MMajorityserviceindustries.Strongfinancialservicesindustry.Significantdefence,aerospaceandpharmaceuticalsectors.GlobalInnovationIndexrank2018:4HumanDevelopmentIndexrank2018:14EnvironmentalPerformanceIndexrank2018:6
OECDTheOrganisationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment(OECD)isanassociationof35developednationsfounded‘topromotepoliciesthatwillimprovetheeconomicandsocialwell-beingofpeoplearoundtheworld’.
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0.000.040.080.12
CommonwealthInvestment
0.04 0.08 0.12 0.16
StateInvestment
VIC
AUS
QLD
NSW
2010 2015
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2011 2016
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
2010 2016
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
GER USA OECD SING VIC NSW AUS CAN UK QLD NZ
0
1
2
3
%
BusinessInvestment
HigherEducationInvestment
GovernmentInvestment
GOVERNMENT&NOT-FOR-PROFITR&DINAUSTRALIA GOVERNMENT&NOT-FOR-PROFITR&D HIGHEREDUCATIONR&D
TOTALR&DINVESTMENT BUSINESSR&D
GrossinvestmentinR&DasapercentageofGDP,2014 BusinessinvestmentinR&DasapercentageofGDP,2010–2015
Source:ABS5206.0(Dec2015,Mar2017),5220.0(2014-15,2015-16),8104.0(2013-14,2015-16);OECDMSTI,2017.OECDaverageisnotincludedinrankings
Australianandstategovernmentandnon-profitorganisationsexpenditureinR&DasapercentageofGDP,2016-17
Othergovernmentandnon-profitorganisationexpenditureinR&DasapercentageofGDP,2011–2016 HighereducationinvestmentinR&DasapercentageofGDP,2010–2016
Source:ABS5206.0(Dec2018),5220.0(2017-18),8109.0(2016-17). Source:ABS5206.0(Dec2018),5220.0(2017-18),8109.0(2016-17),OECDMSTI(2018).OECDaverageisnotincludedinrankings.
R&DInvestment
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ScorecardYear2018
2019
*Differenttimeperiodshavebeenusedtoreflectthelatestavailabledata
NSWRank
NSWRank
NSWRank
NSWRank
Researchanddevelopmentexpenditureisthemoneyspentoncreativeworkundertakenonasystematicbasistoincreasethestockofknowledgeandtheuseofthisknowledgetodevisenewapplications⁴
NSWranks5thforoverallinvestmentinresearchanddevelopment(R&D),with1.9%ofNSWGDPspentonR&D.
MostR&DinvestmentinNSWcomesfrombusiness.NonewdataonbusinessR&Dinvestmenthasbeenreleasedsincethe2018Scorecard,butthedataavailableshowsNSWranks4thforbusinessinvestmentinR&DoutperformingallAustralianbenchmarks.
NSWoutperformsmostinternationalbenchmarksforhighereducationR&Dinvestment,butlagsAustralianbenchmarksonthismetric.ItalsolagsAustralianstatesinCommonwealthR&Dinvestment,presentinganopportunityforNSWtosecuremoreofthisinvestment.
Governmentandnot-for-profitR&Dmeasuresspendingwithingovernmentdepartmentsandnot-for-profitorganisations.ItdoesnotincludeR&Dfundsgovernmentprovidestohighereducationortheprivatesector.WhileNSWisoutperformedbymostbenchmarksonthismetric,i..
ResearchandCollaboration
Source:ABS5206.0(Dec2018),5220.0(2017-18),8104.0(2013-14,2015-16),8109.0(2016-17),8111.0(2016);OECDMainScience&TechnologyIndicators(MSTI;2018).Timeseriesdatahasnotbeencalculated.OECDaverageisnotincludedinrankings.
Source:ABS5206.0(Dec2018),5220.0(2017-18),8111.0(2016),OECDMSTI(2018).OECDaverageisnotincludedinrankings.
UK
NSW
CAN
QLD
VIC
AUS
SING
OECD
NZ
USA
GER
NZ
USA
UK
OECD
GER
NSW
QLD
SING
AUS
CAN
VIC
QLDNZ
CANAUSUKVIC
NSWSINGOECD
USAGER
Source:CSIROData61Ribit.netanalysisofLinkedIndata(2018);OECDMSTI,2018Timeseriesdatahasnotbeencalculated.*TheUSStateofCaliforniaandGeorgia.
