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Non-InvasiveMeasurement
of BloodParameters
throughFingertip
Amodh KantSaxenaKumar
AbhishekRamesh
Kumar Sonkar
Objective
Photo Plet-hysmography
SensorConfiguration
Design
HardwarePart
Software Part
Result
Conclusion
Discussion
Non-Invasive Measurement of Blood Parametersthrough Fingertip
Amodh Kant SaxenaKumar Abhishek
Ramesh Kumar Sonkar
Department of Electronics and Electrical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Guwahati
19 February 2015
1 / 18
Non-InvasiveMeasurement
of BloodParameters
throughFingertip
Amodh KantSaxenaKumar
AbhishekRamesh
Kumar Sonkar
Objective
Photo Plet-hysmography
SensorConfiguration
Design
HardwarePart
Software Part
Result
Conclusion
Discussion
Overview
1 Objective
2 Photo Plethysmography
3 Sensor Configuration
4 Design
5 Hardware Part
6 Software Part
7 Result
8 Conclusion
9 Discussion
2 / 18
Non-InvasiveMeasurement
of BloodParameters
throughFingertip
Amodh KantSaxenaKumar
AbhishekRamesh
Kumar Sonkar
Objective
Photo Plet-hysmography
SensorConfiguration
Design
HardwarePart
Software Part
Result
Conclusion
Discussion
Objective
This work proposes a low cost method for estimation of bloodparameters using photo-plethysmography (PPG) technique.Data is obtained non-invasively from the fingertip, which isprocessed to estimate heart rate and hemoglobin concentration.Invasive methods of blood parameter estimation tend to betime consuming and resource consuming. Estimation is donevia chemical methods which take time to show results. In thiscase we have shown a method which aids in estimation ofparameters instantly, with limited resource usage.
3 / 18
Non-InvasiveMeasurement
of BloodParameters
throughFingertip
Amodh KantSaxenaKumar
AbhishekRamesh
Kumar Sonkar
Objective
Photo Plet-hysmography
SensorConfiguration
Design
HardwarePart
Software Part
Result
Conclusion
Discussion
Photo Plethysmography
• Plethysmographs measure changes in volume.
• PPG or photo-plethysmography is a way of measuringrelative changes in volume.
• PPG can be used for detection of blood parameters, bystudying passage of electromagnetic light rays through theskin.
• Information about blood parameters can be obtainednon-invasively through PPG.
4 / 18
Non-InvasiveMeasurement
of BloodParameters
throughFingertip
Amodh KantSaxenaKumar
AbhishekRamesh
Kumar Sonkar
Objective
Photo Plet-hysmography
SensorConfiguration
Design
HardwarePart
Software Part
Result
Conclusion
Discussion
Sensor Configuration
• Consists of an LED which illuminates the skin, and aphotosensor.
• The sensor can be used in two configurations: reflectionand transmission.
• The photosensor measures the light reflected (off thebone) or transmitted (through the skin).
• This work uses the reflection mode.
Figur: Sensor Configurations for PPG Sensor
5 / 18
Non-InvasiveMeasurement
of BloodParameters
throughFingertip
Amodh KantSaxenaKumar
AbhishekRamesh
Kumar Sonkar
Objective
Photo Plet-hysmography
SensorConfiguration
Design
HardwarePart
Software Part
Result
Conclusion
Discussion
Design
The work comprises two parts:
• Hardware Part
• Software Part
6 / 18
Non-InvasiveMeasurement
of BloodParameters
throughFingertip
Amodh KantSaxenaKumar
AbhishekRamesh
Kumar Sonkar
Objective
Photo Plet-hysmography
SensorConfiguration
Design
HardwarePart
Software Part
Result
Conclusion
Discussion
Hardware Part
Figur: Hardware Component of the Measurement System
7 / 18
Non-InvasiveMeasurement
of BloodParameters
throughFingertip
Amodh KantSaxenaKumar
AbhishekRamesh
Kumar Sonkar
Objective
Photo Plet-hysmography
SensorConfiguration
Design
HardwarePart
Software Part
Result
Conclusion
Discussion
Circuit
Figur: Circuit Diagram
8 / 18
Non-InvasiveMeasurement
of BloodParameters
throughFingertip
Amodh KantSaxenaKumar
AbhishekRamesh
Kumar Sonkar
Objective
Photo Plet-hysmography
SensorConfiguration
Design
HardwarePart
Software Part
Result
Conclusion
Discussion
PPG Signal Acquisition
9 / 18
Non-InvasiveMeasurement
of BloodParameters
throughFingertip
Amodh KantSaxenaKumar
AbhishekRamesh
Kumar Sonkar
Objective
Photo Plet-hysmography
SensorConfiguration
Design
HardwarePart
Software Part
Result
Conclusion
Discussion
Signal Amplification and Filtering Circuit
10 / 18
Non-InvasiveMeasurement
of BloodParameters
throughFingertip
Amodh KantSaxenaKumar
AbhishekRamesh
Kumar Sonkar
Objective
Photo Plet-hysmography
SensorConfiguration
Design
HardwarePart
Software Part
Result
Conclusion
Discussion
Signal Amplification and Filtering Circuit
Figur: Observation of output of Second Stage of Signal Amplificationand Filtering
11 / 18
Non-InvasiveMeasurement
of BloodParameters
throughFingertip
Amodh KantSaxenaKumar
AbhishekRamesh
Kumar Sonkar
Objective
Photo Plet-hysmography
SensorConfiguration
Design
HardwarePart
Software Part
Result
Conclusion
Discussion
Peak Detector
12 / 18
Non-InvasiveMeasurement
of BloodParameters
throughFingertip
Amodh KantSaxenaKumar
AbhishekRamesh
Kumar Sonkar
Objective
Photo Plet-hysmography
SensorConfiguration
Design
HardwarePart
Software Part
Result
Conclusion
Discussion
Heart Rate and Hemoglobin Estimation
• The heart rate is computed by estimation of the frequencyof the output square wave of the peak detector, in bpm(beats per minute).
