View
216
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
NONRENEWABLE AND
RENEWABLERESOURCES
Energy Defined• 3 min video • http://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=pb6-DcMEYq4
HMMMM....What do you
think nonrenewable resources are?
Break it down...
Nonrenewable?
Resource?
NONRENEWABLE RESOURCES
A nonrenewable resource is a natural resource that cannot be re-made or re-grown at a scale comparable to its consumption.
Renweable Resource is…• A renewable resource is a natural
resource which can replenish with the passage of time, either through biological reproduction or other naturally recurring processes.
Energy Use in USA
Five Factors that Influence the Value of Fuel• Cost• Availability• Safety• Energy Content• Byproducts of the
fuel’s use
USA vs World
NUCLEAR ENERGYNuclear fission
uses uranium to create energy.
Nuclear energy is a nonrenewable
resource because once the uranium
is used, it is gone!
How Nuclear Energy Works
A 1,000-megawatt nuclear plant is refueled
once a year, whereas a
coal plant of the same
size requires 80 rail cars of coal a day
COAL, PETROLEUM, AND GAS
Coal, petroleum, and natural gas are considered nonrenewable
because they can not be replenished in a short period of
time. These are called fossil fuels.
HOW IS COAL MADE ???
HOW ARE OIL AND GAS MADE ???
WHAT WAS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN COAL AND OIL/GAS?
Differences • Coal is a solid. It is mostly carbon. It
is made from mostly plant materials.
• Oil is a liquid. It is a mixture of hydrocarbons. It is more animal materials. Its composition is different depending on where it is found.
• Natural gas is a gas. It is mostly methane, CH4.
Heat produced by burning pulverized coal in a furnace boils water to produce steam that
spins a turbine to produce electricity.
The steam is cooled, condensed, and
returned to the boiler for reuse.
Waste heat can be transferred to the
atmosphere or to a nearby source
of water. The largest coal-burning power plant in the United
States, located in Indiana, burns three 100-car trainloads of
coal per day
Coal-burning power plant.
Asphalt
GasesLowest Boiling Point
Highest Boiling Point
Gasoline
Aviation fuel
Heating oil
Dieseloil
Heatedcrude oil
Furnace
Naphtha
Greaseand wax
Science: refining crude oil. Components of
petroleum are removed at various levels,
depending on their boiling points,
in a giant distillation column. The most
volatile components with the lowest boiling points are removed at the top of the column.
Methane Hydrates-fossil fuel of future?• As natural gas
from shale becomes a global energy "game changer," oil and gas researchers are working to develop new technologies to produce natural gas from methane hydrate deposits.
Methane risks• Methane hydrates are sensitive sediments. • They can rapidly dissociate with an increase in
temperature or a decrease in pressure. This dissociation produces free methane and water
• The conversion of a solid sediment into liquids and gases will create a loss of support and shear strength. These can cause submarine slumping, landslides or subsidence that can damage production equipment and pipelines
Oil Reserves vs Oil Resources• Oil reserves are
oil deposits that can be extracted profitably at current prices using current technology.
• Oil resources are quantities of petroleum estimated to be potentially recoverable from undiscovered accumulations by application of future development projects.
HMMMM....
If nonrenewable resources are resources that
cannot be re-made at a scale comparable to its consumption, what are renewable
resources?
RENEWABLE RESOURCES
Renewable resources are natural resources that can be replenished in a short period of time.
● Solar ● Geothermal● Wind ● Biomass● Water
SOLAREnergy from
the sun.Solar power is the
conversion of sunlight into electricity, either
directly using photovoltaics (PV), or
indirectly using concentrated solar
power (CSP)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m74bMrxhBkw
Passive Solar Collection
SOLAR ENERGY• http://www.history.com/topics/earth-
day/videos#light-energy
Solar Cooking keeps Trees
GEOTHERMALGeothermal energy is the
heat from the Earth. It's clean and sustainable.
Resources of geothermal energy range from the
shallow ground to hot water and hot rock found a few miles beneath the Earth's surface, and down even
deeper to the extremely high temperatures of molten rock
called magma. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uVDBRQvBVso
Geo-Thermal Energy
WIND.
Wind power is the conversion of wind energy into a useful
form of energy, such as using wind turbines to make electrical power,
windmills for mechanical power,
windpumps for water pumping or
drainage, or sails to propel ships.
How Wind Turbines Work
Wind Power• http://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=SQpbTTGe_gk
Wind Power is like “oil” to Mid-West & Coastal Areas
BIOMASSEnergy from
burning organic or living matter.
As an energy source, biomass can either be
used directly via combustion to produce heat, or indirectly after converting it to various
forms of biofuel.
Bio Diesel
Ethanol Fuel
Green Algae• http://www.history.com/topics/
earth-day/videos#green-algae
• Algae fuel or algal biofuel is an alternative to fossil fuel that uses algae as its source of natural deposits
WATER or HYDROLOGIC
Energy from the flow of
water.
Tidal and Wave Power• http://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=qRUl1mJQHmc
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0mzrbfzUpM
Tidal Power• Tidal power,
also called tidal energy, is a form of hydropower that converts the energy of tides into useful forms of power, mainly electricity.
WAVE POWER• Wave energy is
produced when electricity generators are placed on the surface of the ocean. The energy provided is most often used in desalination plants, power plants and water pumps. Energy output is determined by wave height, wave speed, wavelength, and water density
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion OTEC• Ocean thermal energy
conversion (OTEC) uses the temperature difference between cooler deep and warmer shallow or surface ocean waters to run a heat engine and produce useful work, usually in the form of electricity. OTEC is a base load electricity generation system, i.e. 24hrs/day all year long.
Hydrogen—a future fuel source?• Hydrogen fuel is a zero-
emission fuel which uses electrochemical cells, or combustion in internal engines, to power vehicles and electric devices.
• It is also used in the propulsion of spacecraft and can potentially be mass-produced and commercialized for passenger vehicles and aircraft
Hydrogen
Energy Efficiency• The percentage
of energy put into a system that does useful work.
Cogeneration CHP• The production of two useful forms
of energy from the same fuel source.
Energy Conservation• This means to
save energy.
President Obama called for an average of 35.5 mpg for new cars, vans, and SUVs in the United States by 2016. This is lower than China’s current fuel economy standard
for new vehicles and much lower than the 42.5 mpg standard that China has set for 2016
How Can We Make the Transition to a More Sustainable Energy Future?
• We can make a transition to a more sustainable energy future by greatly improving energy efficiency, using a mix of renewable energy resources, and including environmental costs of energy resources in their market prices.
Transition to a More Sustainable Energy Future
• For each energy alternative:– How much available next 25-50 years?– Estimated net energy yield– Total costs– Necessary subsidies and tax breaks– How affect economic and military
security– Vulnerability to terrorism– Environmental effects
Transition to a More Sustainable Energy Future
• Gradual shift from centralized macropower to decentralized micropower
• Greatly improved energy efficiency
• Temporary use of natural gas
• Decrease environmental impact of fossil fuels
Recommended