GA* USA NSW AUS GER NZ
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5
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NZ AUS VIC QLD CAN GER
0.05
0.100.150.20
0.250.300.35
0.40
ResearchWorkforce
RESEARCHERS TOPPAPERS
TOPRESEARCHERS
05101520
NSWRank
NSWRank
NSWRank
NSWRank
ScorecardYear2018
2019
Source:InCites(2006-2018);ABS3101.0(Mar2018);OECDMSTI(2018);USCensusBureau(2018)Timeseriesdatahasnotbeencalculated.*TheUSStateofCaliforniaandGeorgia.
TOPUNIVERSITIES
Source:CSIROData61Ribit.netanalysisofLeagueofScholars(2018)Timeseriesdatahasnotbeencalculated.*TheUSStateofCaliforniaandGeorgia.
Source:QSWorldUniversityRankings(2018);ABS3101.0(Mar2018);OECDMSTI(2018);USCensusBureau2018)Timeseriesdatahasnotbeencalculated.*TheUSStateofCaliforniaandGeorgia.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
UK
SING
CA*
AUS
CAN
NZ
VIC
NSW
QLD
USA
GA*
GER
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ResearchandCollaboration
Numberoftop1%citedpapersover10yearsto2018per10,000population
Numberofresearchersper1,000workers,2018
Percentageofresearcherswhoaretop10intheirfield,2018 Numberoftop200universitiespermillionpopulation,2019
WhileNSWhasfewerresearchersper1,000workersthanmostbenchmarks,ithastopresearchersproducingqualitywork.
NSWresearchersproduced4,236top1%citedpapersovera10yearperiod,outperformingmostinternationalbenchmarks.
Aroundoneinseven(14.4%)NSWresearchersareinthetop10inthetheirfield,asrankedbytheLeagueofScholarswhichratesscholarsoncitations,industrycollaborationandpublicengagement.NSWperformanceonthismetriciscomparabletootherAustralianjurisdictions,butlagsbehindUSbenchmarks,theUKandCanada.
ThenumberoftoppapersandtopresearchersinNSWhasincreasedsincethe2018Scorecard,whichisgoodnewsforNSW.
NSWuniversitiesalsoperformwell.NSWranks3rdforthenumberoftop200universitiespermillionpopulation.Ofthe11publicuniversitiesinNSW,threearerankedinthetop200oftheQSWorldUniversityRankingsandsixarerankedinthetop250.
NSWuniversitiesarerankednumberoneforresearchinover50diversetopics,includingfieldrobotics,informationsystems,socialmarketing,physiotherapyandmolecularecology⁵
Collaboration
UNIVERSITYANDINDUSTRYCOLLABORATION
GER CA USA UK GA CAN NZ SING AUS QLD VIC NSW
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7
UNIVERSITYANDINDUSTRYCOLLABORATION
HIGHEREDUCATIONRESEARCHFUNDEDBYINDUSTRY
RESEARCHGRANTS
QLD AUS NSW VIC
0K
50K
100K
150K
200K
250K
300K $287,614 $274,227 $274,227 $263,825
CWTSLeidenRankingUniversity-IndustryCollaborationscore,2018 Percentageofhighereducationresearchfundedbyindustry,2012–2017
Worldheatmapofhighest(green)andlowest(red)collaboration,2018AustralianResearchCouncil(ARC)LinkageProjectfundingperresearcher,2018
AlljurisdictionsoutperformNSWforuniversityandindustrycollaboration,althoughNSW'sperformanceonthismetriciscomparabletootherAustralianbenchmarks.ThismetricismeasuredbytheNetherlands’LeidenUniversitybylookingatthenumberandproportionofauniversity’spublicationsthathavebeenco-authoredwithprivate-sectorforprofitenterprises.
LeidenUniversity’sfindingsaresupportedbythe2018GlobalInnovationIndex(GII)whichrankedAustralia32foruniversityandindustryresearchcollaboration,wellbelowAustralia'soverallGIIrankingof20.