• Beer Lambert Law is used to compute the hemoglobinlevels:
where,T is the transmittance; I is the light intensity transmittedfrom the solution; Io is the incident light intensity; ε ismolar extinction coefficient of the solution; c is theconcentration of the solution; l is the length of the liquidthrough which the light passes
13 / 18
Non-InvasiveMeasurement
of BloodParameters
throughFingertip
Amodh KantSaxenaKumar
AbhishekRamesh
Kumar Sonkar
Objective
Photo Plet-hysmography
SensorConfiguration
Design
HardwarePart
Software Part
Result
Conclusion
Discussion
Software Part
Figur: Software Component of the Measurement System
14 / 18
Non-InvasiveMeasurement
of BloodParameters
throughFingertip
Amodh KantSaxenaKumar
AbhishekRamesh
Kumar Sonkar
Objective
Photo Plet-hysmography
SensorConfiguration
Design
HardwarePart
Software Part
Result
Conclusion
Discussion
Result
Figur: Tabulated Results
15 / 18
Non-InvasiveMeasurement
of BloodParameters
throughFingertip
Amodh KantSaxenaKumar
AbhishekRamesh
Kumar Sonkar
Objective
Photo Plet-hysmography
SensorConfiguration
Design
HardwarePart
Software Part
Result
Conclusion
Discussion
Conclusion
In this paper, heart rate and hemoglobin levels of human bloodhave been estimated non-invasively with a good level ofaccuracy. The easy realization of concept and added benefits oflow cost components can help in increasing the availability ofcheap healthcare in remote areas. The technique also promisesa decrease in discomfort and time lag associated withtraditional methods.
16 / 18
Non-InvasiveMeasurement
of BloodParameters
throughFingertip
Amodh KantSaxenaKumar
AbhishekRamesh
Kumar Sonkar
Objective
Photo Plet-hysmography
SensorConfiguration
Design
HardwarePart
Software Part
Result
Conclusion
Discussion
Discussion
Future extension of the work can be done in the followingdirections:
• Measurement of some other blood parameters that can bedone by Photo Plethysmography:
• Blood Pressure• Blood Glucose Level• Respiration Rate• Partial Pressure of Oxygen
• Data can be send by a wireless mode of communicationusing a micro-controller to a standalone computing unit
• Using cloud storage for storage of medical diagnosis history
17 / 18
Non-InvasiveMeasurement
of BloodParameters
throughFingertip
Amodh KantSaxenaKumar
AbhishekRamesh
Kumar Sonkar
Objective
Photo Plet-hysmography
SensorConfiguration
Design
HardwarePart
Software Part
Result
Conclusion
Discussion
References
1 Measurement of Blood Pressure usingPhotoplethysmography, M Asif-Ul-Hoque, Md SabbirAhsan, Bijoy Mohajan, 13th International Conference onModeling and Simulation, UK, 2011
2 Photo-plethysmography (PPG) System, Geert Langereis,Version 2, February 2010.
3 Luminous Intensity of an LED as a Function of InputPower, Sean King, ISB Journal of Physics
4 Microelectronic Circuits : Theory and Applications, AdelS. Sedra, Arun N. Chandorkar, Kenneth C. Smith, OxfordUniversity Press
5 Characteristics of Phototransistors(http://www.johnloomis.org/ece445/topics/egginc/ptchar.html)
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