Whileuniversityandindustrycollaborationremainsachallenge,thepercentageofhighereducationresearchfundedbyindustryhasincreased.In2017,almostonethird(31.8%)ofNSWhighereducationresearchwasfundedbyindustry.
TheAustralianResearchCouncil(ARC)providesLinkageProjectgrantsforcollaborativeresearchpartnerships.WhilethedollarvalueofgrantsNSWattractsperresearcherhasincreasedsincethe2018Scorecard,QueenslandnowoutperformsNSWonthismetric,whereasinthe2018ScorecardNSWmarginallyoutperformedallAustralianbenchmarks.
GreatercollaborationbetweentheresearchandinnovationsectorandindustryiscriticaliftheresearchandinnovationtakingplaceinAustraliaaretoyieldcommercialoutcomes⁶.
Source:CSIROData61Ribit.netanalysisofCWTSLeidenRankingUniversity-IndustryCollaborationdata(2018)(averageacrossalluniversitiesinajurisdiction)Timeseriesdatahasnotbeencalculated.*TheUSStateofCaliforniaandGeorgia.
Source:DepartmentofEducationandTraining(DET)HigherEducationResearchDataCollection(HERDC),ResearchIncome(1994-2017).
Source:CSIROData61Ribit.netanalysisofCWTSLeidenRankingUniversity-IndustryCollaborationdata(2018).
Source:CSIROData61Ribit.netanalysisofAustralianResearchCouncildata,DET,(2018).
©2020Mapbox©OSM
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NSWRank
Research&Collaboration
2012 2017
25
30
35VIC
QLD
NSW
AUS
ScorecardYear2018
2019
10
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3
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1
Inventiondisclosuresperinstitute,2011–2016Trademarkapplicantsper10,000population,2011–2016
Patentapplicantsper10,000population,2011–16Patentapplicationsper10,000population,2016
Source:ABS3101.0(Mar2017);OfficeofChiefEconomist,InnovationMap,accessed5December2017
Ideas&Inventions
Source:ABS3101.0(Sep2018);IPAustralia(2017);OECDMSTI(2018)Timeseriesdatahasnotbeencalculated.OECDaverageisnotincludedinrankings.
PATENTAPPLICATIONS PATENTAPPLICANTS
TRADEMARKAPPLICANTS INVENTIONDISCLOSURES
NSWRank
GER USA SING OECD NSW UK CAN AUS VIC QLD NZ
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Source:ABS3101.0(Mar2017);OfficeofChiefEconomist,InnovationMap,accessed5December2017.
Source:DepartmentofIndustry,Innovation&Science,NationalSurveyofResearchCommercialisation2000–2016(NSRC).
ScorecardYear2018
2019
2011 2016
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
VICQLD
NSW
AUS
2011 2016
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20
VIC
QLD
AUS
NSW
2011 2016
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VICQLD
NSW
AUS
Research&Collaboration
Apatentisusedtoprotectnewinventionsandgivesthepatentrecipienttherighttocommerciallyexploittheirinventionforthelifeofthepatent.Atrademarkisusedtodistinguishgoodsandservicesfromthoseofanotherbusiness.⁷Whilepatentandtrademarkapplicationratescanindicatetrendsininnovation,cautionisneededwhenusingthemasacomparativemeasureofinnovationastheyaredependentoneconomiccompositionandindustrystructure.
NonewdataonpatentandtrademarkapplicationsinNSWhasbeenreleasedsincethe2018Scorecard.ThedataavailableshowstherateofpatentapplicationsinNSWishigherthanotherAustralianbenchmarksandcomparabletotheUKandCanada,butissignificantlylowerthanGermany,theUSandSingapore.ThismaybebecausethemajorityofAustralia'stradedgoodareeitherservicesorcommoditieswhichdonotcorrelatetohighlevelsofpatenting.
TherateofpatentapplicantshasdecreasedinallAustralianstatesinrecentyears,whiletherateoftrademarkapplicantshasremainedmoresteady.
Aninventiondisclosureisaconfidentialdescriptionofaninventionthatispotentiallypatentableormayhavecommercialvalue.TheNSWinventiondisclosureratehasincreasedslightlysincethe2018Scorecard,butisstilllowerthantherateforotherAustralianbenchmarks.
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Overthelastfewyears,theAustralianinnovationlandscapehaschangeddramatically—start-ups,incubators,andacceleratorshaveemergedacrossthecountry.SavvyinvestorsareincreasinglyseeingthecommercialvalueofnewtechnologiesbuoyedbythesuccessoflocalcompanieslikeAtlassian,CanvaandHatchtech⁸
Percentageofpeopleonsocialmediathatidentifyasstartupfoundersandco-founders,2018
VenturecapitalasapercentageofGDP,2018Venturecapitalfirmsper1,000firmsonsocialmedia,2018
NSW37%
VIC27%
QLD14%
Other22%
NSW49%
VIC13%
QLD20%
Other19%
VentureCapital&Startups
VENTURECAPITALFIRMS VENTURECAPITALINVESTMENT
STARTUPFOUNDERS
NSWRank
NSWRank
NSWRank
STARTUPSFROMRESEARCHINSTITUTIONS
0246810 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
SINGGERCA*NSWCANNZUKAUSUSAVICQLDGA*
CA* SINGNSW VIC AUS UK CAN QLD GER USA GA* NZ
0
5
10
15
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ScorecardYear2018
2019
Source:CSIROData61Ribit.netanalysisofLinkedIndata(2018)Timeseriesdatahasnotbeencalculated.*TheUSStateofCaliforniaandGeorgia.
Source:OECD,Entrepreneurshipataglance(2017):OECDMSTI(2018);ABS5206.0(Dec2018),5220.0(2017-18),5678.0(2016-17);Duff&Phelps,TransactionTrail(2018)Timeseriesdatahasnotbeencalculated.*TheUSStateofCaliforniaandGeorgia.
AUSTRALIANSTARTUPFOUNDERS
Source:DepartmentofIndustry,Innovation&Science,NSRC(2000-2016). Source:StartupMusterAnnualReport(2018).
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Locationofstartupsarisingfromuniversitiesandresearchinstitutions,2011–2016 Locationofstartupfounders,2018
Skills&Enterprise
NSWisthestartupcapitalofAustralia.Itisestimatedthatalmosthalf(49%)ofallstartupfoundersinAustraliaarelocatedinNSW,wellaheadofQueenslandat20%andVictoriaat13%.NSWalsohasmoreventurecapitalfirmsandreceivesmoreventurecapitalinvestmentasapercentageofGDPthantheAustralianbenchmarks.
NSWstilllagsmostinternationalbenchmarksonventurecapitalinvestment.However,sincethe2018Scorecard,therateofNSWVCinvestmentasaproportionofGDPhasdoubled,albeitfromalowbase.
In2017,NSWinvestedheavilyinstartupsbyestablishingtheSydneyStartupHubtosupportcollaboration,attractinvestorsandstrengthenthestartupcommunity.TheHubhousesmorethan480startups,leadingincubatorandcoworkingcommunities,andlargecorporateaccelerators.⁹Inthe2019GlobalStartupEcosystemReport,NSWrankedinthetop10forglobalandlocalconnectedness,wellaboveitsoverallrankingof23.
NSWranks3rdfortheproportionofpeopleonsocialmediaidentifyingasst..
Source:CSIROData61Ribit.netanalysisofLinkedIndata(2018)Timeseriesdatahasnotbeencalculated.*TheUSStateofCaliforniaandGeorgia.
DigitalCapabilityDIGITALCAPABILITY
GROWTHTECHNOLOGIES
NSWRank
CA* NSW QLD GA* CAN USA GER AUS SING VIC UK NZ
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2022
ScorecardYear2018
2019
Source:CSIROData61Ribit.netanalysisofLinkedInandBuiltWithdata(2017).
Source:CSIROData61Ribit.netanalysisofLinkedInandBuiltWithdata(2017).
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Percentageofbusinessesusingtechnologiesthatarecorrelatedwithgrowth,2016-2018
-100.. -80% -40% -20% -10% -5% -2% -1% 0% 1% 5% 10% 20% 40% 80% 160% 320% 640% 124.. 248.. More
0%
5%
10%
15%Non-users
Users
DigitalCapabilityisameasureofhowwidelybusinessesareusingleadingdigitaltechnologiesthatareassociatedwithhighgrowth.
ResearchundertakenbyCSIROData61forthe2018Scorecardshowedthatthemedianheadcountgrowthforcompaniesthatusecertaindigitaltechnologieswas8%higherthanforcompaniesthatdonotusethesetechnologies.Thedigitaltechnologiesassessedincludecloudproductivityapps,searchengineoptimisationtoolsandservices,andwebsitesthataredesignedformobileusageaswellasdesktop.
NSWranks2ndfordigitalcapabilitybehindCaliforniaonly,withalmostoneinfive(17.9%)NSWbusinessesonLinkedInusingthesetechnologies.NSWperformanceonthismetrichassignificantlyimprovedsincethe2018Scorecard.
Skills&Enterprise
Distributionofemploymentgrowthandusersandnon-usersofgrowthtechnologies,2015–2017
Source:ABS6291.0(Nov2018).
Percentageofmanagersandprofessionalsemployedonsubclass457&482visas,2018
NSWhasahighlyeducatedworkforce,withalmosthalf(48.6%)ofNSWworkerstertiary-qualified.NSWranks4thfortheproportionoftertiaryqualifiedworkers,behindCanada,SingaporeandVictoriaonly.Theemploymentrateoftheseworkersisveryhigh(96.9%)andcomparabletootherbenchmarkjurisdictions.
NSW’sproportionofVETqualifiedworkersisonparwithVictoria,butlowerthanQueensland,andmaybeconnectedtothehigherratesoftertiary-qualifiedworkersinNSWandVictoria.Almostoneinfive(18.8%)NSWworkershaveaVETqualification.
NSWattractsthehighestrateofmanagersandprofessionalsonAustralianskilledworkervisas.Itisalsohometoonequarter(25%)ofallresearchcommercialisationfull-timeemployeesworkinginuniversities.
SkilledWorkforce
TERTIARY-QUALIFIEDWORKFORCE EMPLOYMENTOFTERTIARY-QUALIFIEDPEOPLE
SKILLEDWORKERVISAS VOCATIONALLYTRAINEDWORKFORCE COMMERCIALISATONSKILLS
Percentageoflabourforcewithtertiaryqualifications,2017 Percentageoftertiaryqualifiedpeopleinthelabourforcewhoareemployed,2017
Percentageoflabourforcewithvocationaleducationandtrainingqualifications(uptoCertificateIV),2017
Dedicatedresearchcommercialisationfulltimeemployees(FTE)inuniversities,2016
Source:ABS6291.0(Nov2018);OECDEducationataglance(2017,2016);SingaporeMinistryofManpower(2018)Timeseriesdatahasnotbeencalculated.OECDaverageisnotincludedinrankings
Source:ABS6291.0(Nov2018);OECDEducationataglance(2017,2016),SingaporeMinistryofManpower(2018)Timeseriesdatahasnotbeencalculated.OECDaverageisnotincludedinrankings
Source:DepartmentofImmigration&BorderProtectionTemporaryWork(Skilled)visasgranted2018-12-31;ABS6291.0(1986onwards).
Source:DepartmentofIndustry,Innovation&ScienceNSRC(2000-2016).
NSW VIC AUS QLD
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
QLD AUS NSW VIC
0
5
10
15
20
25
NSW25%
VIC24%
QLD30%
Other21%
01020304050 50 60 70 80 90 100
CAN
SING
VIC
NSW
USA
UK
AUS
QLD
NZ
OECD
GER
Skills&EnterpriseScorecardYear
2018
2019
NSWRank
NSWRank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
2014
2014
2014
2014
2018
2018
2018
2018
NSW
VIC
QLD
AUS
EconomicPerformance
SING USA NSW AUS GER OECD CAN QLD VIC UK NZ
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
NSW UK CA* AUS VIC SING NZ CAN USA GA* QLD GER
0
50
100
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
0
1
2
3
4
5
GDPgrow
th
1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
95100
105
110
115
120
125
VIC
QLD
NSW
AUS
LABOURPRODUCTIVITY GROWTHFIRMS
NETBUSINESSCREATION ANNUALGDPGROWTH MULTI-FACTORPRODUCTIVITYINDEX
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Source:ABS8165.0(Jun2014-Jun2018)
Changeinannualgrowthofnetbusinesscreation(businessentryrates–exitrates)between2014and2018
NSWRank
NSWRank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
NSWRank
Firmsper1,000,000populationthattheheadcountgrewby>10%perannumovertwoyearsto2018
Source:CSIROData61Ribit.netanalysisofLinkedIndata(2018);OCEDMSTI(2018);ABS3101.0(Mar2018);USCensusBureau(2010-2018)Timeseriesdatahasnotbeencalculated.*TheUSStateofCaliforniaandGeorgia
ScorecardYear2018
2019
NSWhasastrongeconomy.GDPgrowthwas2.6%in2017whichisonparwiththefive-yearaverage.
NSWranks1stfortheproportionofbusinessesthathavegrowntheiremployeeheadcountbymorethan10%perannumoveratwoyearperiod,animprovementfromthe2018ScorecardwhichrankedNSW3rdforthismetric.Italsoranks3rdforlabourproductivity,whichmeasuresGDPperpersonemployed.
NSWcreated3.9%morebusinessesin2018comparedto1.3%morebusinessesin2014,aheadofQueenslandbutbehindVictoria.
Nonewdataonmulti-factorproductivity(MFP)hasbeenreleasedsincethe2018Scorecard,butthemostrecentdatashowsNSWoutperformingallAustralianbenchmarks.MFPgrowthisessentiallythepartofGDPgrowththatcannotbeexplainedbychangesinlabourandcapitalinputs.¹¹Researchhasshownthatinnovation,andanorganisation’sabilitytoabsorbandutilisenewknowledge,isakeydriverofeconomy-wideMFP..
Growth&Productivity
Source:WorldBankWorldDevelopmentIndicators(2018);ABS5220.0(2017-18),6202.0(Dec2018).OECDaverageisnotincludedinrankings.
Source:WorldBankWorldDevelopmentIndicators(2018);ABS5220.0(2017-18).OECDaverageisnotincludedinrankings
Source:NSWCentreforEconomicandRegionalDevelopment(Oct2017).
GDP(2011USD)perpersonemployed,2018
AnnualpercentagegrowthinGDP Multi-factorproductivityforthemarketsectorindexedto1995
QLD
UK
AUS
GER
USA
OECD
NSW
NZ
CAN
VIC
SING
2010 2015
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
2005 2015
100
110
120
130
1401
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
EnergyProductivity
ENERGYPRODUCTIVITY ENERGYPRODUCTIVITYIMPROVEMENT
Energyproductivity(2011USDGDP/kgoilequivalent),2015 Energyproductivityindexedto2005,2005-2015
Source:WorldBankWorldDevelopmentIndicators(2018);OfficeoftheChiefEconomistAustralianEnergyStatistics(2017),ABS5220.0(2017-18).OECDaverageisnotincludedinrankings.
Source:WorldBankWorldDevelopmentIndicators(2018);OfficeoftheChiefEconomistAustralianEnergyStatistics(2017),ABS5220.0(2017-18).OECDaverageisnotincludedinrankings.
NSWRank
NSWRank
Businessesthatuseenergyefficientlycanreducetheirrunningcostsandenvironmentalimpactandincreasecompetitiveness.
NSWranks4thforenergyproductivity,behindSingapore,theUKandGermany.
Whenmakingcomparisonsbetweenjurisdictions,itisimportanttorecognisethatenergyproductivityisaffectedbyeconomiccomposition.Forthisreason,itisusefultoconsiderajurisdiction’simprovementinenergyproductivityovertime.Since2005,NSWhasmadesteadyimprovementsinenergyproductivity,withtheUKandSingaporemakingthemostsignificantimprovements.
NSWoutperformsallAustralianbenchmarksforbothenergyproductivityandenergyproductivityimprovement.
Growth&ProductivityScorecardYear
2018
2019
CAN
QLD
USA
VIC
NZ
AUS
OECD
NSW
GER
UK
SING
NZ
QLD
VIC
AUS
CAN
OECD
NSW
USA
GER
SING
UK
InNSW,LinkedIndatacoversanestimated99%oflargebusinessesemployingover200people,andmorethan95%ofallbusinessesemploying10ormorepeople.Theestimatedcoveragebysectoris:
ThelowerpenetrationofLinkedIninsectorssuchasconstruction,retail,financeandinsurancereflectsthelargenumberofindividualcontractors,soletraders,owner-operators,familytrustsandotheraccountingentitiesinthesesectors.Source:CSIRO'sData61May2019.BasedonestimatesderivedfromABS8165.0CountsofAustralianBusinesses,includingEntriesandExits2018&LinkedInAustralianbusinesscountsbyIndustry2019.ValuesshowrelativecoverageofAustralianbusinessesonLinkedInbyindustry.
TheStateofNewSouthWales,includingtheNSWDepartmentofIndustry(“theDepartment”),doesnotgiveanywarranty,guaranteeorrepresentationabouttheaccuracy,currencyorcompletenessofanyinformationcontainedinthisdocument(including,withoutlimitation,anyinformationincludedinthedocumentwhichwasprovidedbythirdparties).TheStateofNewSouthWales(includingtheDepartment)providesthisdocumentwithoutassumptionofadutyofcaretoanyperson.Tothefullestextentpermittedbylaw,theStateofNewSouthWales(includingtheDepartment)excludesallliabilityinrelationtotheinformationcontainedinthisdocumentorforanyinjury,expenseloss,ordamagewhatsoever(includingwithoutlimitationliabilityfornegligenceandconsequentiallosses)sufferedorincurredbyanypersonacting,orpurportingtoactinrelianceuponanyinformationcontainedherein.PUB18/157
1.WorldBank(2019)-InternationalComparisonProgramdatabase-seehttps://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD?locations=AU-CA-DE-SG-GB-US-NZ2.ABS(Nov2018)-YearendingJuneestimatesfromABS(Nov2018)5220.0-AustralianNationalAccounts:StateAccounts,2017-18-Table1.ConvertedusingoutcomesforAustralia.3.USBureauofEconomicAnalysis(2019)-seehttps://apps.bea.gov/itable/iTable.cfm?ReqID=70&step=1#reqid=70&step=1&isuri=14.OECDGlossaryofStatisticalTerms:'Researchanddevelopmentexpenditure'https://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=23155.LeagueofScholars(Jan2019)CSIROData61analysis6.DepartmentofEducationandTraining(Cth)(2016)InquiryintoAustralia’sFutureinResearchandInnovation:SubmissionfromtheDepartmentofEducationandTrainingtotheJointSelectCommitteeonTradeandInvestmentGrowth7.IPAustralia2019.8.ElAnsari,Y,CEO,AustralianPrivateEquityandVentureCapitalAssociationLimited(2017),FeatureArticle:Australia'sventurecapitalandprivateequitymarketinAustralianInnovationSystemReport20179.NSWGovernment(2019)SydneyStartupHub:OneYearreport10.StartupGenome(2019)GlobalStartupEcosystemReport11.OECDData(2019)'Multifactorproductivity'https://data.oecd.org/lprdty/multifactor-productivity.htm12.ProductivityCommission(2008),EnhancingAustralia'sproductivitygrowth
COVERAGE
Endnotes LinkedIndatacoverageScorecardYear
2018
2019
Alldatainthisscorecardisthelatestavailableforalljurisdictionsasat31March2019.
SectorProfessional,ScientificandTechnic..
FinancialandInsuranceServices
Mining
InformationMediaandTelecommu..
EducationandTraining
ArtsandRecreationServices
PublicAdministrationandSafety
OtherServices
Construction
Rental,HiringandRealEstateServ..
HealthCareandSocialAssistance
AdministrativeandSupportServic..
WholesaleTrade
Electricity,Gas,WaterandWaste..
RetailTrade
Transport,PostalandWarehousing
Manufacturing
AccommodationandFoodServices
Agriculture,ForestryandFishing
100%
84%
83%
69%
60%
57%
56%
55%
39%
34%
31%
29%
28%
22%
21%
21%
15%
8%
4%
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